A method for the preparation of microskin grafts using skin-graft meshers.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Tai
Publications and source records attributed to Y Tai.
Changes in annexin I and II levels during the postnatal development of rat pancreatic islets.
The expression patterns and the dynamic changes in content of both annexin I and annexin II in the rat pancreatic islets during postnatal development were investigated by both western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical methods clearly demonstrated the presence of annexins I and II exclusively in pancreatic islets, while exocrine tissues were not stained by anti-annexin antibodies. Pancreatic islets were diffusely stained with no specific differences in distribution between different cell types. The expression of annexin I in pancreatic islets gradually increased with postnatal development. A developmental study of annexins I and II by western blot analysis essentially supported the results obtained by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the increasing expression of two protein tyrosine kinases, epidermal growth factor-receptor/kinase and pp60src, which phosphorylate annexin I and annexin II, respectively, and of protein kinase C, which phosphorylates both proteins, was also shown during postnatal development in rat pancreatic islets. Thus, a relationship between the expression of annexins I and II and the maturation of islet cell function is suggested.
Actins↗
Involvement of annexin I and annexin II in hepatocyte proliferation: can annexins I and II be markers for proliferative hepatocytes?
Annexin is the name of a new family of Ca(2+)-dependent membrane-binding proteins. Eleven types of its related proteins have been reported to date. Among those, annexin I and annexin II have been reported to possess many biological functions in vitro. Its actual role in vivo, however, is yet unknown. The involvement of annexin I and annexin II in the proliferation processes of hepatocytes was examined in the following aspects: (a) hepatocyte proliferation after carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage, (b) hepatocyte regeneration after partial hepatectomy and (c) postnatal development of hepatocytes. These results showed collectively that annexin I and annexin II were increased in proliferative (or regenerative) hepatocytes, suggesting that both proteins play a certain role in the proliferation event. Furthermore, annexin I- and annexin II-positive hepatocytes always show a wider distribution than that of proliferating cell nuclear antigen or cytokeratin 7-positive hepatocytes, indicating that annexin I and annexin II may be useful markers for detecting not only actively proliferating hepatocytes but also hepatocytes in preproliferative and postproliferative stages.
Animals↗
A retrospective study of 66 esophageal reconstructions using microvascular anastomoses: problems and our methods for atypical cases.
We have studied 66 patients who underwent esophageal reconstruction using microvascular anastomoses. This series comprises 28 patients with reconstruction using a free jejunal interposition between the pharynx and the cervical esophagus following pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy for hypopharyngeal carcinoma and 38 atypical patients in whom other methods of reconstruction were used. Successful transfer was achieved in 98.5 percent (65 of 66). Issues concerning atypical reconstruction and our procedures in these cases are discussed. In order to obtain adequate tension in the jejunum on the anal side, in particular, since the anastomosis is located in a deep or narrow space, autosuture instruments were used. The anastomotic leakage rate was 2.8 percent (1 of 36); the stenosis rate was 2.8 percent (1 of 36). To prevent necrosis in the trachea, a greater omentum flap was used in three patients, a mesenterium flap in two, and a pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap in one. There were no significant complications. In patients with a short gastric pedicle or in those in whom a double cancer occurred in the hypopharynx and thoracic esophagus, a gastric pedicle and a free jejunum flap were used together. As a result of this method, the incidence of any reflux of digestive juice was reduced to 0 percent (0 of 6). To reduce the possibility of an ischemic complication at the oral end of the colonic pedicle, we added a microvascular anastomosis of the colonic pedicle, thereby reducing both leakage [0 percent (0 of 9)] and necrosis [0 percent (0 of 9)]. These procedures involving microvascular anastomoses have reduced the incidence of complications in esophageal reconstructions.
Anastomosis, Surgical↗
Leaching of nickel, chromium, and beryllium ions from base metal alloy in an artificial oral environment.
The use of base metal alloys in dentistry has gained wide popularity in recent years. However, claims of their safety have not been universally accepted. An artificial oral environment capable of reproducing three-dimensional force-movement cycles of human mastication was used to determine whether nickel, chromium, and beryllium ions were leached from base metal alloy. Twelve pairs of crowns were articulated in the following combinations: metal versus metal, metal versus enamel, metal versus porcelain, and metal versus metal without chewing as a control. In a simulated 1-year period of mastication, the results showed that nickel and beryllium metals were released both by dissolution and occlusal wear. These findings suggest that if these conditions occur in the oral cavity, the stability of base-metal alloys is subject to question. Further studies are needed to determine whether the leaching reported has long-term consequences for patients receiving base metal restorations.
