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Y Taneda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Taneda.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effects of X-irradiation on colony specificity in the compound ascidian, Botryllus primigenus Oka.

In a compound ascidian, Botryllus primigenus Oka, colony specificity or histoincompatibility has been known. Colony specificity is manifested by fusibility between colonies (fusion or nonfusion). It has been suggested that fusibility of a colony depends upon blood and that cellular and humoral factors may participate in the "nonfusion" reaction (NFR), which is induced in the contact area between two incompatible colonies. In the present study, effects of X-irradiation on colony specificity were studied. When the cut surfaces of two colony pieces previously irradiated were brought into contact, only weak NFR took place in the contact area, although fusion has never occurred. By the use of experimental alteration of fusibility, "fusibility alterable index" (FI) of the irradiated colonies were estimated. FI was inversely proportional to dose of X-irradiation. FI of a colony received 3,000 R corresponds to that of about one-fourth in size and FI of a colony received 5,000 R corresponds to that of about one-eighth in size. Therefore, a factor(s) controlling fusibility may be sensitive to X-irradiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Evaluation of cefotiam in pediatric field (author's transl)].

Studies on the antibacterial activity, absorption and excretion and also clinical investigation in the field of pediatrics have been carried out with cefotiam (SCE-963, CTM), a new cephalosporin antibiotic. 1) The MICs of CTM against the following clinical isolates were measured and compared with those of CEZ: S. aureus (81 strains), E. coli (27) and K. pneumoniae (27), with CTM being inferior by 1 tube in S. aureus, being superior by 2 to 3 tubes in E. coli and by about 2 - 3 tubes in K. pneumoniae. 2) Absorption and excretion. After intravenous one shot injection at dose levels of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, the peak in the serum concentration was shown in the 15-minute value with 18.1 and 36.6 mcg/ml for 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The half-life in ;the serum was 1.14 and 0.61 hours, respectively. In the case of 1-hour intravenous drip infusion at a dose level of 10 mg/kg, it was 14.3 mcg/ml, with 0.98-hour half-life in the serum. The recovery rates from the urine within 0 to 6 hours were 50.6% and 66.2% in the case of intravenous one shot injection at dose levels of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively, with 71.1% in the case of the 1-hour intravenous drip infusion. 3) Two to 3 hours after intravenous one shot injection of CTM in H. influenzae-meningitis every 4 hours at a dose level of 62.5 mg/kg at one time, the cerebrospinal fluid concentration of CTM was only 2.12 to 10.0 mcg/ml, and this fact suggests that CTM is a useful cephalosporin for treating purulent meningitis. 4) CTM was administered in 19 clinical cases, with the results being: excellent in 4 out of 4 cases of bronchitis; excellent in 5 and good in 1 out of 6 cases of pneumonia; excellent in 3 cases of pyelitis; good in purulent parotitis, purulent meningitis and bacterial pericarditis; and excellent in peritonsillar abscess, purulent osteomyelitis and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (S.S.S.S.). No side effects have been observed in all cases. As for abnormal laboratory findings, 3 cases of eosinophilia were seen.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Laboratory and clinical studies on 6059-S in children (author's transl)].

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on 6059-S in the field of pediatrics, a new semi-synthetic 1-oxacephem antibiotic, and results were as follows. 1. MICs of 6059-S were compared with those of cefazolin (CEZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ) on 31 strains of S. aureus, 29 strains of E. coli, 30 strains of K. pneumoniae and 16 strains of P. aeruginosa. With the inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml an 10(6) cells/ml, the peak of distribution of MICs were S. aureus 6.25, 3.13 micrograms/ml, E. coli 0.2, 0.1 micrograms/ml, K. pneumoniae 0.2, 0.05 micrograms/ml and P. aeruginosa 12.5, 6.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. MICs 6059-S against S. aureus was more less 2 to 3 tubes than CEZ and CMZ, but against E. coli and K. pneunoniae were more higher than 3 to 4 tubes than CEZ and CMZ. 2. The serum concentrations and urinary recovery rate of 6059-S were measured in 5 pediatric patients. 6059-S was given 20 mg/kg by an intravenous injection to 2 cases or a 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion to 3 cases. The mean concentration of the former were 64.3, 44.3, 26.8, 11.7 and 5.0 micrograms/ml at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, and T 1/2 was 1.51 hours. The urinary recovery rates was 75.0% within 6 hours after the injections. The mean concentration of the latter were 65.3, 86.3, 63.0, 40.3, 17.8 and 8.9 micrograms/ml at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, and T 1/2 was 1.63 hours. The urinary recovery rates was 52.1% within 6 hours after the injection. 3. Eleven cases with acute pneumonia, 1 case with acute bronchitis, 3 cases with acute purulent tonsillitis, 1 case with acute purulent parotitis and 1 case subcutaneous abscess were treated with 6059-S by intravenous injection. All cases were above effective clinically. Five strains of H. influenzae, 3 strains of S. pneumoniae, 2 strains of S. pyogenes and 1 strain of S. aureus were eradicated in all strains. No clinical adverse reaction and abnormal laboratory findings were noted.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[A study on cefmetazole in the neonatal period (author's transl)].

