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Biomedical subjects

Y T Lin

Publications and source records attributed to Y T Lin.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Sex differences in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective analysis of 135 cases.

A retrospective review of 135 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (24 boys and 111 girls) under age 18 at the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) from 1989 to 1998 was done. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the differences in the age at diagnosis, clinical, laboratory features and survival among both sexes. The female to male ratio was 4.6:1. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 13.7 years (range, 8y5m-18y) for male patients and 13.7 years (range, 6y1m-18y) for female patients. There was no significant differences in the mean age of diagnosis between the sexes. It was found that there were no significant differences in the clinical and laboratory features between male and female patients except for the prevalence of oral ulcers, alopecia and anti-SSA antibodies which were more frequent in the female group. The cumulative 5- and 10-year survival rates were 80.2% and 65%, respectively; male patients appeared to have a better survival, yet it did not reach any statistical significance. Univariate analysis showed that gender is not a significant factor on prognosis in pediatric SLE. Although abnormal creatinine was associated with poor mortality, it was not statistically significant on multivariate analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Successful arterial switch operation in a low-birth-weight neonate who had transposition of the great arteries and advanced necrotizing enterocolitis.

A low-birth-weight (LBW; 1,940 g) girl was born at the gestational age of 36 weeks without any perinatal insult. Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and interatrial shunt was detected. Stage IIIB necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) developed 46 hours after birth. She received ileostomy and drainage. Arterial switch operation was successfully performed at 23 days of age when her weight was 1,900 g. The enterostomy was successfully repaired at 104 days of age.

Ductus Arteriosus, Patent↗
PubMed1998

Ratings of 830 jobs on 45 characteristics: factor and cluster analyses into age-enhanced, age-neutral and age-counteracted, and age-impaired categories.

The current study measured the critical elements of jobs and characterized the jobs' suitability for aging workers based on ratings of those elements. The sample consisted of 830 job titles collected by the Employment and Vocational Training Administration in Taiwan. For each job the ratings of 45 specific variables, falling into three major classes, were factor analyzed, using principal components analysis with varimax rotation. A nine-factor solution explained 50.1% of the variance. Using a nonhierarchical clustering procedure, 830 jobs were classified into three homogeneous clusters which were significantly different on nine factors except for Manual Dexterity. Mapping the ratings on the 9 factors and the characteristics of aging workers, the four job clusters were defined as Age-enhanced, Age-neutral, and Age-counteracted, and Age-impaired to describe the suitability for aging workers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Microbiologically induced corrosion of aluminum alloys in fuel-oil/aqueous system.

To investigate the microbiologically induced corrosion of aluminum alloys in fuel-oil/aqueous system, aluminum alloys A356, AA 5052, AA 5083 and AA 6061 were chosen as the test alloys and Cladosporium and several fuel-oil contaminated microbes isolated in Taiwan were used as test organisms. Aluminum alloy AA 5083 in fuel-oil/aqueous system was the most susceptible material for microbial corrosion, then followed by aluminum alloys AA 5052 and A356, and AA 6061 was more resistant to microbial aggression. Mixed culture had high capability of corrosion, then followed by Penicillium sp. AM-F5, Fusarium sp. AM-F1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AM-B5, Ps. fluorescens AM-B9, C. resinae ATCC 22712, Penicillium sp. AM-F2, Candida sp. AM-Y1 and Ps. aeruginosa AM-B11. From energy dispersive spectrometer analysis, aluminum and magnesium contents decreased in the corrosion area, while chlorine and sulfur contents increased. The major organic acid produced in fuel-oil/aqueous system was acetic acid, and the total organic acids content had a positive correlation with the degree of microbial corrosion.

