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Biomedical subjects

Y Takizawa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Takizawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Results of radiation therapy of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma].

From January 1975 to August 1988, 40 patients with extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma were treated by external irradiation at Chiba University Hospital and the National Medical Center Hospital. Thirty-four patients (male: 20, female: 14) were evaluable. Eighteen patients were postoperative cases because the surgical margin was positive for tumor cells in the postoperative pathological examination; the other 16 were inoperable cases. Survival in postoperative and inoperable cases was not significantly different, with median survival times of 13.8 and 8.1 months, respectively. Survival in the recanalization-positive and negative-groups was significantly different (p less than 0.05) after irradiation, with median survival times of 13.5 and 6.0 months, respectively. Complications of therapy were recognized in 68% of all cases. They were mainly gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, erosive gastritis and loss of appetite, but they were not severe. Distant metastasis was recognized in only 4 patients (10%): three had bony metastasis and one had supraclavicular and pulmonary hilar lymph node metastasis. Ninety percent of all cases died from hepatic failure or peritonitis carcinomatosa due to failure to obtain local control by external irradiation. A more effective modality of treatment is necessary to cure these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Tritium concentration in Akita City diet.

The 3H concentration in the diet of residents in Akita City, northern Japan, during autumn of 1987 and winter of 1988 was analyzed. Results were similar to those for spring and summer samples previously reported. No significant seasonal change of 3H concentration was observed. A simple model was constructed for estimating the mean residence time for organically-bound 3H in diet. However, more data about diet in the 1960s or 1970s are necessary for the estimation.

Diet↗
PubMed1992

[Analgesic effects of Tsumura-shuuji-bushi-matsu and mesaconitine].

"Tsumura-shuuji-bushi-matsu" (TJ-3021) is a herbal medicine produced from Aconiti tuber through autoclaving to decrease its toxicity. In this study, the analgesic effects of TJ-3021 and mesaconitine (MA) was examined in rats and mice. TJ-3021 (300 mg/kg, p.o.) or MA (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) depressed the acetic acid-induced writhing significantly. In Randall-Selitto's method, TJ-3021 (1000 mg/kg) increased the pain threshold ratio in the inflamed foot significantly but not in the normal foot. In the hot plate method or on adjuvant-induced arthritic pain, TJ-3021 (1000 mg/kg) significantly increased the pain threshold, and its effect was less than that of "nama-bushi-matsu" (TNB), which was produced from the same Aconiti tuber without autoclaving. Repeated cold stress (RCS) for 65.5 hr decreased the pain threshold ratio on the paw pressure in rats by 60%. TJ-3021 (300 mg/kg) significantly increased the pain threshold ratio in RCS rats, and its activity was almost the same degree as that of TNB. MA (0.5 mg/kg) significantly increased the pain threshold ratio in RCS rats or on the adjuvant-induced arthritic pain; and in RCS rats, it was more potent than morphine (1 mg/kg, p.o.).

Aconitine↗
PubMed1992

[Concentration and form of asbestos fibers in tap drinking water contaminated from a water supply pipe with asbestos-cement].

The identification and concentration of asbestos fibers in tap drinking water supplied in a central area of Akita Prefecture, Japan, were determined by phase-contrast microscopy and a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyzer. The following results were obtained. 1. Asbestos fibers were found in the tap water from two areas in which an asbestos-cement pipe was used for public water supply. The concentrations of asbestos fibers in the tap water were 2.7 x 10(4) to 27.0 x 10(4) fibers per liter of water in area A and 10.0 x 10(4) to 21.0 x 10(4) in area B. On the other hand, no asbestos fiber contamination was observed in tap water of area C, which shared a common water source with area A. A vinyl chloride pipe was used over the entire length of the water supply in route C. 2. Crocidolite was the predominant type of asbestos fiber detected in the tap water. Chrysotile and a mixture of chrysotile and amosite were also observed. 3. Almost all asbestos fibers detected in the tap water possessed the form of thick or sheaved fibers with lengths ranging from ca. 5 to 10 microns. Their shapes were very different from those of asbestos fibers found in the atmosphere. The typical form of the latter is short (ca. 1 micron in length) and needle-like. 4. It was suggested that the contamination of asbestos fibers in the tap water was caused by erosion and peeling off of the inner wall of the asbestos-cement pipe used as a conduit. In order to evaluate the safety of drinking water in Japan, an extensive survey on asbestos-fiber contamination in tap water is necessary.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1991

Visual dysfunction in treated schizophrenia suggested by visual evoked potentials from pattern-reversal stimulation.