Analysis of Variance↗
NAD(P)H-dependent chromium (VI) reductase of Pseudomonas ambigua G-1: a Cr(V) intermediate is formed during the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III).
An NAD(P)H-dependent Cr(VI) reductase (molecular weight = 65,000) was purified from a Cr(VI)-resistant bacterium, Pseudomonas ambigua G-1. Stoichiometric analysis of the enzymatic reaction showed that the enzyme catalyzed the reduction of 1 mol of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) while consuming 3 mol of NADH as an electron donor. Chromium(VI) was reduced to Cr(V) by one equivalent NADH molecule in the absence of the enzyme. Electron spin resonance analysis showed that Cr(V) species (g = 1.979) was formed during the enzymatic reduction. The amount of Cr(V) species formed was about 10 times larger than that of the nonezymatic reduction. These findings show that the Cr(VI) reductase reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III) with at least two reaction steps via Cr(V) as an intermediate.
Chromatography, Liquid↗
Esophageal reconstruction using microvascular anastomosis to the thoracoacromial artery and cephalic vein.
For reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus following pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy, free gut transfer revascularized to such cervical vessels as the cervical transverse artery and external jugular vein is commonly performed. However, for reconstruction of the esophagus in the cervicothoracic junction or anterior to the chest wall, using the cervical vessels has more disadvantages than using the vessels in the chest wall. Thus, we developed a method of using the throracoacromial artery and cephalic vein for vascular anastomoses of a free jejunal graft and report herein our results in six cases. Three of these cases underwent reconstruction for an esophageal defect anterior to the chest wall, while the other three underwent reconstruction of the thoracic esophagus using a colonic pedicle graft. Satisfactory results were obtained in five of the six cases. Therefore, we recommend the use of the thoracoacromial artery and cephalic vein in vascular anastomoses during a free gut transfer or colonic pedicle graft for reconstruction of the esophagus anterior to the chest wall.
Anastomosis, Surgical↗
Upper esophagectomy with pharyngolaryngectomy for esophageal carcinoma at the cervicothoracic junction.
The choice remains controversial as to which surgical procedure should be selected for carcinomas situated in the esophagus at the cervicothoracic junction involving the trachea. After mediastinal tracheostomy associated with pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy and thoracic esophagectomy, numerous reports have previously described severe postoperative complications, such as tracheal necrosis and rupture of the great vessels in the neck. To prevent such complications, we have developed the procedure called "upper esophagectomy" followed by a free jejunal graft and mediastinal tracheostomy through either manuburectomy or upper median sternotomy. We have established that this procedure maintains the vascular networks between the trachea and the esophagus, avoids an occurrence of tracheal necrosis or great vessel bleeding postoperatively, and obtains an improved prognosis in the surgical treatment of esophageal carcinoma at the cervicothoracic junction.
Aged↗
Pharyngoesophageal bypass using a free jejunal graft for corrosive stricture--a case report.
The management of corrosive strictures of the esophagus involving the pharynx and/or larynx continues to be a challenge to surgeons. This paper presents a case of a corrosive stricture extending from the hypopharynx to the cervical esophagus associated with complete obstruction of the larynx, which was successfully treated by pharyngoesophageal bypass using a free jejunal graft. Postoperative recovery was smooth without any complications, and swallowing was restored. Three months after the bypass operation, the patient underwent laryngoplasty. Although aspiration occurred immediately after the laryngoplasty, six months later she was again able to tolerate the oral intake of semisolid food without any need for supplementary nutritional support. Reconstruction of a short segment of the pharyngoesophageal stricture by a free jejunal graft restores almost normal swallowing provided that dilatation of the lower esophagus is achieved.
Adult↗
[Free jejunal autograft for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction].
The complications and swallowing functions were studied in eleven patients who had undergone free jejunal autograft reconstruction after total pharyngolaryngectomy and cervical esophagotomy. All patients have had advanced cancers of the hypopharynx or cervical esophagus. Fistula was complicated in three patients (27%), including one (9%) who died of pneumonia. Death or graft necrosis was not complicated in perioperative period. There was no patient with stenosis. Radiation necrosis of the graft and skin occurred six months after post-operative 60 Gy irradiation in one patient. Ten patients of 11 regained swallowing function. An oral diet was started between 9 and 50 post-operative days, with an average of 19 days. The duration of a diet was from 20 to 60 minutes (mean: 37 to 40 minutes). Five patients could take a normal diet, while the another five ate gluel or liquid food. The free jejunal graft reconstruction of pharyngoesophagus was highly safe reliability and an advantage in an early recovery of swallowing function, but it had some problems with regard to post-operative irradiation and swallowing.