Alloys↗
PubMed1998

Evolution of dilated cardiomyopathy from hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in a child.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are two different diseases and have distinct etiologies. HCM is rare in children and rarely progresses to DCM. We report a 5-year-old Taiwanese girl with a definite diagnosis of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The diagnosis was based on echocardiograms, cardiac catheterization, and endomyocardial biopsy. However, the clinical features progressed to a picture of nonobstructive HCM at age 9, and the patient developed dilated poorly contractile ventricles with intractable congestive heart failure at age 10. She died from ventricular tachycardia at age 13. This report emphasizes the importance of periodic reevaluation for children with HCM.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗
PubMed1998

Space changes after premature loss of the mandibular primary first molar: a longitudinal study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the space changes after premature loss of the primary mandibular first molar. Twenty-one children (12 boys and 9 girls), with premature loss of the primary mandibular first molar, were selected from the children's dental clinic for this study. The age ranged from 5.1 to 7.2 years with an average of 6 years and 11 months. Mandibular study casts were made from alginate impression for each initial examination and a follow-up examination eight months later. Four measurements including D+E (first and second primary molars) space, arch width, arch length and arch perimeter were tested for comparisons between the initial examination and the follow-up examination eight months later. The D+E space of intact primary molars served as a control. The results showed that the D+E space on the extraction side after the follow-up examination eight months later was significantly shorter than the control side (p = 0.025) and less than the initial D+E space (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences on arch width, arch length, and arch perimeter between the initial examination and the follow-up examination eight months later (p > 0.05). It is concluded that the space change after the eruption of the first permanent molar in the mandible is mostly distal movement of the primary cuspid during the early stage of premature loss of the primary first molar.

Child↗
PubMed1997

The interactions of paeoniflorin and veratrine on isolated rat atria.

In this study, we attempted to identify the interactions and mechanisms between veratrine and paeoniflorin on isolated rat atria. Paeoniflorin alone showed no effect on the rat atria. Veratrine increased the atrial contraction and induced arrhythmia at 1 x 10(-5) g/ml. Veratrine could directly induce contraction and elicit tetanic contraction at 1 x 10(-4) g/ml in the left atria with or without electric stimulation. Paeoniflorin (4.8 x 10(-6) to 4.8 x 10(-3) g/ml), verapamil (2.2 x 10(-6) g/ml), tetrodotoxin (TTX) (3.2 x 10(-8) g/ml) and quinidine (7.5 x 10(-6) g/ml) inhibited the increase of contraction and delayed the onset of contraction induced by veratrine (1 x 10(-5) g/ml). The inhibitory effect of paeoniflorin combined with verapamil on the contraction induced by veratrine was more potent than that of paeoniflorin or verapamil alone. However, the inhibitory effect of paeoniflorin was not potentiated by TTX or quinidine. From the above results, the contraction evoked by veratrine in the rat atria may be concluded to be caused by the stimulation of Na(+)- and Ca(2+)-ion channels. The inhibition of paeoniflorin on the contraction induced by veratrine may primarily be related to the blockade of Ca2+ channels.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Vanidilol: a vanilloid-type vasorelaxant and ocular hypotensive beta-adrenoceptor blocker with partial beta-2-agonist activity.

Vanidilol, [4'-(2-hydroxy-3-(tert-butylamino)propoxy)-3'-methoxyphenyl] -benzaldehyde, newly synthesized from vanillin, is a vanilloid-type beta-adrenoceptor blocker. The beta-adrenoceptor-blocking properties of vanidilol were studied both in vivo and in vitro. Intravenous injection of vanidilol (1.0, 3.0, 5.0 mg/kg) in anesthetized Wistar rats produced a decrease in blood pressure and a dose-dependent bradycardia response. Vanidilol inhibited the tachycardia effects induced by (-)isoproterenol, but had no blocking effect on the arterial pressor responses induced by phenylephrine. In isolated guinea-pig tissues, vanidilol attenuated the (-)isoproterenol-induced positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of the atria and trachea relaxation responses in a concentration-dependent manner. The parallel shift to the right of the concentration-response curve of (-)isoproterenol suggested that the agent was a beta-adrenoceptor competitive antagonist. The apparent pA2 values for vanidilol on the right atria, left atria and trachea were 7.67 +/- 0.03, 7.89 +/- 1.02 and 7.66 +/- 0.15, respectively, denoting that vanidilol was a nonselective beta-blocker. The intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of vanidilol and propranolol was determined on isolated atria and trachea from reserpinized guinea pigs. Propranolol caused significantly negative inotropic and chronotropic effects at 10(-6) mol/l or above, whereas vanidilol possessed less cardiodepressant activities than propranolol. In reserpinized tracheal strips, vanidilol produced dose-dependent relaxant responses, but propranolol was ineffective. Preincubating the preparations with ICI 118,551 (0.1-10 nmol/l), a beta 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, significantly shifted the concentration-relaxation curves of vanidilol to a region of higher concentrations. In isolated guinea-pig thoracic aorta, vanidilol (0.1-10 mumol/l) inhibited the phenylephrine (10(-5) mol/l)-induced tonic contraction in vascular smooth muscle which was related to the block of calcium influx. In 20% saline-perfused rabbits, vanidilol showed a marked delay in intraocular pressure recovery, demonstrating an ocular hypotensive action. Binding characteristics of vanidilol and propranolol were evaluated in [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding to porcine ventricular membranes. Vanidilol was less potent than propranolol in competing for the beta-adrenoceptor-binding sites. On the other hand, vanidilol had a high hydrophilicity in comparison with propranolol. In conclusion, vanidilol exhibited nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking, vasorelaxant and ocular hypotensive activities, but was devoid of alpha-adrenoceptor blocking and beta 1-agonist activity. Partial beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist activity and inhibitory activity on calcium influx may share in the vasorelaxant activity.

Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists↗
PubMed1997

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in childhood.

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) offers the only potential for long-term control of chronic myelogenous leukemia. From November 1992 to August 1994, we prospectively studied five pediatric patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia, a unique finding in Taiwan, who were treated with allogeneic BMT at different stages of the disease. Their ages at diagnosis ranged from 2 to 10 years. Four donors were HLA-matched siblings and the other was an HLA-matched unrelated donor. All patients received busulfan (4 mg/kg/day for 4 days) followed by cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg/day for 2 successive days) as the conditioning regimen. Engraftment was documented within 22 days after transplantation in all five patients. Two out of the four patients in the sibling donor group, both of whom had BMT in the first chronic phase, achieved event-free survival after follow-up for 41 months and 17 months. The other two patients, who had BMT in the second lymphoblastic crisis and the second chronic phase, died within 6 months after transplantation due to lymphoid blastic crisis and complication of cytomegaloviral pneumonitis, respectively. The patient who received marrow from the unrelated donor underwent BMT in the accelerated phase and died within 6 months after transplantation due to myeloid blastic crisis. In conclusion, allogeneic BMT performed in the first chronic phase of childhood Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia seems to have better results than BMT after the first chronic phase.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1997

Treatment of unilateral crossbite using modified palatal arch: case report.

Severe unilateral crossbite was diagnosed in a five-year and five-month Taiwanese girl. Clinical examination presented left posterior and anterior crossbites resulting in significant dental and facial midline deviations. Early intervention was recommended in this case for severe functional shift which might induce facial asymmetry. The unilateral crossbite was successfully treated using modified palatal arch with finger springs. The patient has shown stable occlusion and no midline deviation after six years of follow-up.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1997

A survey on dental caries in schoolchildren on Lanyu Island.

BACKGROUND: Lanyu Island has approximately 3000 inhabitants, mainly Yami aborigines. No survey of dental caries in schoolchildren has been done on this isolated island during the past decade. The purposes of this study were to investigate the prevalence of caries in schoolchildren on Lanyu and compare the results with the rest of Taiwan. METHODS: A total of 289 schoolchildren (152 boys and 137 girls) aged 4 to 12 on Lanyu Island, were selected for this study. The dental examinations were done by 2 senior pediatric dentists using flashlight, dental mirrors and explorers during 4 days of examination. The survey included caries prevalence rate, restorative index, and mean scores for deft, DMFT, defs, and DMFS. Mean scores for carious teeth by type of surface and sex differences for deft and DMFT were also checked. RESULTS: The results showed that Lanyu schoolchildren had a high caries prevalence rate (94.5%) and a low restorative index (5.75%). The mean scores of deft, DMFT, defs, and DMFS for all schoolchildren were 5.38 +/- 4.50, 1.67 +/- 2.22, 12.18 +/- 11.64, and 2.42 +/- 3.89, respectively. There were no significant sex differences in the overall mean scores of deft (p = 0.557) and DMFT (p = 0.151). CONCLUSION: The data showed that the caries prevalence of Lanyu schoolchildren was as high as other Taiwanese schoolchildren. For the caries prevalence in deciduous teeth, the scores were even worse than the Taiwan average. This study will provide a baseline for future oral health policies on Lanyu Island.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Paralytic shellfish poisoning in southern China.

