As part of the Ni-Hon-San Study, stroke incidence was compared in the Japan and Hawaii cohorts. Stroke cases were classified in two types, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and thrombo-embolic stroke (T-E). For each type the incidence in Japan was about three times as great as in Hawaii. The ratio ICH/T-E was 1/2.2 and 1/1.6 in Japan and Hawaii, respectively. Blood pressure was the most important risk factor, followed by age for total stroke in both Japan and Hawaii. Proteinuria was also a risk factor in Hawaii. Conversely, an index of animal food intake was inversely related to total stroke, significantly in Hawaii, and at a suggestive level for total and hemorrhagic stroke in Japan. Since the levels of blood pressure do not differ between Japan and Hawaii, one possible explanation for the large difference in stroke incidence between the two cohorts may be the fact that animal protein and saturated fat intake, which is inversely associated with stroke incidence, is much greater in Hawaii than in Japan. This explanation would support epidemiologic and experimental studies in Japan which suggest that dietary animal protein and fat exert an inhibitory effect on the incidence of stroke.

Age Factors↗

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Bilateral reduction of hemispheric blood flow in patients with unilateral cerebral infarction.

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Adult↗

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Prognosis of occlusive cerbrovascular diseases in normotensive and hypertensive subjects.

Comparison of the clinical features, especially prognosis, in cerebral infarction was made between nine normotensive subjects and 16 hypertensive patients with an 80% stenosis or occlusion of the intracranial or extracranial arteries. Our own criteria for evaluating hypertension were employed on the basis of the following items: a past history of hypertension, blood pressure levels on admission and during hospitalization, degree of retinopathy, and ECG changes. In 17 of 25 cases, brain circulation was measured by the intravenous RISA technique. Abnormalities of the EEG and reduction of cranial blood flow were greater, and an early prognosis for neurological deficits in the first two months after the onset of stroke was poorer in the hypertensive group than inthe normotensive group. These results are contradictory to the observations of others.

Adult↗

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Effect of carotid artery ligation on regional cerebral blood flow in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in normotensive rate (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), in a lightly anesthetized state and with control of PaCO2 by artificial ventilation. Without carotid artery ligation, NTR and SHR showed almost identical rCBF values and distribution, despite significantly elevated levels of blood pressure in SHR. Bilateral carotid artery ligation, however, caused much more pronounced decreases of rCBF (ischemia) in SHR than NTR, in regions supplied by the carotid artery. The reduction of rCBF in SHR was rather homogenous and symmetrical. Mechanisms causing the differences between NTR and SHR are discussed.

Animals↗