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Biomedical subjects

Y Toda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Toda.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Prediction of future scotoma on conventional automated static perimetry using frequency doubling technology perimetry.

AIM: To see if scotoma detected with frequency doubling technology (FDT) is confirmed by Humphrey field analyser (HFA) 3 years later. METHODS: Subjects were first examined with the screening C-20-1 program of FDT. The visual field was examined annually for 4 years using HFA program C30-2. The central 58 test points in HFA were assigned to one of the 17 clusters corresponding to FDT test points. Each cluster was represented as the lowest probability symbol of total deviation (TD) of the HFA test points included in the cluster. Clusters were graded normal, suspected scotoma, and scotoma depending on probability of TD-5% or more, 5%-1%, less than 1%, respectively. Relative risk (RR) of abnormality on FDT for future scotoma on HFA was estimated. RESULTS: 80 eyes of 42 patients were followed up for 4 years. While 4.0% of normal clusters of HFA with normal FDT results developed into scotoma cluster, 20.8% of normal clusters with abnormal FDT results developed into scotoma cluster with HFA at the third year. RR for future scotoma was 5.24 (95% CI, 2.75 to 10.0, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: An abnormal result in FDT shows a high risk of future scotoma on HFA after 3 years even if the original HFA perimetry showed normal results.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Heme arginate pretreatment attenuates pulmonary NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation induced by hemorrhagic shock via heme oxygenase-1 induction.

Hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation (HSR) induces oxidative stress that leads to acute lung injury. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, is induced by oxidative stress and is thought to play an important role in the protection from oxidative tissue injuries. We previously demonstrated that HO-1 induction by heme arginate (HA), a strong inducer of HO-1, ameliorated HSR-induced lung injury and inflammation. Cellular redox state is known to modulate the DNA biding activity of the transcription factors; nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). In the present study, we treated rats with HA (30 mg/kg of hemin) 18 h prior to HSR and examined its effect on the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB and AP-1 at 1.5 h after HSR. HSR significantly increased the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB as well as AP-1, while HA pretreatment markedly attenuated the activities of these transcription factors. In contrast, administration of tin mesoporphyrin, a specific competitive inhibitor of HO activity, to HA-pretreated animals abolished the suppressive effect of HA on the activities of NF-kappaB and AP-1, and increased these activities to almost the same level as those in HSR animals. Our findings indicate that HA pretreatment can significantly suppress the increased activity of NF-kappaB and AP-1 induced by HSR by virtue of its ability to induce HO-1. Our findings also suggest that HO-1 induced by HA pretreatment ameliorates HSR-induced lung injury at least in part mediated through the suppression of the activities of these transcription factors.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A 2-year follow-up of a study to compare the efficacy of lateral wedged insoles with subtalar strapping and in-shoe lateral wedged insoles in patients with varus deformity osteoarthritis of the knee.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted in order to assess the effect of wearing a lateral wedged insole with a subtalar strap for 2 years in patients with osteoarthritis varus deformity of the knee (knee OA). DESIGN: The setting was an outpatient clinic. The efficacies of the strapped insole and a traditional shoe insert wedged insole (the inserted insole), as a positive control, were compared at the baseline and after 2 years of treatment. Randomization was performed according to birth date. The 61 female outpatients with knee OA who completed a prior 6-month study were asked to wear their respective insoles continuously as treatment during the course of the 2-year study. The femorotibial angle (FTA) was assessed by standing radiographs obtained while the subjects were barefoot and the Lequesne index of the knee OA at 2 years was compared with those at baseline in each insole group. RESULTS: There were 61 patients in the original study, but 13 patients (21.3%) did not want to wear the insole continuously and five (8.2%) withdrew for other reasons. The 42 patients who completed the 2-year study were evaluated. At the 2-year assessment, participants wearing the subtalar strapped insole (n=21) demonstrated significantly decreased FTA (P=0.015), and significantly improved Lequesne index (P=0.031) in comparison with their baseline assessments. These significant differences were not found in the group with the traditional shoe inserted wedged insole (n=21). CONCLUSION: Only those participants using the subtalar strapped insole demonstrated significant change in the FTA in comparison with the baseline assessments. If the insole with a subtalar strap maintains FTA for more than 2 years, it may restrict the progression of degenerative articular cartilage lesions of knee OA.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

A 90-day oral toxicity study of beta-carotene derived from Blakeslea trispora, a natural food colorant, in F344 rats.

