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Biomedical subjects

Y Sugai

Publications and source records attributed to Y Sugai.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Hemodynamics in the territory of balloon occluded internal iliac artery--problems of balloon occluded arterial infusion therapy for urinary bladder cancer].

Balloon occluded arterial infusion therapy (BOAI) with anticancer drugs has been performed widely for urinary bladder cancer. It is expected that a dense anticancer drug would perfuse the territory of the vesical arteries under occlusion of the bilateral internal iliac arteries. In balloon occluded internal iliac arteriography, however, contrast media are gradually washed out in spite of complete occlusion of the bilateral internal iliac arteries. This washout process takes place via collateral flow to the acute occlusion and varies according to the position of occlusion and arterial variations in branching. We wondered whether anticancer drug administered by BOAI would perfuse the territory of the vesical arteries as expected. We analyzed the washout process of balloon occluded internal iliac arteriography in 41 patients with urinary bladder cancer in whom preoperative BOAI had been performed. We estimated the hemodynamics and perfusion of the anticancer drug to the urinary bladder on the basis of analysis of balloon occluded internal iliac arteriography in each case. Perfusion scintigraphy and histological examination of surgical specimens of urinary bladder cancer (21 cases) confirmed the validity of our estimates. In some cases it was presumed that the anticancer drug did not reach the territory of the vesical arteries.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Antibodies against synthetic oligopeptides deduced from the putative core gene for the diagnosis of hepatitis virus infection.

Immunoassays were developed to detect antibodies against oligopeptides deduced from the putative core gene of hepatitis C virus, and their performances were compared with that of the commercial immunoassay for antibodies against the product of nonstructural regions of hepatitis C virus (anti-C100-3). A 19-mer oligopeptide (CP10) and a 36-mer oligopeptide (CP9) were chemically synthesized, which represented hydrophilic regions of the product of the hepatitis C virus core gene. They were used to capture corresponding antibodies, anti-CP10 and anti-CP9, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera from patients with acute or chronic non-A, non-B liver disease and in blood donations. At the onset of acute non-A, non-B hepatitis, anti-CP10 was detected in 15 of 20 patients (75%), and anti-CP9 was detected in 14 patients (70%). This was more frequent than anti-C100-3, which was found in only 9 patients (45%). In 186 patients with chronic non-A, non-B liver disease, anti-CP9, anti-CP10 or both were detected in 170 patients (91%). This was more frequent than anti-C100-3, which was found in 138 patients (74%). Blood with anti-CP10 as the single serological marker for hepatitis C virus infection transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis by needlestick exposure. In sera from 558 apparently healthy blood donors, anti-CP10 was detected in 55 donors (9.9%), anti-CP9 was detected in 26 donors (4.7%) and anti-C100-3 was detected in 7 donors (1.3%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Typing hepatitis C virus by polymerase chain reaction with type-specific primers: application to clinical surveys and tracing infectious sources.

Based on variation in nucleotide sequence within restricted regions in the putative C (core) gene of hepatitis C virus (HCV), four groups of HCV have been postulated in a panel of 44 HCV isolates. They were provisionally designated types I, II, III and IV. A method for typing HCV was developed, depending on the amplification of a C gene sequence by polymerase chain reaction using a universal primer (sense) and a mixture of four type-specific primers (antisense). HCV types were determined by the size of the products specific to each of them. Type II was found in HCV samples from 131 (82%) of 159 blood donors, more often than in those from 48 (60%) of 80 patients with non-A, non-B (NANB) liver disease in Japan (P less than 0.01). In 11 haemophiliacs who had received imported coagulation factor concentrates, type I was found in five, as against type II in four. Double infection with two different HCV types was found in two patients with chronic NANB liver disease (types I and II; II and III) and two haemophiliacs (types I and II; I and III). HCV types were identical in mother and baby in each of two examples of perinatal transmission, and were also identical in donor and recipient in a case of accidental needle exposure.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Diagnosis of the ossicular chain in the middle ear by high-resolution CT.

This study was conducted to assess the usefulness and limitations of high-resolution CT for diagnosing the ossicular chain in the middle ear. The CT images in this study were obtained in as much detail as possible and 2 direction images. Preoperative CT findings of the ossicular chain were compared with operative findings in 26 patients with ossicular defects. Preoperative detection of the complete defect of the malleus head and the body and long process of the incus by high-resolution CT was possible in all cases, while detection of the defect of the manubrium of the malleus and superstructure of the stapes could be made in 33.3 and 60%, respectively. The defect of the incudostapedial joint (1 case) and partial defect of the stapes crus (2 cases) could not be diagnosed correctly by preoperative estimation.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1992

[Diagnosis of ossicular chain in the middle ear by high-resolution CT].