Adult↗
[Surgery of the anterior skull base for head and neck tumors].
A total of seven patients with head and neck tumors underwent a surgery of the anterior skull base in combination with an extracranial approach. Two patients had squamous cell carcinoma of the frontal sinus; one, undifferentiated carcinoma of the ethmoid sinus; two, squamous cell carcinoma of the ethmoid sinus; one, olfactory neuroblastoma; and one, recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Two patients, one with frontal sinus carcinoma and one with undifferentiated carcinoma, developed recurrence. The former was treated with a salvage operation and the latter, with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Six patients are alive disease free (4, 5, 6, 8, 27 and 73 months) whereas the other is alive with disease (8 months). One patient developed partial necrosis of the reconstructed bony skull base and another developed enophthalmus and temporary diplopia postoperatively. No serious complications, however, were noted in any cases.
Adult↗
Positive relationship between urinary sodium chloride and blood pressure in Chinese health examinees and its association with calcium excretion.
The relationships between salt, urinary calcium and blood pressure were studied in 401 middle-aged Chinese men. Seven overnight urine samples were collected. Three consecutive blood pressure measurements were made on two occasions. The 24-h urinary sodium estimate was positively associated with both mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001), controlled for age and body mass index. Urinary chloride was also positively associated with blood pressure (P less than 0.001) at a magnitude similar to that of sodium. Potassium was not related to blood pressure. Urinary calcium was significantly correlated to sodium (r = 0.46) and was positively associated with systolic (P less than 0.001) and diastolic (P less than 0.01) blood pressure. The relationship between calcium and blood pressure was partly explained by salt intake. Similar findings were obtained using electrolyte to creatinine ratios. These results confirm the positive relationship between salt and blood pressure within a Chinese population living in Taipei and indicate a possible, positive relationship between blood pressure and urinary calcium excretion, either dependent or independent of salt intake.
Age Factors↗
Partial laryngopharyngectomy for piriform sinus carcinoma. Technique and preliminary results.
This paper presents a technique for partial laryngopharyngectomy followed by a one-stage reconstruction and its preliminary results. This surgery is indicated for carefully selected cases in which the lesion is confined to the ipsilateral piriform sinus, aryepiglottic fold, arytenoid eminence and paraglottic space at the level of the false fold. The hyoid bone, thyroid ala, arytenoid cartilage, epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold, arytenoid eminence and false fold are removed on the affected side. Reconstruction is performed with the use of a pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap. The surgery was performed on four cases: two were successful; one suffered from persistent postsurgical aspiration because the reconstructed hypopharynx was too wide; and one developed necrosis of PMMC flap and a secondary reconstruction procedure was performed.
Aged↗
A new technique for esophageal reconstruction by combined skin and muscle flaps after failure in primary colonic interposition.
A new procedure is presented for esophageal reconstruction using the skin flap combined with the overlying muscle flap in a situation in which preceding cervical esophagostomy and antesternal colostomy have been performed. A conventional musculocutaneous flap may be used for the second stage of the operation. However, our method has several advantages. The skin canal, which is the most important part of this reconstruction, is created using the skin of the anterior chest wall without transferring cutaneous tissue from other places. Therefore, the operative procedure becomes simpler and the blood supply to the skin canal is more assured. While blood of the wall of the canal is supposed to be supplied initially from internal mammary and intercostal arteries, the muscle flap over the canal may subsequently provide more blood to the skin canal. In addition to sufficient blood supply, the length of a suture line for creating the skin canal is minimal, and, thereby, the possibility of postoperative leakage can be diminished. Because both esophagostoma and colostoma are not damaged in the second stage of the operation, strictures at these sites are not likely to occur. Furthermore, the muscle flap serves as a physical protector for the canal, and presents a suitable bed for the split thickness graft. Our two stage operation using combined skin and muscle flaps after antesternal colostomy is a safe, simple and assured technique for the compromised colonic segment at primary esophageal reconstruction. This procedure is also applicable to the patient in whom use of a stomach tube for esophageal replacement is attempted but primary cervical esophagogastrotomy is not possible.