The rapidly expanding mariculture and commercial region along the southern coast of China has experienced sporadic outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning for nearly 30 years, yet virtually nothing is known of the nature of that toxicity or of the causative organisms. This study presents the first direct comparisons of the high performance liquid chromatography toxin composition profiles of shellfish implicated in paralytic shellfish poisoning outbreaks in Daya Bay with Alexandrium tamarense cultures established from those waters. The three cultures that were analyzed produced an unusually high proportion of the low potency N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins C1 and C2 (nearly 90% of the total), and only trace quantities of the other saxitoxin derivatives. Total toxicity was thus very low with mild acid extraction, ranging between 7.2 and 12.7 fmole cell-1, or 0.7-0.9 pg saxitoxin equiv. cell-1. Following acid hydrolysis using the standard AOAC extraction method, the dominant toxins in the cultures were gonyautoxins 2 and 3 and decarbamoyl gonyautoxins 2 and 3. Total potency increased fourfold to 2.6-3.4 pg saxitoxin equiv. cell-1 following acid hydrolysis. These cultures are thus at the low end of the range of toxicities recorded for members of the A. tamarense species complex. Two scallop samples and one mussel sample collected from Daya Bay during paralytic shellfish poisoning episodes in 1990 and 1991 were also analyzed following the AOAC extraction procedure. The toxin profiles were similar for the three shellfish samples, in that the same suite of toxins were present in each, but the relative proportion of those toxins varied. The dominant toxins were gonyautoxins 2 and 3 and toxins C1-C4. Total toxicity was 336 and 654 micrograms saxitoxin per 100 g meat for the scallop samples, and 723 for the mussels. Toxins C3,4 were present in the shellfish at up to 22 mole%, but were not detected in cultures, even when mild acid was used for extraction. Despite the otherwise similar nature of the culture versus the shellfish toxin signatures, the presence of C3,4 indicates that another strain or species of Alexandrium, or possibly a paralytic shellfish poisoning-producing species of another genus was responsible for the 1990 and 1991 paralytic shellfish poisoning outbreaks in Daya Bay. Since the cultures analyzed were of low intrinsic toxicity, A. tamarense may be more widespread along the south coast of China than is suggested by the sporadic pattern of past paralytic shellfish poisoning outbreaks. Blooms with high cell density are required to generate sufficient toxin to be dangerous. The alarming increase in algal blooms in Chinese waters due to persistent and growing pollution may make these low toxicity populations more problematic in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Vasomolol: an ultra short-acting and vasorelaxant vanilloid type beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist.

The ultra-short-acting and vasorelaxant beta 1-adrenoceptor blocking activities of vasomolol, a guaiacoxypropanolamine derivative of vanillic acid ethyl ester, were studied. Vasomolol (0.5, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg intravenously, i.v.) produced a dose-dependent bradycardia response and demonstrated particularly a hypotensive action with an ultra-short-acting property in pentobarbital-anesthetized normotensive rats. Vasomolol's steady state of beta-blockade was attained < or = 10 min after initial infusion, and a rapid recovery from blockade occurred after discontinuation of the infusion, although intravenous infusion of vasomolol (300 micrograms/kg/min) could not inhibit pressor responses induced by (-)phenylephrine (10 micrograms/kg i.v.). In isolated rat thoracic aorta, vasomolol (1-10 microM) inhibited vascular smooth muscle contractions induced by both (-)phenylephrine (10(-5) M) and high K+ (75 mM) concentration dependently. This inhibitory effect of vasomolol was more sensitive on K(+)-induced than on (-)phenylephrine-induced contractions, suggesting that the block of Ca2+ influx may involve the major mechanism of vasorelaxation. In isolated guinea pig tissues, vasomolol (0.01-10 microM) antagonized the (-)isoproterenol (ISO)-induced positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of the atria and tracheal relaxation responses in a concentration-dependent manner. The parallel shift to the right of the concentration-response curve of (-)ISO suggested that vasomolol was a beta-adrenoceptor competitive antagonist. The effect of vasomolol was more potent on atria than on tracheal tissues, indicating that it possesses beta 1-adrenoceptor selectivity. In addition, vasomolol did not show intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA). Moreover, the binding characteristics of vasomolol were evaluated in [3H]dihydroalprenolol ([3H]DHA) binding to porcine ventricular membranes. Vasomolol was an ultra-short-acting and highly selective beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist with vasorelaxant activity and is devoid of ISA.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

Capsinolol: the first beta-adrenoceptor blocker with an associated calcitonin gene-related peptide releasing activity in the heart.