A subchronic oral toxicity study of beta-carotene derived from Blakeslea trispora, a natural food colorant, was performed with groups of 10 male and 10 female F344 rats fed the agent at dietary levels of 0%, 0.2%, 1.0% and 5.0% for 90 days. There were no treatment-related adverse effects with regard to body weight, food and water consumption, urinalysis, ophthalmology, hematology, serum biochemistry, and organ weight data. On clinical observation, red coloring of fur was noted in both sexes of the 1.0% and 5.0% group rats, with red feces observed in all treated group animals, and necropsy revealed all rats of the treated groups to have reddish coloration of the contents of the gastro-intestinal tract, due to the pigmentation and thus lacking toxicological significance. On histopathological examination, sporadic spontaneous lesions known to occur in this strain of rats were the only findings, with no specific relation to the test substance. Thus, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) was judged to be a dietary level of at least 5.0% (3127 mg/kg body weight/day for males, 3362 mg/kg body weight/day for females) for beta-carotene derived from B. trispora under the present experimental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

An optimal duration of daily wear for an insole with subtalar strapping in patients with varus deformity osteoarthritis of the knee.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the optimal duration of daily wear for a laterally wedged insole with subtalar strapping in subjects with medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee (knee OA). DESIGN: The setting was an outpatient clinic. Eighty-one patients with knee OA were prospectively randomized according to birth date and to either 2 weeks of treatment with a lateral wedge with subtalar strapping for less than 5 h (the short group), 5-10 h (the medium group) or greater than 10 h (the long group) each day, or to treatment with a subtalar strapping band without lateral wedge (the placebo group). Standing radiographs were used to analyze the femorotibial angle for each subject, both with and without their respective orthotic device. The remission scores of Lequesne index were compared among the four groups at the conclusion. RESULTS: The short (n=21), medium (n=20) and long (n=18) groups demonstrated a significant greater valgus correction of the femorotibial angle than the placebo group (n=22) (P<0.0001). The remission score was significantly improved in the medium group compared to the placebo (P=0.001) and long (P=0.001) groups. CONCLUSIONS: An optimal duration of insole with subtalar strapping wear for patients with varus deformity knee OA may be between 5 and 10 h each day.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Influences on lactate levels in children early after cardiac surgery: prime solution and age.

OBJECTIVE: Hyperlactataemia is often seen after cardiac surgery in children and is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcome, especially in infants and young children. However, we noticed that many older children after cardiac surgery had elevated lactate levels in the absence of other markers of oxygen debt or cardiovascular instability and had an uncomplicated postoperative course. Many older children undergo surgery without blood products being used in the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit prime. The aim of this study was to determine whether lactate levels in children after CBP are influenced by age and/or pump prime solutions. METHODS: We studied 100 children undergoing open heart surgery in a tertiary paediatric cardiac surgical unit. Fifty children were aged 2 months to 4 years (Group 1) and 50 were aged 4 years or older (Group 2). Blood samples were obtained from an arterial catheter and serum lactate levels were collected at the time of admission to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and 4 hours later. The following data were collected from the medical records or laboratory databases: weight, age, lowest haemoglobin during CPB, total bypass time, aortic cross clamp time, priming solution used, length of postoperative ventilation and PICU stay, type of surgery and occurrence of adverse perioperative events, including cardiac arrest, need for extracorporeal support or death. RESULTS: All children in Group 1 had a blood prime. All children in Group 2 had a bloodless prime. Although there were differences in the types of anomalies and surgical procedures performed, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of surgical complexity, CBP time, aortic cross clamp time and haemoglobin during CPB. Lactate levels in children in Group 2 were higher than in Group 1. Sixteen children (32%) in Group 2 had a lactate level of > 4 mmol/L, whereas only 3 children (6%) in Group 1 had a lactate level of > 4 mmol/L (Fisher's exact test p = 0.0002). Using multivariate analysis the pump prime solution was independently associated with high lactate levels after CPB. CONCLUSIONS: Lactate levels after cardiac surgery in older children who have a bloodless prime may not have the same physiological or prognostic implications as in infants who have a blood prime.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

