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Biomedical subjects

Y Teichman

Publications and source records attributed to Y Teichman.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The development of Israeli children's images of Jews and Arabs and their expression in human figure drawings.

The development of images of "a Jew" and "an Arab" in Jewish Israeli children who were 4-15 years of age was investigated by means of human figure drawings followed by the administration of questionnaires. The drawings were scored on structural and thematic variables. The questionnaires assessed beliefs and intentions. The hypotheses predicted a differential perception of in- and out-groups and peaks in negativity toward the out-group at preschool age and in early adolescence. Results indicate that, irrespective of age, Jewish Israeli children have generalized images of the two ethnic groups. Preschoolers expressed both positive biases toward the in-group and negativism toward the out-group. and early adolescents manifested mainly negative biases toward the out-group. Children in middle childhood and mid-adolescents manifested reductions in both in-group favoritism and out-group negativity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A comparison of two modalities of cognitive therapy (individual and marital) in treating depression.

Historically, depression was explained and treated intrapsychically and/or biochemically. In the 1970s theoretical propositions and treatment applications began to appear that offered that depression should be viewed cognitively (Beck 1963, 1974; Beck et al. 1979) or interpersonally (Coyne 1976a, 1976b; Klerman et al. 1984). Simultaneously, though more sporadically, marital interventions started to attract interest (Feldman 1976; Friedman 1975). The cognitive and interpersonal trends of thinking stimulated researchers to investigate the efficacy of these therapeutic modalities and to compare them with each other. Interest in these two treatments peaked with the publication of the study that emerged from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program (Elkin et al. 1989). This well-known research found that the two psychotherapies were similarly effective, but that the interpersonal approach was slightly more successful with more severely depressed patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Emotional distress in Israeli women before and after abortion.

Emotional distress in a group of Israeli women who requested legal abortion was compared with that in a group of women on the verge of delivery and in a random group of nonpregnant women on measures of anxiety and depression. Emotional consequences of the abortion were evaluated by before-and-after comparisons of the same measures in a subgroup of the aborting women. Findings indicated significantly greater distress in the aborting women, with lower levels after the abortion. The effects on emotional well-being of personal and contextual factors and their interactions were also examined.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

Interpersonal needs of drug addicts: are they similar across cultures?

Needs for interpersonal resources were compared in groups of Israeli and USA drug abusers and in matched groups of normal subjects. Across cultures, drug addicts displayed a similar pattern of needs, while the patterns displayed by normal subjects were dissimilar. The results suggest that drug addicts display patterns of need that deviate from the cultural norm and approach the patterns displayed by addicts in other cultures.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Perceived need for interpersonal resources by Israeli drug abusers.

Following Foa's classification of interpersonal resources and Peele's theoretical proposition which describes addiction as an alternative but unappropriate experience, it was hypothesized that drug abusers would express greater need for interpersonal resources than their controls, especially on general wish level, and that they would prefer universalistic--"socially valued" resources like status and money rather than affection and love. Although not conclusively, on the general wish level, drug abusers tended to express higher expectations for interpersonal resources than their controls, but in realistic relationships (e.g., marital relationships and employment) they showed smaller need for resources.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Childhood depression: a family perspective.

Etiological and maintaining patterns of childhood depression, system and social learning theories, as well as cognitive, behavioral and interpersonal approaches have been integrated to obtain a comprehensive model of depression. Family is emphasized as the context in which childhood depression originates, is maintained, and can be treated. Every individual is part of another's environment, and the reciprocity of cognitions, emotions and behavior produce and reinforce depression. In this paper, patterns of parent-child reciprocities producing or reinforcing depression in children are described. It is proposed that long-term benefits of treatment can only be expected when change occurs in both the depressed child and their significant others.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Expectant fathers: emotional reactions, physical symptoms and coping styles.

This study investigated emotional and physical reactions in two groups of expectant fathers: expecting a first child, expecting a second or subsequent child. These were compared with each other and with a control group of fathers whose wives were not pregnant. The hypotheses predicted that expectant fathers in general, and expectant fathers expecting their first child in particular, would report higher situational anxiety and would experience physical symptoms more frequently than the control group. It was also predicted that expectant fathers who reported high levels of emotional involvement with their wives' pregnancy would report high levels of anxiety and high frequency of physical symptoms while expectant fathers who reported active involvement would report a lower level of anxiety and lower frequency of symptoms. Contrary to prediction, expectant fathers, particularly those who were expecting their first child, reported lower levels of anxiety. The hypothesis about physical symptoms was confirmed. Expectant fathers reported experiencing physical symptoms more frequently than controls, and the highest frequency was reported by those expecting their first child. The correlations between types of involvement and anxiety or physical symptoms indicate that all types of involvement are negatively correlated with anxiety. Emotional involvement correlates with frequency of experiencing physical symptoms, and active involvement does not correlate with frequency of experiencing physical symptoms.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Anxiety reaction of hospitalized children.

This study suggests that the child's emotional reaction to hospitalization is determined by personal, interpersonal and environmental factors. The personal attribute investigated was the child's predisposition to experience anxiety, namely, trait anxiety. The interpersonal influence was the perceived level of maternal anxiety, and the environmental influence was type of hospitalization--traditional hospital or day clinic. We hypothesized that hospitalized children with high trait anxiety would experience higher anxiety state than children with low trait anxiety; hospitalized children who perceive anxious rather than calm mothers would experience more anxiety; children in a traditional hospital would experience higher anxiety state than children in a day clinic; and the most anxious children would be those who have high trait anxiety, are exposed to anxious mothers and are hospitalized in a traditional hospital. Results indicate that the child's level of trait anxiety predicted the level of experienced anxiety and so did perceived maternal anxiety. Type of hospitalization did not influence the level of anxiety, but children with high trait anxiety who attributed to their mothers a high level of anxiety reported more anxiety in the day clinic rather than in the hospital. The findings imply that, when helping children and families deal with hospitalization, personal, interpersonal and environmental factors have to be considered.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1978

Crisis intervention with families of servicemen missing in action.

This study investigated reactions and processes in a crisis situation as well as experiences of those who engaged in crisis intervention activities. Thirty-two volunteers, who worked with 55 families of servicemen missing in action during the October 1973 Mideast war, described the families' reactions to the given situation as well as their own involvement. Reactions to crisis and expectations from the volunteers are described and discussed. Special scrutiny was directed at the volunteering phenomenon, and at the volunteers' motivations, needs, reactions, and conflicts.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

Overt and fantasized aggression toward parents by enuretic and nonenuretic children.

This study compared the amount and direction of overt and fantasized aggression of enuretic and nonenuretic children. Following the dynamic approach, it was hypothesized that enuretic children would differ from nonenuretics in having more difficulty in expressing overt aggression toward their mothers than toward a neutral figure. In fantasy, enuretic children were expected to express more aggression feelings toward their parents than control subjects. Twenty-eight enuretic subjects and a matched group of control subjects were induced to aggress toward their mothers and toward a neutral figure. The experimental situation was a variation of the Buss (1961) technique for eliciting and measuring aggression. Aggressive fantasies were assessed, using Bene and Anthony's Family Relation Test (1957). A significant interaction was obtained between enuresis/nonenuresis and target figures. Enuretic subjects expressed more aggression toward a neutral figure than toward the mother (p = .05) and differed from the control group in expressing less aggression toward the mother (p = .10). On the fantasy level, a significantly opposite trend to the predicted one emerged: Enuretic subjects showed less aggression toward both parents. The results were discussed with respect to the dynamic and the behavioristic approach to enuresis, and further research directions were suggested.

Aggression↗