1. The beta-adrenoceptor blocking and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-releasing properties of capsinolol (N-[4-(2-hydroxy-3 (isopropylamino) propoxy)-3-methoxybenzyl]-nonanamide), derived from nonivamide, were investigated under in vivo and in vitro conditions. 2. Capsinolol (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg kg-1, i.v.), as well as (+/-)-propranolol, produced a dose-dependent bradycardia response and a temporary pressor action in urethane-anaesthetized normotensive Wistar rats. These cardiovascular effects were different from the vagus reflex and parasympathetic efferent effects shown by capsaicin (0.1 mg kg-1, i.v.) in the rat. 3. Capsinolol (1.0 mg kg-1) inhibited the tachycardia effects induced by (-)-isoprenaline, but had no blocking effect on the arterial pressor responses induced by (-)-phenylephrine. The findings suggest that capsinolol possesses beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity, but it has no alpha-adrenoceptor blocking activity. 4. In guinea-pig isolated tissues, capsinolol (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) antagonized (-)-isoprenaline-induced positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of the atria and tracheal relaxation responses in a concentration-dependent manner. The parallel shift to the right of the concentration-response curve of (-)-isoprenaline suggests capsinolol is a beta-adrenoceptor competitive antagonist. 5. Capsinolol (10(-5) to 10(-4) M) exhibited a positive cardiotonic effect that was not inhibited by (+/-)-propranolol and reserpine, but was inhibited by capsazepine (10(-6) M) and CGRP8-37 (10(-6) M). This effect was independent of intrinsic sympathomimetic effects. 6. An immunoassay of released CGRP from guinea-pig isolated perfused heart indicated that capsinolol increases the release of CGRP and thus produces positive cardiotonic effects. 7. In conclusion, capsinolol is a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with capsaicin-like cardiotonic properties unrelated to traditional intrinsic sympathomimetic effects. It is suggested that capsinolol causes CGRP release from cardiac sensory neurones via a non-adrenergic mechanism and then activates CGRP receptors on cardiac muscle.

Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

Effect of vapor phase corrosion inhibitor on microbial corrosion of aluminum alloys.

Vapor phase corrosion inhibitors were used to investigate the antimicrobial activities and anticorrosion of aluminum alloy. Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. versicolor, Chaetomium globosum and Penicillium funiculosum had moderate to abundant growth on the aluminum alloy AA 1100 at Aw 0.901, while there was less growth at Aw 0.842. High humidity stimulated microbial growth and induced microbial corrosion. Dicyclohexylammonium carbonate had a high inhibitory effect on the growth of test fungi and the microbial corrosion of aluminum alloy, dicyclohexylammonium caprate and dicyclohexylammonium stearate were the next. Aluminum alloy coating with vapor phase corrosion inhibitor could prevent microbial growth and retard microbial corrosion.

Alloys↗
PubMed1996

Microbial corrosion of aluminum alloy.

Several microbes were isolated from the contaminated fuel-oil in Taiwan and the microbial corrosion of aluminum alloy A356-T6 was tested by MIL-STD-810E test method. Penicillium sp. AM-F5 and Cladosporium resinac ATCC 22712 had significant adsorption and pitting on the surface of aluminum alloy, Pseudomonas acruginosa AM-B5 had weak adsorption and some precipitation in the bottom, and Candida sp. AM-Y1 had the less adsorption and few cavities formation on the surface. pH of the aqueous phase decreased 0.3 to 0.7 unit for 4 months of incubation. The corrosion of aluminum alloy was very significant in the cultures of Penicillium sp. AM-F2, Penicillium sp. AM-F5 and C. resinac ATCC 22712. The major metabolites in the aqueous phase with the inoculation of C. resinac were citric acid and oxalic acid, while succinic acid and fumaric acid were the minors.

Alloys↗