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Biomedical subjects

Y T Lee

Publications and source records attributed to Y T Lee.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Dobutamine stress echocardiography predicts early wall motion improvement after elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

In 24 patients with chronic coronary artery disease, dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) was performed within 2 days before and after successful elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in a blinded fashion. Patients with ischemic response on DSE before PTCA had significant improvement in the global peak-dose DSE score index after PTCA (1.62 +/- 0.35 to 1.40 +/- 0.29, p < 0.001), whereas patients without ischemic response had no improvement. The positive and negative predictive values of pre-PTCA DSE on early myocardial ischemia relief after angioplasty were 93% and 80%, respectively. In patients showing contractility recruitment during low-dose dobutamine infusion in the DSE before PTCA, there was significant improvement in the global resting wall motion score index in the DSE after PTCA (1.48 +/- 0.43 to 1.34 +/- 0.33, p = 0.004), while patients without contractility recruitment showed no improvement. Again, the positive and negative predictive values of pre-PTCA DSE on early hibernation recovery following angioplasty were 80% and 89%, respectively. In conclusion, DSE in patients with chronic, stable coronary artery disease accurately predicts wall motion improvement after successful angioplasty, and the expected improvement is safely demonstrated early after the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Fish oil supplementation attenuates myointimal proliferation of the abdominal aorta after balloon injury in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

The effects of supplementing with fish oil on the myointimal proliferation of the abdominal aorta after balloon injury were studied in control and in rabbits fed a 1% cholesterol-enriched diet, with and without 10% fish oil supplementation. Twenty-one animals in each group underwent a balloon injury of the abdominal aorta and left common iliac artery after 2 weeks of feeding. The animals remained on their respective diets thereafter. In 7 balloon-injured and 7 sham-operated animals of each group, the abdominal aorta was harvested 3 days later for the analysis of prostanoids, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase activity, [3H]thymidine uptake, and cholesterol levels. In the other 7 balloon-injured rabbits of each group, the tissue was harvested 3 weeks later for morphometric study. The fish oil-treated rabbits had the lowest aortic production of thromboxane B2 levels and the highest 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/thromboxane B2 ratios among the three groups after balloon injury. The aortic malondialdehyde levels of the cholesterol-fed rabbits were significantly higher than the other two groups (each P < 0.001) independent of balloon injury. The myointimal proliferation of the abdominal aorta and left common iliac artery in the fish oil-treated rabbits was less severe than in the cholesterol-fed animals (both P < 0.001) and was comparable with the controls. These results suggest that a fish oil supplement changes prostanoid metabolism to a favorable pattern and reduces lipid peroxidation on the abdominal aortic wall, thus attenuating myointimal proliferation after balloon injury in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1995

Hypovolemic shock and mortality after ingestion of Tripterygium wilfordii hook F.: a case report.

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine used for 2000 years. It was applied externally for treatment of arthritis and inflammatory tissue swelling in early years. Recently, this drug has been found to have immunosuppressive effects which could successfully induce remission of some autoimmune disorders without obvious adverse effects. Although there are side effects of gastrointestinal upset, infertility and suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, little information about lethal toxicities has been reported. A case is presented here of a previously healthy young man who developed profuse vomiting and diarrhea, leukopenia, renal failure, profound hypotension and shock after ingestion of an extract of TWHF. In addition to his hypovolemic shock, serial electrocardiograms (ECG), cardiac enzyme studies, and echocardiography also showed some evidence of coexisting cardiac damage. He died of intractable shock 3 days after the abuse of TWHF. Further studies of the pathogenesis of peripheral collapse and possible cardiac toxicity, and determination of the therapeutic range of this drug are necessary before it is used extensively.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Dobutamine stress echocardiography compared with dipyridamole thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography in detecting coronary artery disease.