This study was conducted to assess the usefulness and limitation of high-resolution CT for evaluating the condition of ossicular chain in the middle ear. Preoperative CT findings of the ossicular chain were compared with the operative findings of ossicles in 26 patients with chronic otitis media or congenital ossicular anomaly who underwent tympanoplasty. Total defect of head of the malleus, body of the incus and long process of the incus were completely detected by high-resolution CT. But the reliability in detecting the defect of handle of the malleus and superstructure of the stapes were 33.3% and 60%, respectively. Defect of the I-S joint (1 case) and partial defect of stapes crus (2 cases) could not be diagnosed correctly in the preoperative estimation. Although these findings demonstrate the limitations of high-resolution CT in the diagnosis of ossicular chain, it will be diminished by the advanced space resolution of CT in the future.

Ear Diseases↗
PubMed1992

[Perioperative renal functions in patients with chronic renal disease].

Renal function was studied in patients with compensated renal failure and in those with slight renal disorder during and after operations focusing on several aggravating factors. After perioperative episodes of hypovolemia, bleeding and shock, the levels of urine beta 2 microglobulin and FENa were elevated, showing the abnormal renal tubule functions. Elevation of NAG and the decrease of Ccr were observed, showing the organic damage on the renal tubular cell and the influence on GFR. These aggravating factors should be eliminated to prevent the irreversible renal changes.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1991

Activation of hepatitis B virus infection by chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid in hepatitis B virus carriers with hematologic malignancies.

Among 262 inpatients with hematologic diseases who were referred for chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy between January, 1985, and December, 1989, nine (3.4%) patients, including two with Hodgkin's disease (HD), three with acute myeloblastic leukemia, one with chronic myelogenous leukemia, two with multiple myeloma and one with aplastic anemia, were found to be hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers before their chemotherapy began. All six HBV carriers who received chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid showed mild-to-moderate elevations in serum transaminase levels after the chemotherapy. Five showed a rise in titer of the hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg. In contrast, three HBV carriers not receiving glucocorticoid showed no change in serum transaminase after chemotherapy. One HBV carrier with HD suffered from severe icteric hepatitis after the withdrawal of multiagent chemotherapy containing glucocorticoid. The HBV-DNA polymerase rose markedly and was accompanied by a marked rise in titer of HBsAg. The results warn us to keep in mind the possibility of glucocorticoid inducing an activation of HBV infection, which may result in severe hepatitis in some HBV carriers. Although further investigation is required, it is recommended that HBsAg-positive patients with hematologic malignancies should, if possible, be treated without glucocorticoid.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of hypoxia on the brain cholinergic system in the rat].

Effects of mild hypoxic hypoxia on brain cholinergic system in the rat were investigated with choline acetyltransferase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (MR) as indicators of cholinergic system. Hypoxic exposure of 10% oxygen concentration was undertaken for one week. The activity of CAT and AChE was reduced, while MR increased. CAT is known as the specific enzyme of cholinergic neuron, but AChE is contained also in postsynaptic neuron of the cholinergic neuron. Reduction in the activity of both enzymes may mean reduction in the activity of cholinergic system. MR is contained in postsynaptic membrane. The increase in MR may indicate recovery from agonist-dependent desensitized receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A long-term survivor of metastatic gastric cancer treated by chemotherapy: case report.

A long-term survivor of advanced gastric cancer with multiple metastases to the liver treated by chemotherapy is described. Chemotherapy comprising a combination of uracil and tegafur with mitomycin C achieved a complete response in the patient which lasted for approximately four years. Four years after initiation of the chemotherapy, a unique form of cancer recurrence occurred on the skin, showing infiltrative erythema. Cancer metastases developed further despite more treatment, and the patient died of generalized metastasis four years six months after the initiation of chemotherapy. It is significant that, at autopsy, no cancer cells were revealed in the primary lesion or in the liver which had been present before the initial chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Chronic active hepatitis with hepatitis B virus DNA and antibody against e antigen in the serum. Disturbed synthesis and secretion of e antigen from hepatocytes due to a point mutation in the precore region.