A newly developed peripheral anterior chamber depth analysis system: principle, accuracy, and reproducibility.

AIM: To develop a new, non-contact system for measuring anterior chamber depth (ACD) quantitatively, and to investigate its accuracy as well as interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility. METHODS: The system scanned the ACD from the optical axis to the limbus in approximately 0.5 second and took 21 consecutive slit lamp images at 0.4 mm intervals. A computer installed program automatically evaluated the ACD, central corneal thickness (CT), and corneal radius of curvature (CRC) instantly. A dummy eye was used for investigating measurement accuracy. The effects of CT and CRC on the measurement results were examined using a computer simulation model to minimise measurement errors. Three examiners measured the ACD in 10 normal eyes, and interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility was analysed. RESULTS: The ACD values measured by this system were very similar to theoretical values. Increase of CRC and decrease in CT decreased ACD and vice versa. Data calibration using evaluated CT and CRC successfully reduced measurement errors. Intraobserver and interobserver variations were small. Their coefficient variation values were 7.4% (SD 2.3%) and 6.7% (0.7%), and these values tended to increase along the distance from the optical axis. CONCLUSION: The current system can measure ACD with high accuracy as well as high intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility. It has potential use in measuring ACD quantitatively and screening subjects with narrow angle.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Layer-doubling method in ADF-STEM image simulation.

A layer-doubling method developed in LEED calculation is applied to the ADF-STEM image simulation. This approach makes it possible to simulate image intensities of systems having a repeated slab structure, such as embedded precipitates or defects, with a much higher efficiency because it does not require the diagonalization of repeated slabs. As a simple example of this method, channeling effects are calculated for a system with embedded crystalline displaced slabs for various different slab thicknesses.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Agreement between frequency doubling perimetry and static perimetry in eyes with high tension glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma.

AIMS: To investigate the agreement in results between frequency doubling technology (FDT) and the conventional automated static perimeter in eyes with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and high tension glaucoma (HTG). METHODS: 72 eyes of 36 patients, who had two or more experiences with the Humphrey field analyser (HFA) program C30-2, were examined with the screening C-20-1 program of FDT. The result of FDT at each of the 17 stimulus points was graded as one of four categories. 58 out of 76 test points of HFA were assigned to one of the 17 clusters corresponding to FDT test points. Each cluster was represented as the lowest (scotoma of HFA) or the highest (threshold of HFA) probability symbol of total deviation (TD) of the HFA test points included in the cluster. The agreement between scotoma/threshold of HFA and FDT results was evaluated for NTG and HTG. RESULTS: In a total of 65 eyes, the Spearman coefficients between the FDT and HFA (threshold/scotoma of HFA) were 0.599 and 0.515 (p<0.0001), respectively. In the HFA mean deviation matched 20 HTG eyes and 20 NTG eyes, the number of points with abnormal FDT results were 102 and 62 in eyes with HTG and NTG, respectively. The eyes with HTG had more abnormal FDT results than NTG eyes (p=0.0014, Mann-Whitney U test). The kappa coefficient between FDT and threshold of HFA in eyes with HTG and NTG was 0.288 and 0.520, respectively, and the agreement between FDT and scotoma of HFA was 0.480 and 0.439, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The best agreement of the results of FDT and HFA was observed in eyes with NTG using threshold of HFA. The eyes with HTG showed lower agreement with more abnormal points in FDT results, which suggests enough sensitivity of FDT in eyes with NTG, and higher sensitivity of FDT in eyes with HTG.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

2-Acylimino-3H-thiazoline derivatives: a novel template for platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists.