Steady-state visual evoked potentials (steady-state VEPs) from pattern-reversal stimulations were compared in treated schizophrenic patients and normal subjects matched for sex and age. The VEP amplitudes were more variable in the patients than in the controls. Furthermore, the VEP amplitudes of the patients mostly showed little or no change when the check size was varied, in contrast to the controls who showed a marked check size effect. These results suggest that schizophrenics receiving drugs have dysfunction of the visual system, especially an inability to respond adequately to changes of visual information.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The tissue distribution of 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins in humans who died of cancer.

The tissue distribution of 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins was conducted in 11 patients who died of cancer. The concentration of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (octa-CDD) was the highest in each organ and tissue and hepta-CDD was also found at relatively high levels, second only to OCDD. The levels of 1,2,3, 7,8-penta-CDD and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexa-CDD in the spleen were the highest, respectively. 2,3,7,8-Tetra-CDD was also detected and its concentration was the highest in the gonad (0.8-3.2 pg/g-range). From the 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalent calculations, the highest equivalent value was obtained from a 54-year-old female who died of cancerous goiter. This individual had the highest concentrations of 2,3,7,8-substituted penta- and hexa-CDDs among the 11 patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from chemical manufacturers and waste disposal facilities.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were measured in various source and environmental samples obtained from eight chemical manufacturers producing agricultural chemicals, synthetic dye, or resin and eight chemical waste disposal facilities. The concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs ranged from 3.0 to 3504 ng/g for PCDDs and from 1.2 to 1668 ng/g for PCDFs in fly ash. Their concentrations in emission were in the ranges of 21.8 to 3205 ng/m3 for PCDDs and not detected to 4344 ng/m3 for PCDFs. PCDD and PCDF concentrations were higher in fly and bottom ashes and in emissions from two manufacturers that incinerate waste plastics than in those from other manufacturers. For emission and liquid samples from the manufacturers. For emission and liquid samples from the manufacturers of agricultural chemicals, significantly high concentrations of tetra-CDDs were detected. Furthermore, the high concentrations of PCDFs, especially hepta- and octa-CDF congeners, existed in emissions from waste incinerators that manufacture rubber. Among manufacturers and disposal facilities, the total emission equivalent (2.94 ng/m3) of PCDDs and PCDFs was highest for a certain manufacturer of agricultural chemicals, showing that more 2,3,7,8-chlorine-substituted PCDDs and PCDFs were present in their emissions.

Benzofurans↗
PubMed1991

[A clinical experience of rokitamycin on Campylobacter enteritis. Research Group of Rokitamycin on Infectious Enteritis].

Rokitamycin, a newly developed macrolide, was administered to a total of 107 cases, 16 years old or more, in order to evaluate its clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness on Campylobacter enteritis. Daily dosage of 600 mg of rokitamycin was administered orally in three divided doses for 5 days. Bacteriological and clinical efficacies were judged by the attending doctors from the evaluation criteria made by the committee and from the days required for improvement of diarrhea, defervescence and so on, respectively. Antibacterial activities against the isolates were tested of rokitamycin (RKM), erythromycin (EM), josamycin (JM) and ofloxacin (OFLX). The results were as follows; 41 symptomatic patients and 5 carriers were evaluated. Clinical efficacy (n = 41) was 100% (excellent; 34.1%, good; 65.9%). Bacteriological efficacy (n = 41) was 97.6%. Eight of the 9 cases with consecutive stool cultures were free of the bacteria on and after one day of the drug administration. Clinical usefulness (n = 46) was 97.8%. Slight epigastric pain was seen in only one as a side effect. The items of abnormal laboratory findings were 4 elevated GPT and/or GOT and one increased number of WBC in 4 cases. MIC90 of RKM, EM, JM and OFLX against 41 clinical isolates of C. jejuni were 1.56, 3.13, 3.13 and 0.78 micrograms/ml, respectively. Rokitamycin was considered clinically useful to treat Campylobacter enteritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Comparison of clinical efficacy of rokitamycin (RKM) and ofloxacin (OFLX) for the treatment of Campylobacter enteritis by a double-blind method. The Research Committee for the Effect of Rokitamycin, Research Group for Infectious Enteritis].

The clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness of Rokitamycin (RKM), a new macrolide antibiotic, were compared with those of Ofloxacin (OFLX) for the treatment of Campylobacter enteritis by a double blind method. The daily dose level of RKM or OFLX was 600 mg. They were orally administered in three divided doses for 5 days. Of 223 cases studied, 106 cases were diagnosed as Campylobacter enteritis. Ninety cases (RKM group: 50, OFLX group: 40) except for 16 excluded or drop-out cases were analysed. There was no significant difference between the two groups in any background factors. The effectiveness and usefulness was evaluated in 88 cases (RKM group: 48, OFLX group: 40). The results obtained were as follows: 1. In a total of 82 strains of Campylobacter jejuni/coli (RKM group: 42, OFLX group: 40), the bacteriological efficacy rate of RKM (95.2%) was superior to that of OFLX (70.0%) with a significant difference (p = 0.006). 2. In 76 symptomatic patients (RKM group: 42, OFLX group: 34) on the day of the beginning of drug administration, the clinical efficacy rate was 97.6% in the RKM group and 85.3% in the OFLX group with no significant difference between the two groups. 3. In 88 evaluable patients, the global clinical efficacy rate of RKM (95.8%) was superior to that of OFLX (67.5%) with a significant difference (p = 0.001). 4. Side effect was observed in 1 (1.9%) of the 54 patients in the RKM group and none of the 44 patients in the OFLX group. Slightly abnormal laboratory findings were seen in 4 (10.8%) of the 37 patients treated with RKM and 3 (9.7%) of the 31 patients treated with OFLX, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. 5. In 88 evaluable patients, the clinical usefulness of RKM (91.7%) was superior to that of OFLX (67.5%) with a significant difference (p = 0.01). From these results, RKM is considered to be a very useful agent for the treatment of Campylobacter enteritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[A dying clinical diagnosis of scarlet fever--the last sixteen years survey].

11,119 patients with scarlet fever admitted in the last sixteen years, from 1973 to 1988, to Sapporo City General Hospital, were studied statistically on symptoms and laboratory findings. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Annual number of patients have reduced suddenly since 1981, and become zero in 1989. The patients increased in number during the winter season. Eighty two percent of the cases were between 3 and 8 years of age, and the average age was 5.8 year-old. 2. Cases of above-38 degrees C temperature were seen in about 81.4%, and from 2 to 5 days-duration of temperature were seen in 86.6% of the patients in the year 1976. Cases of above-moderate rash were observed in 68.2%, sever redness of throat in 29.9%, strawberry tongue in 86.3% and angular stomatitis in 37.7% of the patients. In recent statistical analysis (1982-1988), we found, however, a tendency that patients having stronger symptoms were being introduced to our hospital. 3. The higher rates of cases showing elevated ASD titer were seen in the elder patients and in the winter. C-reactive protein (CRP) titers were mostly in the range of (-) to (greater than or equal to 6+), having 2.4 + on an average. 4. Patients who developed into overt nephritis were not seen. Cases of microscopic hematuria (greater than or equal to 3 red cells/f in urine sediments), however, were observed in 1.1% (125/11,119). Sever complications were hardly seen. 5. Reappearance of beta-hemolytic streptococci (on a week after discharge) were found in 3.1% (241/7,877). 6. Reinfection or relapse cases of scarlet fever were found in 6.7% (642/9,585).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1991

Rapid changes in concentrations of essential elements in organs of rats exposed to methylmercury chloride and mercuric chloride as shown by simultaneous multielemental analysis.