Some patients with type B chronic active hepatitis have a high titer of hepatitis B virus DNA despite antibody against e antigen in the serum. Clones of hepatitis B virus were propagated from the sera of seven patients with this disease, and the precore region was sequenced. Essentially all clones (128/131 or 98%) showed a point mutation from guanine to adenine at nucleotide 83, converting codon 28 for tryptophan (TGG) to a stop codon (TAG); the second guanine-to-adenine point mutation at nucleotide 86 was identified in only 29 clones from two patients. In patients followed up since they had hepatitis B e antigen, a shift from guanine to adenine was observed at nucleotide 83 along with the seroconversion to the antibody to e antigen. The precore-region product is required for the synthesis and secretion of e antigen from hepatocytes. A point mutation from guanine to adenine at nucleotide 83 observed in the seven patients, therefore, would be responsible for disturbed secretion of e antigen.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The interaction of neuromuscular relaxants with rabbit lung muscarinic receptors.

The interaction of muscle relaxants with airway muscarinic receptors of rabbit lung was investigated in vitro by the [3H]QNB binding technique. Pancuronium, vecuronium, alcuronium and succinyl choline chloride (SCC) inhibited the binding of [3H]QNB to rabbit lung muscarinic receptors in a dose-dependent manner. The values of IC50 (the concentration giving 50% inhibition) of pancuronium, vecuronium, alcuronium and SCC were 1.54 x 10(-5), 2.52 x 10(-5), 8.40 x 10(-5), and 4.00 x 10(-3) mol/l respectively. As the values of Kd increased with minimal change in the value of Bmax, while not influencing the number of receptors, these muscle relaxants had an inhibitory action on the affinity of muscarinic receptors to [3H]QNB in the order: pancuronium greater than or equal to vecuronium greater than alcuronium greater than SCC. Applying IC50 values to human conditions, clinical doses of these muscarinic relaxants are unlikely to exhibit any significant vagolytic action in lung tissue.

Alcuronium↗
PubMed1990

Hepatitis B viruses with precore region defects prevail in persistently infected hosts along with seroconversion to the antibody against e antigen.

The C gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) codes for a nucleocapsid protein made of 183 amino acid residues and is preceded in phase by the precore (pre-C) region, encoding 29 residues. The pre-C-region product is required for the synthesis and secretion of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), which is made of the C-terminal 10 amino acid residues of the pre-C-region product and the N-terminal 149 residues of the C-gene product. HBV mutants with pre-C-region defects prevailed in the circulation of three asymptomatic carriers as they seroconverted from HBeAg to the corresponding antibody (anti-HBe), and these mutants finally replaced nondefective HBV. HBV DNA clones were propagated from sera of an additional 15 carriers with anti-HBe and sequenced for the pre-C region. Essentially all HBV DNA clones (56 of 57 [98%]) revealed mutations that prohibited the translation of a functional pre-C-region product. A point mutation from G to A at nucleotide 83, converting Trp-28 (TGG) to a stop codon (TAG), was by far the commonest and was observed in HBV DNA clones from 16 (89%) of 18 carriers seropositive for anti-HBe. In addition, there were point mutations involving ATG codon to abort the translation initiation of the pre-C region, as well as deletion and insertion to induce frameshifts. Such mutations leading to pre-C-region defects were rarely observed in persistently infected individuals positive for HBeAg or in patients with type B acute hepatitis after they had seroconverted to anti-HBe. These results would indicate a selection of pre-C-defective mutants in persistently infected hosts, along with seroconversion to anti-HBe, by immune elimination of hepatocytes harboring nondefective HBV with the expression of HBeAg.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by a two-stage polymerase chain reaction with two pairs of primers deduced from the 5'-noncoding region.