In the course of our research for the low-molecular weight RGD peptide mimics, we have found that a rigid 2-acylimino-3H-thiazoline structure is suitable for the peptide backbone mimics. Introduction of amidinophenyl and beta-alanine moiety as arginine and aspartic acid side-chain surrogates to this backbone mimic resulted in a highly potent fibrinogen receptor antagonist 2-(4-amidinobenzoylimino)-3,4-dimethyl-N-(2-carboxyethyl)-3H-thiazoline-5-carboxamide (7c), namely PS-028 (Ki = 46.5 +/- 5.8 microM).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Uptake by vascular smooth muscle cells plays an important role in targeting of lipid microspheres incorporating prostaglandin E1 into a thickened intima.

A study was done to determine how lipid microspheres (LM) containing prostaglandin E1 (lipo PGE1) accumulate in injured arterial tissue. After administration of lipo PGE1 labeled with a fluorescence probe, 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI-lipo PGE1) to rats 14 of days after balloon injury of the carotid artery, localization into the injured site was examined using a fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). In contrast with the normal carotid artery, DiI-lipo PGE1 accumulated remarkably in neointima of the injured site which was occupied mainly by the migration of the proliferating and quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). In vitro cellular uptake of DiI-lipo PGE1 was semi-quantitatively measured using CLSM, regarding differentiated and proliferative phenotypes of human vascular SMC, compared with the human endothelial cells (EC) and mouse fibroblasts. The differentiated SMC incorporated DiI-lipo PGE1 to equal or a higher level of the proliferative phenotype, and was significantly higher than EC and fibroblasts. The uptake of DiI-lipo PGE1 by both SMC and EC was inhibited at 4 degrees C, by dansylcadaverine and excessive LM, but was unaffected by cytochalasin B. These results suggest that the uptake of DiI-lipo PGE1 by SMC plays an important role in localization of DiI-lipo PGE1 at the injured site, and that the uptake seems to be a receptor mediated endocytosis.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2001

Optimum treatment strategy for superficial esophageal cancer: endoscopic mucosal resection versus radical esophagectomy.

This study was designed to determine the optimum treatment for a superficial esophageal cancer involving the mucosal or submucosal layer of the esophagus. The subjects were 150 patients with a superficial esophageal cancer who underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or esophagectomy in Kurume University Hospital from 1981 to 1997. The mortality and morbidity rates, survival rate, and recurrence rate were retrospectively compared for (1) 35 patients who underwent EMR and 37 patients who underwent esophagectomy for a mucosal esophageal cancer and (2) 45 patients who underwent extended radical esophagectomy and 33 patients who underwent less radical esophagectomy for a submucosal esophageal cancer. Among the 72 patients with a mucosal cancer, lymph node metastasis/recurrence was observed in only one (1%); whereas of 78 patients with a submucosal cancer it was observed in 30 (38%). Among patients with a mucosal cancer the mortality and morbidity rates after EMR were lower than for those after esophagectomy. The survival rate after EMR was the same as that after esophagectomy. No recurrence was observed after either treatment modality. Among the patients with a submucosal cancer, the survival rate was higher and the recurrence rate lower after extended radical esophagectomy; than after less radical esophagectomy; the mortality and morbidity rates after extended radical esophagectomy were the same as those after less radical esophagectomy. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the treatment modality (EMR versus esophagectomy) did not influence the survival of patients with a mucosal esophageal cancer, whereas it strongly influenced the survival of patients with a submucosal esophageal cancer. We concluded that EMR was the mainstay of treatment for a mucosal esophageal cancer, and extended radical esophagectomy was the mainstay of treatment for a submucosal esophageal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

The effect of energy restriction, walking, and exercise on lower extremity lean body mass in obese women with osteoarthritis of the knee.