To compare the diagnostic value of dobutamine stress echocardiography with dipyridamole thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in detecting coronary artery disease (CAD), we performed both tests on 54 patients who also underwent coronary arteriography. Dobutamine was infused at an incremental regimen of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. Dipyridamole was infused at a rate of 0.14 mg.kg-1.min-1 over 4 min. Dobutamine stress echocardiography detected 40 (93%) and SPECT 42 (98%, P = ns) of the 43 patients with significant CAD, defined as > or = 50% diameter stenosis. The specificity was 73% (8 of 11) for both tests. The sensitivity for detecting individual coronary artery stenosis with dobutamine stress echocardiography was 81% (30 of 37) for the left anterior descending artery, 75% (24 of 32) for the right coronary artery, and 61% (17 of 28) for the left circumflex artery. For SPECT it was 89%, 97% (P < 0.05 vs dobutamine stress echocardiography) and 75%, respectively. Among the 97 stenotic coronary arteries, 17 had mild to moderate stenosis (50%-69% diameter stenosis) and 80 had severe stenosis (> or = 70% diameter stenosis). With dobutamine stress echocardiography, 53% of the arteries with mild to moderate stenosis were identified vs 78% of those with severe stenosis (P < 0.05). With SPECT, the sensitivity was 82% (14 of 17) in mild to moderate stenosis and 89% (71 of 80) in severe stenosis (P = ns). No major side effects occurred during either test. Thus, both dobutamine stress and SPECT are highly sensitive for detection and localization of CAD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Early change of vascular permeability in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

To study the effect of hyperlipidemia on vascular permeability, serial anterior chamber fluorophotometric examinations were carried out on 33 control rabbits (group 1) and 32 diet-induced hypercholesterolemic (group 2) rabbits. Changes in the blood-aqueous barrier function associated with total serum cholesterol (CHO) and triglyceride (TG) levels were studied at the beginning of the study and every 2 weeks thereafter for up to 16 weeks following 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet feeding. Concurrently, a slit-lamp biomicroscope was used to examine the iris for evidence of atheromatous plaque. In group 1, the CHO level decreased slightly during the first 6 weeks and remained rather steady thereafter. The status of the blood-aqueous barrier correlated significantly with serum CHO and TG levels (r = .46, P < .001; r = .23, P = .01, respectively). In group 2, CHO and TG levels increased significantly after 2 and 8 weeks of cholesterol-enriched diet feeding, respectively. The blood-aqueous barrier also became more permeable than that in group 1 after 2 weeks' and increased above its baseline level after 6 weeks' feeding. Both CHO and TG levels correlated well with the degree of blood-aqueous barrier breakdown (r = .51, P < .001; r = .25, P < .001, respectively). The first evidence of iridic lipid-streak deposition was noted at 7.6 +/- 0.7 weeks, while definite iridic atheromatous plaque appeared 11.2 +/- 0.7 weeks after feeding. The change in the blood-aqueous barrier also correlated well with the semiquantitative score of iridic plaque (r = .58, P < .001) and usually preceded visual evidence of plaque formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Anomalous origin of left circumflex artery in a scimitar syndrome. A case report.

This report concerns a twenty-seven-year-old woman with scimitar syndrome of abnormal origin of the left circumflex artery from the pulmonary artery. Operation was performed to redirect the abnormal venous return to the left atrium and abnormal origin of the left circumflex artery to the aorta. Unfortunately, pulmonary hypertension with hemoptysis occurred nineteen months after the operation. A second angiogram showed total occlusion of the graft to the left circumflex artery and impaired left ventricle function, rather than thrombosis of the anastomosis to the scimitar vein, as the cause of pulmonary hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The interaction of fluvastatin and cyclosporin A in renal transplant patients.

A possible interaction between fluvastatin, a new HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, and cyclosporin A (CsA) was studied in 16 stable renal transplant patients with dyslipoproteinemia despite dietary control. They entered a 12-week study period: 4-week baseline, 4-week placebo and 4-week fluvastatin treatment (20 mg daily). Weekly trough whole blood CsA concentrations were measured by monoclonal antibody immunoassay. Serial renal and liver function tests and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were monitored. The mean trough levels of CsA during fluvastatin treatment were 115.6 micrograms/l compared with 114.3 micrograms/l and 113.3 micrograms/l in the baseline and placebo period, respectively. Apart from a small decrease in serum albumin level (from a mean of 38.6 g/l to 37.9 g/l), there were no significant changes in renal and liver functions or CPK levels. No adverse effects were reported. Fluvastatin (20 mg daily) may be used safely without extra monitoring of blood CsA concentrations in renal transplant patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Munchausen's syndrome and cancer.

