PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Shoda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Shoda.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Failure of anti-TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) to predict the outcome of the course of Graves' disease following withdrawal of antithyroid drug.

Nineteen patients with Graves' disease were regarded as euthyroid at the end of therapy. Follow-up studies were performed for further 3 years. TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobins (TBII) were measured by radioreceptor assay. Thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) were measured by a sensitive cAMP accumulation using FRTL-5 cells. Most of the patients showed negative TBII at the end of therapy, while TSAb-positive patients were approximately 50%. The relapse rates during post therapeutic period were 33.3% in TSAb-positive group and 40% in TSAb-negative group, which were not significantly different between the two groups. It was thought that determination of TSAb activity at the end of therapy, in addition to TBII, appears to play a permissive role in predicting the outcome of the course of Graves' disease following discontinuation of antithyroid drug therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A case of pemphigus vulgaris in a six-year-old girl.

A case of pemphigus vulgaris in a six-year-old Japanese girl is presented. She first developed vesicles and ulcerations in oral and laryngeal mucous membranes, showing a hoarse voice and fits of coughing with excessive slavering. She had skin blisters six months later. Biopsy of the skin lesion demonstrated the intraepidermal blister in a suprabasal location. Direct immunofluorescence (IF) of the skin lesion revealed deposits of IgG and C3. Indirect IF showed serum anti-ICS antibody titer at 1:640. She was diagnosed as having pemphigus vulgaris. Treatment with oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg) proved effective. This is the first case of infantile pemphigus vulgaris in Japan.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Central hypothyroidism due to isolated TRH deficiency in a depressive man.

A depressive man was evaluated for developing chronic fatigue and cold intolerance, in whom laboratory findings showed decreased thyroid hormone levels (T4, 2.7 micrograms dl-1; T3, 0.76 ng ml-1) with normal blood levels of TSH. A single bolus injection of TRH (500 micrograms) significantly stimulated prolactin secretion, but did not cause an increase in blood TSH levels (basal level, 1.2 microU ml-1 vs. 1.3 microU ml-1 30 min after injection). By contrast, TRH-induced TSH stimulation occurred after repeated injection of TRH for 4 consecutive days (basal level, 1.5 microU ml-1 vs. 5.6 microU ml-1 30 min after injection). Blood thyroid hormone concentrations were restored to normal levels after long-term administration of TRH. Other pituitary functions remained unchanged. A diagnosis of central hypothyroidism due to isolated TRH deficiency was made in this case, and the data presented here indicate that partial resistance of pituitary thyrotrophs to TRH may be associated with depression.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMed1989

Delay of gratification in children.

To function effectively, individuals must voluntarily postpone immediate gratification and persist in goal-directed behavior for the sake of later outcomes. The present research program analyzed the nature of this type of future-oriented self-control and the psychological processes that underlie it. Enduring individual differences in self-control were found as early as the preschool years. Those 4-year-old children who delayed gratification longer in certain laboratory situations developed into more cognitively and socially competent adolescents, achieving higher scholastic performance and coping better with frustration and stress. Experiments in the same research program also identified specific cognitive and attentional processes that allow effective self-regulation early in the course of development. The experimental results, in turn, specified the particular types of preschool delay situations diagnostic for predicting aspects of cognitive and social competence later in life.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Intuitive interactionism in person perception: effects of situation--behavior relations on dispositional judgments.

To examine the effects of the relationships between behavior and the situation in which it occurs, we manipulated such relations and exposed subjects to them. Impressions were similar when based on the behaviors presented with situations unspecified (e.g., child hits) or when the situations in which they naturally occurred were specified (e.g., child hits when provoked). However, when situations were specified, subjects' impressions more accurately predicted individual differences in the children's actual levels of overall aggressive behavior. When the veridical situation-behavior relations were increasingly altered, the targets were perceived as being less plausible and increasingly maladjusted and odd, and correlations decreased between the perceived level of the children's aggressiveness and their actual aggressive behavior. Thus, both personality impressions and predictive accuracy were influenced by the relations between the target's behaviors and their situational contexts.

Aggression↗
PubMed1989

Cognitive person variables in the delay of gratification of older children at risk.

The components of self-regulation were analyzed, extending the self-imposed delay of gratification paradigm to older children with social adjustment problems. Delay behavior was related to a network of conceptually relevant cognitive person variables, consisting of attention deployment strategies during delay, knowledge of delay rules, and intelligence. A positive relationship was demonstrated between concurrent indexes of intelligence, attention deployment, and actual delay time. Moreover, attention deployment, measured as an individual differences variable during the delay process, had a direct, positive effect on delay behavior. Specifically, as the duration of delay and the frustration of the situation increased, children who spent a higher proportion of the time distracting themselves from the tempting elements of the delay situation were able to delay longer. The effect of attention deployment on delay behavior was significant even when age, intelligence, and delay rule knowledge were controlled. Likewise, delay rule knowledge significantly predicted delay time, even when age, attention deployment, and intelligence were controlled.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Requirement of insulin growth factor I plus hydrocortisone for the regeneration of thyrotropin (TSH)-dependent mechanism of I-efflux and Ca2+ mobilization in FRTL-5 cells during TSH depletion.

FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells grown in culture medium supplemented with serum and 6H (TSH, insulin, hydrocortisone, transferrin, glycylhistidyllysine, and somatostatin) showed a significant increase in TSH-dependent cAMP accumulation and I- efflux after prolonged incubation (5 to 10 days) of the cells in culture medium containing 5H (6H - TSH) or serum. The induction of the cAMP response was at least partly reproduced when both serum and 5H were omitted from the medium. However the I- efflux response was completely abolished under such conditions and regenerated when serum or 5H was present. The serum or 5H effect on I- efflux response was mimicked by 2H (insulin + hydrocortisone). Insulin was replaced by 1/1000 less insulin-like growth factor-I than insulin. TSH-dependent Ca2+ mobilization of the cells was similarly affected by the presence of serum or 2H. However, the I- efflux and Ca2+ responses to an agonist other than TSH (extracellular ATP) were not substantially influenced by serum and/or 2H as well as TSH in the medium. The results indicate that serum or insulin-like growth factor-I plus hydrocortisone are required rather specifically for the regeneration of the TSH-receptor mechanism coupled with I- efflux and/or Ca2+ mobilization mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of gratification.

Delay of gratification, assessed in a series of experiments when the subjects were in preschool, was related to parental personality ratings obtained a decade later for 95 of these children in adolescence. Clear and consistent patterns of correlations between self-imposed delay time in preschool and later ratings were found for both sexes over this time span. Delay behavior predicted a set of cognitive and social competencies and stress tolerance consistent with experimental analyses of the process underlying effective delay in the preschool delay situation. Specifically, children who were able to wait longer at age 4 or 5 became adolescents whose parents rated them as more academically and socially competent, verbally fluent, rational, attentive, planful, and able to deal well with frustration and stress. Comparisons with related longitudinal research using other delay situations help to clarify the important features of the situations and person variables involved in different aspects of delay of gratification.

Achievement↗
PubMed1987

Beneficial effect of serum on the fertilizability of mouse oocytes matured in vitro.

Mouse oocytes matured in vitro in chemically defined medium were not penetrated by spermatozoa. The time required for dissolution of the zona pellucida of such oocytes by alpha-chymotrypsin was much longer than that for ovulated oocytes. Addition of fetal calf serum to the medium for maturation of oocytes improved the incidence of sperm penetration and shortened the time of enzymic dissolution of the zona pellucida. These results suggest that the low rate of fertilization of oocytes matured in vitro is mainly due to qualitative changes of the zona pellucida, which could be overcome by a factor or factors in fetal calf serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical studies of BRL 28500 (clavulanic acid/ticarcillin) in the treatment of intraperitoneal infections and biliary tract infections].

Clinical studies have been conducted on BRL 28500 (a formulation containing 15 parts ticarcillin (TIPC) plus 1 part clavulanic acid (CVA]. BRL 28500 was administered at doses of 1.6 g or 3.2 g b.i.d., generally for 10 days by drip infusion to patients with intraperitoneal infections or biliary tract infections. Drug concentrations in the ascites were determined. A total of 76 cases was treated with BRL 28500. These cases included 49 intraperitoneal infections (suppurative peritonitis 29, postoperative peritonitis 20) and 18 biliary tract infections (cholecystitis 5, cholangitis 13). Nine cases were excluded from evaluation according to the committee's assessment. The clinical improvement as assessed by surgeons in charge increased with the duration of continued treatment and efficacies were assessed as 57.1% on day 5, 63.1% on day 7 and 77.8% on day 10 in intraperitoneal infections. Corresponding results in biliary tract infections were 38.9%, 40.0% and 42.9%, respectively. From these results, it is clear that the degree of improvement is related to the duration of treatment. The clinical usefulness as assessed by surgeons in charge of the study was 63.8% in intraperitoneal infections (suppurative peritonitis 75.0%, postoperative peritonitis 47.4%) and 58.8% in biliary tract infections (cholecystitis 100%, cholangitis 41.7%). The overall rate of usefulness was 62.5%. The clinical efficacy rates as assessed by the committee were 81.6% in intraperitoneal infections (suppurative peritonitis 93.1%, postoperative peritonitis 65.0%) and 66.7% in biliary tract infections (cholecystitis 100%, cholangitis 53.8%). In cases where causative organisms were isolated, the efficacies were 92.9% in suppurative peritonitis, 58.8% in postoperative peritonitis, 50.0% in cholangitis and overall, 69.2%. In cases from which TIPC-resistant organisms were isolated, the overall efficacy rate was 65.4% (suppurative peritonitis 88.9%, postoperative peritonitis 58.3% and cholangitis 40.0%). Regarding bacteriological effect as assessed by the committee, the eradication rate was 76.9% in intraperitoneal infections and 40.0% in biliary tract infections (71.0% overall). In cases from whom ticarcillin-resistant organisms were isolated the corresponding rates were 68.4% and 33.3% respectively, (63.6% overall). In 4 patients with peritonitis drug levels in the ascites were determined following administration of BRL 28500 by drip infusion. Good levels of both TIPC and CVA were detected 1 to 3.5 hours after administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Concentrations of cefmenoxime and cefotiam in the bile and gallbladder tissue following intravenous administration in patients with biliary tract diseases].