Two hundred and twenty-eight Japanese women, aged 45-69 years, with osteoarthritis of the knee (knee OA) and a body mass index of greater than 26.4 self-selected one of the following interventions: (1) a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) alone (NA group; n = 52), (2) the NSAID with nonweight-bearing exercises (NE; n = 49), (3) the NSAID combined with walking (NW; n = 35), (4) an energy restriction diet plus the NSAID (ND; n = 29), (5) the diet combined with the NSAID and strengthening exercises (NDE; n = 37), or (6) the diet combined with the NSAID and walking (NDW; n = 26). Body weight and lower extremity lean body mass (L-LBM), assessed with segmental bioelectrical impedance, were measured at the outset and at 8 weeks in the six therapy groups. Interval changes in L-LBM and L-LBM per body weight (L-LBM/weight) were compared among the six groups at the conclusion. The Lequesne index can index of severity of osteoarthritis of the knee at the final assessment, compared with that at the initial assessment, was significantly decreased in the NE group, but not in the NW or the NA groups (P = 0.023). There was a significant increase in the L-LBM/weight in the NE group, but not in the NA or NW groups (P = 0.002 between NE and NA; P = 0.019 between NE and NW). There was a significant reduction in the Lequesne index in the NDE group in comparison with the ND and NDW groups (P = 0.0001 between NDE and ND; P = 0.0001 between NDE and NDW). There was a significant increase in L-LBM/weight in the NDE group, but not in the NDW or the ND groups (P = 0.011). Adjunctive therapy with nonweight-bearing lower extremity exercises appears to be more efficacious for prevention of lower extremity loss of muscle mass than adjunctive therapy with walking for obese women with knee OA.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Heat shock protein (HSP) 47 and collagen are upregulated during neointimal formation in the balloon-injured rat carotid artery.

Heat shock protein (HSP) 47, a collagen-specific molecular chaperone, is thought to be essential for the proper processing and secretion of procollagen molecules. We investigated the time course and localization of HSP47 and collagen expression after balloon catheter angioplasty in the rat carotid artery, based on the premise that accumulation of extracellular matrix components is a main feature of intimal hyperplasia in humans and in laboratory animals. Low levels of HSP47 expression were evident in uninjured carotid arteries. Northern blot analysis revealed that HSP47 mRNA expression was markedly stimulated 1--3 days after the induced injury and a high level was maintained for 7 days, followed by a gradual decline for up to 21 days after the injury. These changes in HSP47 expression paralleled changes in alpha 1(I) collagen expression. Immunohistochemical staining revealed colocalization of HSP47 and collagen in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the media and intima. In situ hybridization analysis showed that activated SMCs, which proliferated and migrated into the intima, expressed high levels of HSP47. In cultured human aortic SMCs, similar upregulation of HSP47 and alpha1(I) collagen by TGF-beta was noted. These results show that SMCs activated after balloon injury express high levels of HSP47 and collagen during cell proliferation and migration, hence an overproduction of collagen and development of intimal thickening. Thus, HSP47 plays a role in the formation and progression of neointima after angioplasty.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Microsatellite instability and alternative genetic pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) arises from intrahepatic bile duct epithelium and is the second most prevalent among primary liver cancers. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of cholangiocarcinogenesis. METHODS: We studied the incidence of microsatellite instability (MSI) involving eight highly polymorphic microsatellite markers and alternations of the K-ras, p53 and mdm-2 genes in human ICC tissues. Overexpression of mdm-2 oncoprotein was also immunohistochemically studied. RESULTS: Of all 65 cases examined, K-ras gene mutation was found in three cases (4.6%) at codon 12. Analysis of p53 alterations was performed in 28 cases including 22 frozen samples and mutations were found in three cases (10.7%). Overexpression of mdm-2 protein was observed in 25 (41.7%) out of 60 cases analyzed. In 22 frozen samples, seven (31.8%) cases showed mdm-2 amplification and four (18.2%) cases revealed MSI-positive phenotype. Among the cases analyzed, all the tumors with mdm-2 amplification/overexpression harbored the wild-type p53 gene and all the microsatellite instability-positive cases were from mass-forming (MF) + periductal-infiltrating (PI) subtype. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that mdm-2 plays a role, which might be partially through inhibiting p53 activity, in cholangiocarcinogenesis and that M