The 5'-noncoding region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomes is highly conserved. A two-stage polymerase chain reaction (PCR), involving two pairs of primers deduced from the 5'-noncoding region of the HCV genome, was developed for a sensitive and specific detection of HCV RNA. The first stage of PCR was performed for 35 cycles with primers capable of multiplying fragments of 221 base pairs. PCR products in samples negative for HCV RNA were subjected to the second stage of PCR for 30 cycles with primers located internal to those employed in the first stage of PCR. The two-stage PCR detected up to 10 chimpanzee infectious doses/ml of HCV, and HCV RNA in 11 (92%) of 12 sera from patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis without detectable antibodies to HCV by a commercial assay kit. Primers from the 5'-noncoding region of the HCV genome would be suitable for detecting HCV RNA by PCR, since the other regions of the HCV genome diverge extensively in sequence because of its nature as an RNA virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies against the capsid protein of hepatitis C virus with a synthetic oligopeptide.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the determination of antibodies against the putative capsid protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV). A 36-mer oligopeptide with a sequence of RRGPRLGVRATRKTSERSQPRGRRQPIPKVRRPEGR (CP9) was synthesized; it was selected on the translation product of the presumptive HCV core gene, because of a high local hydrophilicity and excellent conservation by different HCV strains. The synthetic peptide was immobilized on a solid-support to capture antibodies directed to CP9 (anti-CP9) in test sera, which were detected by Fab' fragments of monoclonal anti-human IgG/gamma labeled with horseradish peroxidase. The specificity of anti-CP9 was confirmed by absorption tests. Anti-CP9 was detected in 13 (68%) of 19 patients with sporadic acute non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis and in 15 (83%) of 18 patients with post-transfusion acute NANB hepatitis. In 7 cases of acute NANB hepatitis who were followed, anti-CP9 developed earlier than antibodies against HCV (anti-HCV) detectable by a commercial assay kit. Among patients with chronic NANB liver diseases, anti-CP9 was detected in 103 (77%) of 133 with chronic hepatitis, 70 (62%) of 113 with liver cirrhosis and 31 (76%) of 41 with hepatocellular carcinoma. Anti-CP9 and anti-HCV overlapped in 175 (54%) among 324 cases of acute or chronic NANB liver diseases; 58 (18%) were positive only for anti-CP9 while 49 (15%) were positive only for anti-HCV. HCV RNA was detected, by amplifying HCV cDNA with polymerase chain reaction, in 10 of 11 sera positive only for anti-CP9. Among sera from 606 blood donors, 21 were positive only for anti-CP9. HCV RNA was detected in 5 (24%) of them, all of which had A492 values greater than 0.600 in ELISA for anti-CP9. Based on these results, anti-CP9 would complement anti-HCV for the diagnosis of HCV infection and contribute toward further decreasing posttransfusion NANB hepatitis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

[Perioperative renal function of patients with chronic renal diseases].

Perioperative renal function was studied in the patients with compensated renal failure whose values of BUN and serum Cr were above 30 and 2mg.dl-1 respectively, and those with chronic renal diseases whose values of BUN and serum Cr were normal. Serum and urine electrolyte, urea N, beta 2 microglobulin, Cr, Ccr, FENa and urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were checked before, during and after operation for 2 weeks. Anesthesia mainly chosen was neuroleptanesthesia with vecuronium. In both groups, the function of glomeruli was not influenced during perioperative period. In both groups, during operation and 5 to 8 days after operation the value of FENa increased and returned to the preoperative value on the 14th postoperative day. The value of urine beta 2 microglobulin increased on the 5th postoperative day in both groups. During perioperative period renal tubular function was mainly influenced and returned to preoperative value 5 to 14 days after the operation. The perioperative care of the patients with chronic renal diseases including compensated renal failure is different from that of the patients with renal failure treated by hemodialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Anesthesia for a patient with spinocerebellar degeneration who developed atrioventricular block].

A 54-year-old female with a history of spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) and myoma uteri had general anesthesia for the abdominal total hysterectomy. Though the operation was uneventfully performed, various atrioventricular blocks occurred. These might be related to the SCD. Hypertonic state of the vagus was considered to be the quite possible cause of the block. Myocardial degeneration associated with the SCD was also an undeniable factor of the block. No arrhythmia occurred and symptoms of the SCD were not aggravative after the anesthesia and the patient was discharged uneventfully.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1989

State of hepatitis B virus DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from persistently infected individuals: correlation with e antigen and viral DNA in the serum as well as with the activity of liver disease.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were harvested from 76 asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 100 patients with type B chronic liver disease. DNA was extracted from cells and tested for the binding with radiolabeled HBV DNA probe by Southern blot hybridization technique. Among 34 asymptomatic carriers who had hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA in the serum, HBV DNA was detected in 29 (85%) PBMC. In remarkable contrast, of the remaining 42 carriers seronegative for HBeAg, only 1 (2%) had HBV DNA in the serum, and none exhibited HBV DNA in PBMC. Among 32 patients seropositive for HBeAg, HBV DNA was detected in 28 (88%) sera, and in 24 (75%) PBMC. Of 68 patients seronegative for HBeAg, HBV DNA was found in 10 (15%) sera, and in 7 (10%) PBMC. Among 62 cases with HBV DNA in PBMC, only 1 had it integrated into the host's DNA. The remaining 61 had free HBV DNA in PBMC. Only 8 of them possessed replicative intermediate forms of HBV DNA, with molecular sizes less than 2.0 kilobases as observed in liver infected with HBV, and they all were patients with chronic active hepatitis. HBV DNA was not detectable in PBMC from 172 controls comprising 44 healthy individuals and 128 patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. Based on these results, the state of HBV DNA in PBMC reflects the phase of HBV infection with HBeAg in the serum, and a high activity of hepatitis accompanied by active HBV replication.

Animals↗