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Biomedical subjects

Y Tachibana

Publications and source records attributed to Y Tachibana.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Intravesical combination chemotherapy with mitomycin C and doxorubicin for superficial bladder cancer: a randomized trial of maintenance versus no maintenance following a complete response.

Between November 1986 and April 1989, 101 patients with superficial bladder cancer were treated with intravesical instillations of mitomycin C on day 1 and doxorubicin on day 2 of each week for 5 consecutive weeks. Of 61 complete responders, 23 patients with carcinoma in situ and 28 with papillary cancer were randomly assigned to a non-maintenance group or to a group receiving maintenance therapy consisting of monthly instillations of the same drugs for 12 months. The 2-year non-recurrence rate calculated for patients with carcinoma in situ was significantly better in the maintenance group than in the non-maintenance group. A similar tendency was observed for patients with papillary cancer, although the difference was not significant. Side effects were considerable, with moderate to severe bladder irritation occurring in approximately half of the patients. In addition to our previous findings, the present results indicate that this intravesical combination chemotherapy is effective in eliminating superficial bladder cancers and that since the effect is not durable, even in complete responders, maintenance therapy is necessary to reduce subsequent tumor recurrence.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1992

Mitogenic activities in the protein fractions of crude drugs.

Eighteen different crude drugs were extracted with hot water and saline, and protein fractions were prepared from the extracts by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Mitogenic activities of the protein fractions were examined both on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and on mouse spleen cells. Potent mitogenic activities for both human and/or mouse lymphocytes were found in the protein fractions of four crude drugs, namely, Bupleuri radix, Pinelliae tuber, Sophorae radix, and Zedoariae rhizoma. Target specificities of these mitogens were investigated by using isolated T and B cells and lymphocytes from athymic nude mice. Sensitivity to protease digestion as well as water-soluble, ammonium sulfate precipitable nature assures that the substances responsible for the mitogenic activities are proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Origin and disposal of 1,5-anhydroglucitol, a major polyol in the human body.

The origin and disposal of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (AG), one of the main polyols found in the human body, was studied in normal subjects and diabetic patients. AG was detected in various kinds of foods. The mean AG supplement through foods was estimated to be approximately 4.38 mg/day, which was compatible with that calculated in a food analysis (average 0.22 mg AG/100 kcal in Japanese foods) on eight healthy subjects. The mean AG excretion in urine was approximately 4.76 mg/day in these subjects. Excretion into stools was negligible. From observations on the patients without oral supplement of AG, 0.4 mg of daily de novo synthesis of AG was strongly suggested. It was also implied that urinary AG excretion occurred soon after food ingestion and that its amount was closely correlated with daily supplement through foods. Thus the fundamental kinetics of AG were recognized as follows: 1) AG in the body originates mainly from foods and is well absorbed in the intestine, 2) AG is little degraded and metabolized in the body, and 3) an equilibrium exists between oral supplement plus a small but steady amount of de novo synthesis and excretion in urine.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Radiotherapy for stage B prostate cancer].

Thirty five cases with stage B prostate cancer underwent radiotherapy to the primary lesion from 1965 to 1989 in our hospital. Twenty two of them were given radiotherapy alone and 13 were treated by radiotherapy combined with hormone therapy. Twenty nine of them were given 113 or 127 TDF (Time, Dose and Fraction) of external radiotherapy using linear accelerator. Three of the other 6 cases underwent external radiotherapy combined with administration of bleomycin and the others received intraoperative irradiation by electron beam. We defined on digital examination a reduction in the primary lesion as improvement and complete flattening as atrophy for evaluation of the treatment. Rates of the improvement were 95% in radiation, alone, and 100% in hormone and radiation combination. Atrophy rates were 62% in the former, and 92% in the latter. Five-year non-relapse rates were 85% and 100%, respectively. Four cases relapsed in the radiotherapy alone group, in which two cases given intraoperative irradiation relapsed in the primary lesion and another two given external radiotherapy in the pelvic nodes and required further treatment. One of the 2 relapsed cases with intraoperative irradiation has been alive with cancer and the other died from dissemination. One of the 2 relapsed cases with external radiotherapy has been alive and well and the other died at home without any information of death. One relapsed in the combination group at 130 months but has been alive despite gradually progressive dissemination for 185 months. All relapsed cases were those with atrophy group. No relapse was seen in cases without atrophy of the prostate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Intra-arterial COMPA chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer].