Colon↗
[Effects of estrogen, progesterone and androgen on autoradiograms of the immature rat uterus].
Endometrial cancer is more frequent in patients at a postmenopausal age, when the ovarian secretion of androgens instead of estrogens seems to be relatively increased. In clinical or experimental medicine, progesterones are widely used for the treatment of endometrial cancer, probably because they have an antiestrogenic action and cause differentiation of cancer cells from the proliferative phase. The effects of testosterone(T), progesterone(P), and/or 17 beta-estradiol(E) on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine in autoradiograms were investigated in immature rats. The autoradiogram revealed many grains due to 3H-thymidine in the endometrial epithelium, stroma, and the myometrium in the immature rat 30 hours after E-injection. T alone markedly induced the DNA synthesis in the stroma and the myometrium, but not in the epithelium. T displayed a synergistic interaction with E in both the stroma and the myometrium with a slight increase in thymidine incorporation into the epithelium. P alone induced DNA synthesis in the stroma and the myometrium. Simultaneous injection of E and P also produced the same result as that when P alone was injected. P markedly inhibited DNA synthesis due to E in the epithelium. Autoradiograms of the immature rat uterus provide basic support for the rationality of P therapy for cancer or adenomatous hyperplasia of the endometrium.
Androgens↗
Binding sites for monoclonal antibodies and for mRNPs on SV40 large T-antigen determined with a cleavage map.
Immune complexes of simian virus 40 large T-antigen with monoclonal papovavirus protein antibodies PAb 416, PAb 402, or PAb 423 were bound to protein-A-Sepharose and then cleaved into discrete fragments by limited tryptic proteolysis. PAb 402 protected a specific cleavage site, located approximately within amino acid residues 450-500, from tryptic proteolysis; PAb 423 protected another site within residues 675-699. As shown by immunoblotting, 125I-labeled PAb 416 was bound to a 17-kDa N-terminal fragment of large T-antigen (amino acid residues 1-130), and PAb 423 was bound to several overlapping fragments derived from the C terminus of large T-antigen. These monoclonal antibodies were then used as accessibility probes to study the interaction of mRNPs with cytoplasmic large T-antigen. Whereas small T-antigen and nuclear large T-antigen were fully immunoreactive, cytoplasmic large T-antigen reacted poorly with PAb 402 or polyclonal antibodies unless the mRNP moiety was removed by treatment with EDTA/RNase A. In contrast, mRNP/T-antigen complexes were fully immunoreactive with PAb 416 or PAb 423 and did not require treatment with EDTA/RNase A. The results suggest that the binding site of PAb 402 is blocked due to the interaction with mRNPs whereas the N-terminal binding site of PAb 416 and the C-terminal binding site of PAb 423 remain accessible to antibodies.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
[Preparation of progesterone secreting cells from rat ovaries by a density gradient].
Isolation of progesterone secreting cells from the ovaries of immature rats pretreated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS) was conducted by a simple procedure which combined the collagenase digestion with a density gradient method. After digestion of the ovarian tissue slices by the enzyme, the residue was gently pressed and placed on a sucrose density gradient. Three bands appearing in the tube after centrifugation were designated as S-1, S-2 and S-3 from the top to the bottom, respectively. The S-1 cells from the ovaries at 6 days after PMS secreted the greatest amount progesterone, i.e. approximately 430 ng per 10(5) cells during the 18th incubation. Progesterone secretion from the S-2 cells was less than 48% of that from the S-1 cells. A physiological interrelation between the S-1 and S-2 cells remains unexplained by the present experiment. The luteal cells were yellow, spheroidal and 15 to 40 mus in diameter. Many vesicle-like particles were found on the cell surfaces. Progesterone secretion from the prepared cells was stimulated significantly by hCG in vitro. This result indicates that progesterone secreting cells isolated by the collagenase-sucrose density gradient preserve their native function as luteal cells. The procedure for preparation of luteal cells in the present report may provide a suitable model for in vitro studies on the corpus luteum.
Animals↗
The length: breadth ratio of skin flaps on the trunk: two new long narrow flaps.
Our experience of skin flaps on the trunk is reviewed. A single-pedicle flap based on the sterno-clavicular region and a bipedicled longitudinal back flap have length: breadth ratios much in excess of random pattern flaps.
Abdomen↗