An in vivo study of rats given a dominant lethal dose of methylmercury chloride (MMC) or mercuric chloride (HgCl2) was conducted to elucidate the rapid biotransformation of essential elements. The elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. For the rat brain Zn concentrations were higher in the MMC group than in the HgCl2 and control groups. The highest Cu concentration was found in HgCl2 dosed rat liver. For the rat kidney the highest Zn concentration was seen in the MMC group. From principal component analysis on the time dependent behaviour of each element in rat organs, characteristics specific to Cu in the liver and kidney and Mn in the brain were found after exposure to HgCl2 and Ca and Zn in the brain after exposure to MMC.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Tritium concentration in unpolished rice.

Inoue and Iwakura recently reported that the specific activity ratio of organically-bound 3H to free water 3H in polished rice samples collected in Japan and China was lower than unity. Their paper was the first to report the systematic apparent elimination of 3H for incorporation to organically-bound form in samples collected from the general environment. To confirm their result, seven unpolished rice samples obtained just after harvesting were analyzed for 3H. The mean specific activity ratio of organically-bound 3H to free water 3H was found to be 0.57, somewhat lower than the data by Inoue and Iwakura. This small difference may be caused by the different sampling years and/or the possible replacement of free water by atmospheric water vapor after harvesting.

Food Contamination, Radioactive↗
PubMed1991

[A five-year follow-up study on blood pressure and serum cholesterol in junior high school children].

Blood pressure and serum cholesterol changes over a five-year period were studied in 299 junior high school children (127 males and 172 females) examined during 1980-1984 in Akita Prefecture, Japan. The six factors studied were height, weight, body mass index (by Minowa's method), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol. Mean values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased more than 10 mmHg during the five years in both sexes. Significant positive correlations between initial and follow-up blood pressure ('tracking') were observed. The correlation coefficients for systolic blood pressure in males and in females were 0.33 and 0.28 respectively, and those for diastolic blood pressure were 0.36 in males and 0.19 in females. While there were no significant differences in serum cholesterol levels between the two periods in either sex, the correlation coefficients, which were higher than those for blood pressure, were 0.55 in males and 0.45 in females. Among the six factors at each period, significant positive correlations were observed between height and systolic blood pressure at the initial period, and between obesity and systolic blood pressure at both periods in males and females. A significant positive relationship between obesity and serum cholesterol was seen at the follow-up period in both sexes. These data suggest that a moderate degree of 'tracking' occurs in blood pressure and serum cholesterol during childhood, and that obesity is an important factor related to blood pressure and serum cholesterol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in the megakaryocyte-platelet system in chronic neutrophilic leukemia].

Platelet functions and morphological changes of megakaryocytes were investigated in three cases with chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL). The bleeding time was prolonged, the ADP, collagen, epinephrine-induced aggregation of platelets decreased in one case. The adhesiveness, epinephrine-induced aggregation and adenine nucleotide content of platelets decreased in one other case. Megakaryocyte size in CNL was larger than in CML and this difference of the megakaryocyte sizes was related to DNA content distribution of the megakaryocytes. Atypical megakaryocytes were apparently found in one case. The present study suggests that CNL is a stem cell disorder.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[EEG data filing system with personal computer and magneto-optical disc].

We established a new computerized EEG filing system, in which an EEG machine was connected to an EEG filing unit which consisted of a personal computer with a 32 bit CPU, 18 channel analog -to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, and a magneto-optical disc driver. This system has the following merits. The system was space-saving, the space required to store the EEG data, being only 1/500 of that required for storing EEG record. Though the system had two independent EEG filing units, our original file configuration enabled us to have access to all of the recorded EEG data anytime for more than 10 years. The system enabled us to display EEG data continuously on the high resolution CRT, just as if turning the page of an EEG record paper, and through the quick scanning, enabled us to view the entire EEG pattern. Furthermore, the system enabled us to conduct reliable digital analysis for EEG data by entering the EEG data without artifacts into a data processor after confirmation on the display. In the system, we used data files with the MS-DOS operating system. This enabled us to analyze the data obtained by a personal computer operating on other systems, by transferring the data to a floppy disc operating on our system. Our EEG filing system allows quick access to data as well as mass data storage.

Electroencephalography↗