We presented 12 patients with invasive bladder cancer treated by the subselective intra-arterial COMPA chemotherapy. COMPA was administered up to an average of 3.3 courses (ranged from 2 to 6 courses) every 2 or 3 weeks, consisting of cisplatin: 15 mg/M2 on days 4 and 5; vincristine (oncovin): 0.6 mg/M2 on days 1 and 2; methotrexate: 5 mg/M2 on days 2 and 3; peplomycin: 5 mg/body on days 1, 2 and 3; and adriamycin: 10 mg/M2 on day 4. These were injected through a teflon catheter the tip of which was placed just proximal to the aortic bifurcation, and another tip was led through a subcutaneous tunnel from the inguinally punctured area to the anterior chest wall. The 12 patients, 7 men and 5 women, ranged in age from 53 to 73 (mean: 67) years. Histopathologically 11 had transitional cell carcinoma and one had adenocarcinoma. Malignant gradings were grade 2 in 8 patients, and grade 3 in 4. The stagings were T2 in 3 patients, T3 in 5, T4 in 4 and only one had bony metastasis. Of the 12 patients, 10 were alive at the last follow-up with a mean duration of 36 months (range: 16 to 49). Six patients achieved a complete remission, four achieved a partial remission and two were stable. One died of ileus after 16 months and another of progression after 36 months. All the patients received post-chemotherapeutic adjunctive therapies, which were transurethral resection, partial cystectomy, radiation and/or intravesical instillation. The toxicities were not severe, but anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, numbness of fingers and/or toes, subileus, and leukopenia were noticed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Attitudes related to work of adolescents in the United Kingdom and Japan.

This study was designed to provide data for notions that differences in achievement motivation in different nations may contribute to differences in national rates of economic growth. The nations investigated were the United Kingdom and Japan as representatives of low and high rates of economic growth in the decades after the end of World War II. Data were collected from college students for motivations and attitudes related to work. British students had higher achievement motivation, while Japanese students had higher competitiveness motivation and strong money beliefs. Differences in career preference between the nations were also presented. The relationship between motivations and attitudes to work with career preference were examined for each nation.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

[Macroscopic tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma].

Prognosis of 114 patients treated for renal cell carcinoma from 1972 to 1988 was investigated to evaluate intravenous tumor extension as a prognostic factor. Those in whom presence or absence of macroscopic tumor thrombus was not confirmed were not included in the current patient group. Tumor stages were evaluated according to TNM criteria except that intravenous tumor thrombus was not counted for local staging. Incidence of T3 and T4 tumors, distant metastasis and grade 3 anaplasia (G3) were higher in V+ group (V1 + V2) than in V0 group, which appeared to be a major difference of background making 5-year actuarial survival rates in V1 and V2 patient groups worse than in V0. Therefore, 5-year actuarial survival rates in N0 and M0 cases receiving radical nephrectomy were compared and found 83.3% in V2 group, 54.4% in V1 and 87.3% in V0. Since V1 group included G3 tumors more frequently than the other two groups, 5-year survival rates were further compared after excluding those with G3 tumors and found to be identical among V0, V1 and V2 groups. The current results indicate that macroscopic intravenous extension of renal cell carcinoma is an accompanied phenomenon secondary to high grade and invasive tumors and therefore, not a primary risk factor for prognosis. Accordingly, it is questionable to regard macroscopic tumor thrombus itself as a risk factor for clinical staging.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A case of adrenomyeloneuropathy with marked spinal cord atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging].

A 29-year-old man complained of increasing paraplegia and sphincter disturbances. On admission, he was 23 years old. He had moderate pigmentation of the skin, and his neurological examinations revealed spastic paraplegia, hyperreflexia of both legs with Babinski's signs, a pinprick sensation deficit below the L-1 level, loss of vibration sense in the lower extremities and horizontal nystagmus on lateral gaze. Endocrinological examinations revealed adrenocortical insufficiency. CSF, EEG, EMG, brain-CT and myelography did not show any abnormalities, but metrizamide CT myelography at the low thoracic spinal cord revealed decreased cord diameter. Nerve conduction velocities showed impairment in the tibial and peroneal motor fibers. Auditory brain-stem response revealed elongated III-V interval. A cystometrogram disclosed a reflex neurogenic bladder. In the analysis of the fatty acid component of plasma sphingomyelin, the C26/C22, C25/C22, C24/C22 ratios were found to be increased, and the diagnosis of adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) was confirmed. The patient's mother was also found to be asymptomatic carrier of AMN on the basis of long chain fatty acid plasma levels. The MRI performed in his age of 29 years, showed marked spinal atrophy from low cervical to low thoracic regions and mild cerebellar atrophy. This findings seems to correspond with chronic progressive demyelination of spinal white matter such as pyramidal tract and fasciculus gracilis.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1990

Purification of an endothelin receptor from human placenta.