To test the effectiveness of cefmenoxime (CMX) and cefotiam (CTM) in patients with biliary tract diseases, concentrations of either antibiotic were measured after an intravenous bolus injection of 1.0 g of CMX or CTM, or simultaneous injection of both (1.0 g each). CMX or CTM was injected in 76 patients with biliary tract diseases (mostly cholelithiasis) prior to a cholecystectomy and concentrations of CMX or CTM were measured by the bioassay (agar well) method at 30 to 60 minutes after the injection. Average concentrations of both CMX and CTM in gallbladder bile and gallbladder tissue sufficiently exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against main causative organisms of biliary tract infections. Concentrations of both antibiotics in gallbladder bile were significantly higher in patients with patent cystic ducts than with obstructed cystic ducts. Concentrations of both antibiotics in the gallbladder tissue reached at a similar high level regardless of the patency of the cystic ducts, but concentrations were lower in severely inflamed gallbladders. CMX and CTM were administered alternatively (cross-over fashion), or simultaneously (combined) to 13 patients with T-tube drainage or percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage, and concentrations of both antibiotics in bile from the drainage tube were measured by high performance liquid chromatography at hourly intervals after the injection. Concentrations of both antibiotics were far greater than MICs against main attributable microorganisms in biliary tract infections. The concentration of CMX slightly exceeded that of CTM. Concentrations of both antibiotics were lower in bile of patients showing abnormally high serum GTP, A1-P, and total bilirubin levels than in bile of patients with normal values of these variables. It is speculated that the secretion of both antibiotics in the bile may decrease in cases with severe hepatic failure, but effective concentrations of both antibiotics in the gallbladder tissue should be maintained as long as the blood circulation in the gallbladder was maintained.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Metabolism of steroid hormones in vitro by follicular tissues of the Japanese quail.

The cell-free homogenates of the theca layers and granulosa layers of quail follicles were incubated at 39 degrees C with 14C-labeled steroids in the presence of NADPH. At the end of incubation, radioactive steroids were extracted and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. When radioactive progesterone was employed as the substrate, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione were obtained as the metabolites. 17 alpha-Hydroxylase activity, estimated from the amounts of these two metabolites, was high in the theca layers of the second largest (F2) and the third largest (F3) follicles. The theca layer of the largest follicle (F1) and the granulosa layers of all three follicles were essentially devoid of this enzyme activity. The activity of C17-20 lyase was estimated from the amount of androstenedione that was obtained as a sole metabolite in the incubation of radioactive 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. This enzyme showed a tissue distribution similar to 17 alpha-hydroxylase. When radioactive androstenedione was used as the substrate, testosterone, 5 beta-androstane-3,17-dione, and 3 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one were identified as the metabolites. 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, estimated from the amount of testosterone, was higher in the granulosa layers than in the theca layers. On the other hand, 5 beta-reductase activity, estimated from the sum of 5 beta-androstane-3,17-dione and 3 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-androstan-17-one, was almost equally distributed in the two layers. In order to investigate the changes in the enzyme activities during the ovulatory cycle, birds were killed at various times before the predicted ovulation of F1. When the 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity was estimated in the cell-free homogenates of the theca layers, peaks in the activity were observed 32, 42, 54, and 66 h before ovulation of F1. There was a small peak 18 h before ovulation, and activity then started to decrease. The change of C17-20 lyase activity during the cycle was completely parallel with that of 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1985

Correlation between mammary prolactin receptors of lactating mice and litter weight.

Correlations between numbers and dissociation constants of mammary prolactin receptors of lactating mice and litter weight were examined. The apparent numbers and dissociation constants of mammary prolactin receptors were obtained from Scatchard plots with inhibition of iodine-125 prolactin binding by various concentrations of unlabeled prolactin. Litter weight measured 5 h after separation from the mother showed a nearly quadruple, almost linear increase during the first 15 d after birth. The dissociation constant for prolactin binding was fairly constant through lactation and did not correlate with either number of prolactin receptors or litter weight. The number of prolactin receptors in mammary cells increased rapidly in early lactation, reached a maximum at mid-lactation, began to decrease thereafter, and was correlated closely with litter weights on d 5 (.70) and 10 (.64) postpartum, suggesting that number of prolactin receptors represents the lactational potential of the lactating mouse.

Animal Population Groups↗