Munchausen's syndrome is a chronic factitious disorder characterized by frequent hospitalizations, self-inflicted injuries, and dramatic medical histories. People with this condition assume the role of a sick patient and submit to unnecessary invasive, painful, and even dangerous medical procedures. In review of the literature, there have been four reports of patients feigning oncological disease. We admitted a 27-year-old woman who had undergone operative insertion of a Port-A-Cath and multiagent chemotherapy for "advanced ovarian cancer." Physicians should be aware of Munchausen's syndrome in order to avoid costly medical procedures and unnecessary operations and to stop the patient's vicious circle of pathological lying and self-inflicted injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effects of acute exercise on the changes of lipid profiles and peroxides, prostanoids, and platelet activation in hypercholesterolemic patients before and after treatment.

The effects of acute exercise on the changes of plasma lipid profiles and peroxides, prostanoids and platelet activation in hypercholesterolemic patients before and after pravastatin 5 mg twice daily treatment for 4 weeks was studied in 30 (M/F = 21/9, age = 52 +/- 7, Mean +/- SD) patients with plasma total cholesterol level > 240 mg/dl. Pravastatin significantly reduced plasma total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as expected. All patients before and after treatment and 30 healthy controls performed a treadmill exercise test using the standard Bruce protocol. The cardiac performance was similar in all groups. Treadmill exercise did not influence lipid levels after plasma volume correction. Hypercholesterolemic patients had significantly higher pre-exercise levels of malondialdehyde, thromboxane beta 2 and beta-thromboglobulin than after treatment or than pre-exercise levels in the control group. Treatment with lipid lowering drug pravastatin lowered the levels of these three parameters. At peak exercise, superoxide dismutase activity and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were elevated. At 10 min post exercise only malondialdehyde returned to pre-exercise levels. The superoxide dismutase, thromboxane B2 and beta-thromboglobulin remained significantly higher. In the control subjects plasma beta-thromboglobulin and thromboxane 2 returned to pre-exercise levels. These results suggest that hypercholesterolemia may induce lipid peroxidation and platelet activation in resting status. Lowering of plasma cholesterol of pravastatin causes a concomitant decrease in plasma malondialdehyde, thromboxane and beta-thromboglobulin suggesting a decrease in lipid peroxidation and platelet activation. These changes were more pronounced in the hypercholesterolemic patients. Pravastatin treatment attenuated the increase in both malondialdehyde, beta-thromboglobulin and the prostanoids, but not to the level of normal subjects.

Exercise↗
PubMed1994

Effects of fish oil supplementation on the changes in myocardial cyclic adenosine monophosphate, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and mitochondrial calcium levels during acute coronary occlusion-reperfusion in cholesterol-fed rabbits.

We studied the changes in myocardial second messengers and mitochondrial calcium levels during acute coronary occlusion-reperfusion in New Zealand white male rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet with or without fish oil supplementation. Group I, control rabbits, were fed a standard laboratory rabbit chow. In addition to the standard chow, Group II rabbits received a 1% cholesterol-enriched diet for 2 weeks, while Group III rabbits were fed a 1% cholesterol and 10% fish oil supplemented diet for 2 weeks. Acute coronary occlusion for 10 min or 1 h was induced by ligating the marginal branch of the left circumflex coronary artery. The vessel was then reperfused for 1 or 4 h in short- and long-term ischemia studies respectively. In the short-term ischemia study, myocardial samples taken from the cholesterol-fed rabbits had the highest cyclic adenosine monophosphate, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and mitochondrial calcium levels among the normal (nonischemic) and the ischemic areas of the three groups. The cholesterol and fish oil treated rabbits significantly suppressed the elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (P < 0.05 compared with the cholesterol-fed rabbits in normal and ischemic areas respectively), but did not significantly attenuate the elevation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and calcium levels. In the long-term ischemia study, the cholesterol-fed rabbits had the highest levels of these three messengers among the normal areas. However, only inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate level reached statistical significance (P < 0.05 compared with control). This group of rabbits had the lowest level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, but the highest inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and calcium levels among the ischemic areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Morphological evidence for the antiatherogenic effect of scoparone in hyperlipidaemic diabetic rabbits.