The authors studied the antibacterial activity, absorption and excretion, and clinical use of cefmetazole in neonatal period, and obtained the following results. 1. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cefmetazole (CMZ) were measured, to compare with those of cefazolin (CEZ), for clinical isolates of S. aureus (31 strains), E. coli (29 strains) and K. pneumoniae (30 strains). On a cumulative percentage basis, 77% of S. aureus, 76% of E. coli and 90% of K. pneumoniae were inhibited by less than or equal to 3.13 microgram/ml of CMZ with a higher inoculum size. When compared with CEZ, MICs of CMZ were found to be superior or equal against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and some of S. aureus, but to be inferior against most of S. aureus. Most of strains which were resistant to CEZ were most sensitive to CMZ. These results suggest that CMZ is highly active against Gram-negative bacteria and is stable to beta-lactamase. 2. The serum concentration was measured in 7 neonates (5 approximately equal to 25 day-old) and 5 infants (1 approximately 3 month-old) after a single intravenous administration of 20 approximately 25 mg/kg of CMZ. The mean concentration in neonates was 68.3 microgram/ml at 1/2 hour postinjection, 57.0 microgram/ml at 1 hour, 35.4 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 18.1 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 18.1 microgram/ml at 4 hours and 9.5 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The mean half-life was 2.04 hours. The peak concentration of each neonate seemed to be related more to individual variation than to the days after birth. The mean concentration in infants was 60.7 microgram/ml at 1/2 hour, 42.8 microgram/ml at 1 hour, 22.2 microgram ml at 2 hours, 9.2 microgram/ml at 4 hours and 3.2 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The mean half-life was 1.31 hours. There was little difference in the mean peak concentration between neonates and infants, but the mean concentration after that were higher in neonates than infants. It was apparent that the half-life tends to be shortened in proportion to advanced age in days and months. 3. CMZ was administered clinically in 3 cases of acute bronchopneumonia. Its clinical effect was excellent or good in all of the cases. No adverse reaction or abnormal laboratory values were found.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefoxitin in pediatric field (author's transl)].

Studies on antimicrobial activity, absorption and excretion and clinical use of cefoxitin in pediatric field were performed. 1. MIC of cefoxitin was compared with that of cefazolin and/or ampicillin for clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (36 strains), Escherichia coli (35 strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae (34 strains) and Haemophilus influenzae (80 strains). MIC of cefoxitin against S. aureus was approximately 1-2 tubes higher than that of cefazolin. Many strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae that showed high MIC to cefazolin were sensitive to cefoxitin. It is presumed that the results are due to the strong resistance of cefoxitin to beta-lactamase degradation. MIC of cefoxitin against H. influenzae was approximately 1-2 tubes lower than that of cefazolin, but approximately 4 tubes higher than that of ampicillin. 2. Serum level and urinary recovery rate of cefoxitin after one shot i.v. injection of 25 mg/kg were examined. The serum mean levels were 33.8 microgram/ml at 1/2 hour, 7.0 microgram/ml at 1 hour and 2.9 microgram/ml at 2 hours after the injection, respectively, and the drug was not detected in serum at 4 and 6 hours after the injection. The mean half-life of serum level was 27.1 minutes. The mean urinary recovery rate within 6 hours after injection was 96.0% and most of the drug were excreted into urine within 2 hours after the injection. 3. In order to evaluate clinical response, bacteriological response and side effects, cefoxitin was applied to 19 cases, i.e., 12 cases of either acute lobar pneumonia or acute bronchopneumonia, 2 cases of acute pyelitis, 1 case each of acute bronchitis, acute purulent tonsillitis, acute purulent arthritis, acute orbital phlegmon and acute buccal abscess. As for clinical response, the overall efficacy rate (the percentage of cases showed excellent and good efficacy) was 88.9%. As for bacteriological response, among the 13 strains which were determined or supposed to be causative organisms, i.e., 6 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 strains of H. influenzae and 1 strain each of streptococcus pyogenes, alpha-Streptococcus, Enterococcus, E. coli and Neisseria sp., all strains were disappeared except for Enterococcus which was reduced by the treatment with cefoxitin. No side effect was observed in any case. Abnormalities of laboratory findings were observed in 3 cases, i.e., 1 case each of reduction of RBC and Hb, elevation of GOT and GPT and elevation of GPT, but all of them returned to normal following completion of the dosage term.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Evaluation of cefroxadine in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)].