We have identified an endothelin (ET) binding protein on the membranes of human placenta and purified it to homogeneity. It is a polypeptide with an apparent Mol. Wt. of 40,000 and is a major protein to be labeled by cross-linking with either 125I-ET-1, -2, or -3. Binding studies with Scatchard analysis indicated the presence of a single class, high-affinity binding site with Kds of 57 pM, 480 pM and 40 nM for 125I-labeled ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3, respectively. These results suggest that the 40K protein is a major ET receptor in placenta and, most likely, can bind differentially to ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1990

Special etiologies in the classification of epilepsy--with special reference to brain malformations.

I analyzed 18 cases of brain malformations detected by autopsy and five cases of lissencephaly diagnosed by CT scan or MRI. 1) Autopsy Cases Brain malformations were highly complicated, and many cases showed more than one type of brain malformation. Epileptic seizures were observed in 13 of 18 cases. In most cases, the seizures were characterized by infantile onset, a high incidence of tonic seizures and difficulties in controlling them. 2) Patients with Lissencephaly They all had severely retarded psychomotor development. Tonic seizures were observed in all the five patients, two of whom had a past history of infantile spasms. The EEG patterns of these patients were varied. It is thought that a relationship exists between the severity of CT or MRI findings and that of EEG findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Meniscus transplantation using a cryopreserved allograft--an experimental study in the rabbit].

In twenty rabbits with completion of bone growth, the medial meniscus was replaced with an allograft meniscus that had been preserved at -80 degrees C for 6 to 14 days. As a control, the medial meniscus was removed and reattached without cryopreservation in 14 rabbits. Replaced menisci were examined histologically and microangiographically. Allografted menisci were found to attach to the capsule at 4 weeks. However, the attachments of the anterior and posterior horns were not stable in the majority of rabbits, because the nylon thread for anchoring was broken in these cases. There was osteophyte formation on the medial tibial plateau and the medial femoral condyle. Histological examinations revealed proliferation of vascularized synovial tissue along the meniscal surface and invasion of para-meniscal connective tissue into the meniscal substance. Chondrocytes showed regeneration in the superficial layer at 12 weeks. This study has demonstrated that cryopreserved meniscal allograft was capable of regeneration. The osteophyte formation of the medial femoral condyle and the tibial plateau appears to be produced by the abnormally unstable transplanted meniscus resulting from the insufficient anchorage of anterior and/or posterior horns.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Urinary glycopeptides of fucosidosis.

Fucosidosis is unique among congenital exoglycosidase deficiencies, because not only oligosaccharides but large amount of glycopeptides are excreted in the urine. The structures of 22 major glycopeptides isolated from urine of a fucosidosis patient were determined. One of the prominent features common to all these glycopeptides was that they all contain 1 fucosyl residue at either C-3 or C-6 position of the N-acetylglucosamine which is linked to asparagine. Possibly, accumulation of glycopeptides in fucosidosis urine is caused by the inability of human endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase to cleave the asparagine-linked sugar chains, which have a fucose at the innermost N-acetylglucosamine residue.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1979

[Chromosome changes induced by industrial chemicals (author's transl)].

Radiation-induced chromosome damage has been widely recognized and intensively studied. Recently, attention is placed on chromosome changes induced by various industrial chemicals. In case of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, chromosome breaks are characterized as one of the most sensitive biological effects. Chromosome breaks among industrial workers who dealt with benzene, vinyl chloride monomer or styrene have also been reported. Moreover, relationship between chromosome changes and exposure to environmental lead, cadmium and mercury compounds have been studied. Ionizing radiation, benzene and vinyl chloride monomer are known also as industrial carcinogens and attention is now placed on carcinogenicity of clastogens or chromosome breaking agents. In the present paper, our studies on in vitro chromosome breakage induced by benzene and its metabolites as well as cadmium, lead, and chromium compounds are reviewed. Also, inhibition of repair of radiation-induced chromosome breaks by clastogens is reported. Significance of cytogenetic studies in industrial medicine is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Structures of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropin.

The asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropin were released from the polypeptide moiety by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation and NaB3H4 reduction. More than 90% of the released radioactive oligosaccharides contained N-acetylneuraminic acid residues. After removal of N-acetylneuraminic acid residues by sialidase treatment, two neutral oligosaccharide fractions were obtained by paper chromatography. Sequential exoglycosidase digestion revealed that one of them was a mixture of two neutral oligosaccharides. The complete structures of the three oligosaccharides were elucidated by methylation analysis. It was confirmed that all the N-acetylneuraminic acid residues of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropin occur as NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal groupings by comparing the methylation analysis data for the acidic oligosaccharide mixture before and after sialidase treatment. Based on these results, the structures of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human chorionic gonadotropin were confirmed to be +/- NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 6(NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4(+/- Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6)GlcNAc and Man alpha 1 leads to 6(NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3 Gal beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc beta 1 leads to Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc.

Asparagine↗