OBJECTIVE: Scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin), a coumarin isolated from a hypolipidaemic Chinese herb Artemisia scoparia, has vasodilator and antiproliferative activities and possesses free radical scavenging properties in vitro. The aim of the study was to investigate the morphological effects of scoparone in the antiatherogenic process in vivo by using hyperlipidaemic diabetic rabbits as an animal model. METHODS: Male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three groups: control (normal), hyperlipidaemic diabetic, and scoparone treated hyperlipidaemic diabetic. The plasma concentration of total cholesterol and triglycerides were determined. The thickness of the tunica intima was measured on paraffin sections of the aortas stained with Movat's pentachrome. The aortic samples were also processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Neither the lipid profile in the plasma nor the structures of the aortic wall from the control group showed abnormalities. In contrast, the aortas from the hyperlipidaemic diabetic group showed prominent atherosclerotic plaques. Large numbers of monocytes were found adherent to the luminal surface and a markedly thickened intima filled with many lipid laden foam cells was clearly observed. By comparison, the scoparone treated group showed less advanced atherosclerosis with a lower plasma cholesterol. In the scoparone treated rabbits, the proportion of the aortic surface area covered with macroscopic plaques was 30%, and the thickness of the tunica intima 17%, of that of the non-scoparone treated hyperlipidaemic diabetic rabbits. CONCLUSIONS: Scoparone has an antiatherogenic action in hyperlipidaemic diabetic rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Maternal role in type 2 diabetes mellitus: indirect evidence for a mitochondrial inheritance.

BACKGROUND: The role of mitochondrial inheritance in type 2 diabetes mellitus has received much attention recently. In this study, three existing datasets in Taiwan are analysed to examine this theory. METHODS: Two of the datasets were community surveys and one a hospital case series. Subjects who had information regarding their paternal or maternal diabetic status were selected for the present study. In the first dataset, 745 subjects had information about paternal diabetic status and 765 had information about maternal diabetic status. In the second dataset, 255 and 267 subjects had the paternal and maternal information, respectively. In the third, a total of 3625 subjects had information about both their paternal and maternal diabetic status. Diabetic status of the study subjects was determined by fasting plasma glucose levels and/or oral glucose tolerance test; their parental diabetic status was collected by interview. RESULTS: The three datasets consistently demonstrated a significantly elevated odds ratio (OR) for reporting maternal diabetes (OR = 2.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.12-5.71) in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic subjects. The reporting of paternal diabetes, however, was not significantly different between diabetics and non-diabetics. In addition, the OR for reporting paternal diabetes were not significantly different between groups of different age-at-onset. With respect to maternal history, the OR increased significantly when age-at-onset was younger (test-for-trend P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support mitochondrial inheritance of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the human population. The age-modifying effect was also in accordance with the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation paradigm for degenerative diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Paraffinoma of the penis.

Augmentation of the body contour by localized injection of hard and soft paraffin rose to a zenith of popularity in the early 1900s, whereafter the severe destructive consequences of such injections became widely recognized. However in Korea, these injections are still performed much by nonmedical person. Paraffin or other mineral oil injection into body is no more a useful method to change body contour. We reviewed 26 cases of sclerosing lipogranuloma of penis with complications in recent 13 years after mean 18.5 months from previous injection of paraffin or vaseline. We conclude that the public should be informed of detrimental effects of paraffin injections and that the best treatment of penile paraffinoma is complete excision and appropriate penoplasty.

Adult↗