Basic and clinical evaluations of a new oral cephalosporin cefroxadine (CXD) in pediatric fields were investigated, and the following results were obtained. 1. MICs of CXD against various bacteria were compared with those of cephalexin (CEX). MIC peaks of CXD against clinically isolated S. aureus (22 strains), S. pyogenes (25), S. pneumoniae (8), H. influenzae (23), and E. coli (23) in pediatric fields, were 1.56, 0.2, 1.56, 25 approximately 50 and 6 .25 microgram/ml, respectively in the inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml, and they were 1.56, less than 0.1, 0.78, 25 and 6.25 microgram/ml respectively in the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. In comparison with CEX, MIC peaks of CXD against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae and E. coli were almost the same with those of the former, it was, however, better by 1 approximately 2 tubes than that of CEX against S. pneumoniae. 2. CXD in the form of dry syrup was administered orally at a dose of either 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg to 5 children, and the serum levels and the urinary excretion were evaluated. In the case of 3 children who were administered a dose of 10 mg/kg the mean serum levels were 11.9 microgram/ml after 30 minutes, 13.7 microgram/ml after 1 hour, 4.7 microgram/ml after 2 hours, 0.7 microgram/ml after 4 hours, and 0.3 microgram/ml after 6 hours, while those 2 children who were administered a dose of 20 mg/kg, they were 15.1, 28.5, 12.5, 2.0 and 0.9 microgram/ml respectively. The mean periods of half-life in serum were 0.87 hour in the case of 10 mg/kg and 0.94 hour in the case of 20 mg/kg. The mean excretion rates were 83.8% in the case of 10 mg/kg and 59.8% in the case 20 mg/kg. 3. CXD dry syrup was administered to 31 children with various bacterial infections i.e. acute pharyngitis (15 cases), acute purulent tonsillitis (10 cases), acute bronchitis (4 cases) and 1 case each of acute pyelonephritis and acute purulent cervical lymphadenitis, and the clinical and bacteriological responses and side effect were investigated. The clinical response was either excellent or good in all of the cases. Out of the S. pyogenes (20 strains), S. aureus (1), S. pneumoniae (2), E. coli (1) and H. influenzae (1), bacteriological eradication was observed in all strains with the exception of 1 strain each in S. pyogenes and H. influenzae in which reduction was observed. No side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Two modes of tunic cuticle formation in a colonial ascidian Aplidium yamazii, responding to wounding.

The defensive responses in ascidian tunic were investigated in a colonial ascidian Aplidium yamazii by means of light- and electron-microscopy with special reference to the cuticle formation (restoration) of the tunic. When the tunic was wounded by cutting with a razor blade, the tunic around the wounds shrank to close the wound, and electron-dense fibers appeared and covered the exposed surface of the wound. The tunic shrinkage is probably promoted by the contraction of the cellular network in the tunic. On the other hand, when a part of the tunic was damaged by the injection of distilled water or 5% NaOH, a cuticular boundary appeared in the tunic, separating the damaged and undamaged tunic. Before the completion of the boundary formation, tunic cells gather around the boundary precursor that is formed from the electron-dense fibers. Thus, there are two different modes of defensive response involving cuticle formation in A. yamazii. Although the regulatory mechanism is still uncertain, one or other of the modes should be elicited in response to many damaging stimuli.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