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Taurine inhibits development of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.

1. The effects of taurine on the development of atherosclerotic lesions were investigated in apolipoprotein (apo) E-deficient mice, an animal model with severe hypercholesterolaemia and extensive atherosclerosis. These mice were fed a normal laboratory chow containing 2% taurine for 12 weeks. 2. Serum total cholesterol was significantly elevated after 12 weeks treatment with taurine. This elevation was due to increases in very low-density lipoprotein- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. 3. Despite such effects on serum lipoproteins, analysis using en face oil red O staining revealed that taurine reduced the area of arterial lipid accumulation by 28%, as measured quantitatively as an index of atherosclerosis. Histological examination also demonstrated a decrease in the size of aortic lesions in taurine-treated mice. 4. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in apoE-deficient mice were higher than in normolipidaemic C57BL/6J mice. Serum TBARS levels were significantly decreased by 12 weeks treatment of apoE-deficient mice with taurine. 5. Thus, taurine prevents the formation of atherosclerotic lesions, independently of serum cholesterol levels, and the results suggest that the anti-oxidative effects of taurine are related to its anti-atherosclerotic actions.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Two configurations of static magnetic fields for treating rheumatoid arthritis of the knee: a double-blind clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of a nonpharmacologic, noninvasive static magnetic device as adjunctive therapy for knee pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, controlled, multisite clinical trial. SETTING: An American and a Japanese academic medical center as well as 4 community rheumatology and orthopedics practices. PATIENTS: Cohort of 64 patients over age 18 years with rheumatoid arthritis and persistent knee pain, rated greater than 40/100mm, despite appropriate use of medications. INTERVENTION: Four blinded MagnaBloc (with 4 steep field gradients) or control devices (with 1 steep field gradient) were taped to a knee of each subject for 1 week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The American College of Rheumatology recommended core set of disease activity measures for RA clinical trials and subjects' assessment of treatment outcome. RESULTS: Subjects randomly assigned to the MagnaBloc (n = 38) and control treatment groups (n = 26) reported baseline pain levels of 63/100mm and 61/100mm, respectively. A greater reduction in reported pain in the MagnaBloc group was sustained through the 1-week follow-up (40.4% vs 25.9%) and corroborated by twice daily pain diary results (p < .0001 for each vs baseline). However, comparison between the 2 groups demonstrated a statistically insignificant difference (p < .23). Subjects in the MagnaBloc group reported an average decrease in their global assessment of disease activity of 33% over 1 week, as compared with a 2% decline in the control group (p < .01). After 1 week, 68% of the MagnaBloc treatment group reported feeling better or much better, compared with 27% of the control group, and 29% and 65%, respectively, reported feeling the same as before treatment (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Both devices demonstrated statistically significant pain reduction in comparison to baseline, with concordance across multiple indices. However, a significant difference was not observed between the 2 treatment groups (p < .23). In future studies, the MagnaBloc treatment should be compared with a nonmagnetic placebo treatment to characterize further its therapeutic potential for treating RA. This study did elucidate methods for conducting clinical trials with magnetic devices.

Arthralgia↗