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Y Todo

Publications and source records attributed to Y Todo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of T-3761, a new quinolone derivative.

T-3761, a new quinolone derivative, showed broad and potent antibacterial activity. Its MICs for 90% of the strains tested were 0.20 to 100 micrograms/ml against gram-positive bacteria, including members of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus; 0.025 to 3.13 micrograms/ml against gram-negative bacteria, including members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and the genus Haemophilus; 0.05 to 50 micrograms/ml against glucose nonfermenters, including members of the genera Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, and Moraxella; 0.025 micrograms/ml against Legionella spp.; and 6.25 to 25 micrograms/ml against anaerobes, including Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium difficile, and Peptostreptococcus spp. The in vitro activity of T-3761 against these clinical isolates was comparable to or 2- to 32-fold greater than those of ofloxacin and norfloxacin and 2- to 16-fold less and 1- to 8-fold greater than those of ciprofloxacin and tosulfoxacin, respectively. When administered orally, T-3761 showed good efficacy in mice against systemic, pulmonary, and urinary tract infections with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including quinolone-resistant Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The in vivo activity of T-3761 was comparable to or greater than those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tosufloxacin against most infection models in mice. The activities of T-3761 were lower than those of tosufloxacin against gram-positive bacterial systemic and pulmonary infections in mice but not against infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The activities of T-3761 against systemic quinolone-resistant Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in mice were 2- to 14-fold greater than those of the reference agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Radionuclear measurement of peripheral hemodynamics in selection of vasodilators for treatment of heart failure.

In order to select the optimal vasodilator for the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), the acute effects of three vasodilators (isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) 5 mg, nifedipine 10 mg, and prazosin 1 mg) on peripheral capacitance and resistance vessels (CV and RV) were evaluated by a newly devised radionuclear technique (Study 1). Thirty-six patients with chronic CHF were divided into Group A (ejection fraction (EF) greater than or equal to 35%, n = 20, mean EF: 47.2 +/- 6.5%) and B (EF less than 35%, n = 16, mean EF: 24.8 +/- 7.1%). ISDN produced the strongest CV dilatation (25% in both groups). Nifedipine reduced RV tone in Groups A and B (14% and 27%, respectively), and CV tone in Group A (6%). Prazosin had the most prominent effects on both vessels in Group B. From these results, it appeared: (a) ISDN is indicated for the cases with increased CV tone, (b) nifedipine is suitable for those with increased RV tone, (c) in cases of increased tone in both vessels, nifedipine (when EF greater than or equal to 35%) or prazosin (when EF less than 35%) is optimal. To evaluate the validity of this assignment, 49 subjects with CHF were divided into Group 1 (n = 16, increased CV tone), Group 2 (n = 17, increased RV tone), and Group 3 (n = 16, increased CV and RV tone) in Study 2. In Group 1, the changes of all indexes were not significantly different between the subjects treated with optimal drug based on the assignment (subgroup P) and those with a non-optimal drug (subgroup N) after 2 wk of therapy. In Group 2, however, improvements of RV tone, EF, and exercise duration in subgroup P were greater than those in subgroup N (31 versus 10%, 21 versus 0%, 41 versus 14%, respectively). In Group 3, the results were the same as in Group 2 (34 versus 19%, 24 versus 8%, 26 versus 9%). These findings suggested that the selection of the optimal vasodilator based on peripheral hemodynamic evaluation with a newly devised radionuclear technique permits more effective treatment of chronic CHF.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Infarct size determined by emission computed tomography using 99mTc-PYP: effect of coronary thrombolysis].

Emission computed tomography with 99mTc-PYP was used to estimate infarct size in 38 patients with documented acute myocardial infarction. In the present study, the effect of thrombolysis with Urokinase on infarct size and on left ventricular function was assessed. Fourteen patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent intracoronary thrombolysis within six hours after the onset of symptoms, and 24 patients who underwent conventional therapy were the subjects of this study. Infarct size was measured by drawing a region of interest around the myocardial pyrophosphate uptake for each tomographic slice. The boundary was then defined as 65% of the maximal count within the region of interest as determined by phantom volume studies. The total number of voxels was obtained by adding those in all slices and multiplying the sum by the voxel volume (0.205 ml per one voxel) to determine the infarct volume. Measurement of the 99mTc-PYP uptake on the tomographic image revealed an average infarct size of 100.1 +/- 36.0 ml (ranged 45 to 198). The calculated infarct volume correlated significantly with sigma CPK (p less than 0.01) and with left ventricular ejection fraction (p less than 0.01), but not with the peak CPK. In patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction, the mean infarct volume was 78.4 +/- 29.1 ml in the coronary thrombolysis group, and 105.1 +/- 33.7 ml in the conventional bypass graft treatment group (p less than 0.05). We concluded that successful intracoronary thrombolysis may reduce infarct size. ECT imaging with 99mTc-PYP to determine infarct size may be clinically applicable in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Right ventricular ejection and regional wall motion evaluated by cardiac blood pool emission computed tomography].

Calculating right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (EF) is difficult because of geometrical problems such as irregular trabeculations, a separate infundibulum, and variations in the right ventricular shape. We performed 99mTc ECG-(dual)gated cardiac blood pool emission computed tomography (ECT) in 10 patients with ischemic heart disease, three patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and eight normal subjects as controls, and RVEF and % shortening of the RV were calculated to evaluate right ventricular function. Methods were as follows: 1) RVEF: The region of interest (ROI) of the RV was determined on reconstructed short-axial images, and then the RV counts in the ROI were summed from the apical slice to the RA-RV boundary slice. (Formula: see text) 2) % shortening of the RV: At the RV mid-portion, the contour from the short-axial image was obtained using the threshold method; the end-diastolic contour was superimposed on the end-systolic contour, and then shortenings in the RV free wall and septum respectively, were calculated. To evaluate reliability of RVEF obtained by this method, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) calculated using the same method was compared with results obtained by the previously validated method: There were significant correlations with contrast cineangiography (r = 0.69) and the conventional multigated method (r = 0.90), respectively. Cases with decreased RVEF showed a variety of right ventricular abnormal findings, including positive uptake on 99mTc-PYP scintigraphy, occlusion of the right coronary artery, RV dilatation on echocardiography. The mean RV free wall shortening in the decreased RVEF group was lower than that of the normal group (p less than 0.01), whereas there was no significant difference in the decreased LVEF group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Studies on monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics. IV. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of (3S,4R)-3-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(Z)-2-(O-substituted oxyimino)acetamido]-4-methyl-1- (1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2-azetidinones.

The synthesis and in vitro activity of the 3-(O-substituted oxyiminoacetamido)-2-azetidinones (IV) possessing a tetrazole moiety at N-1 position are described. The introduction of lipophilic functions into the oxyimino moiety gave in some good activity against staphylococci, but decreased activity against Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, the introduction of hydrophilic functions such as carboxycyclobutane resulted in strong activity against Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and no or very small activity against the staphylococci.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

[Left ventricular asynergy detected by cardiac blood pool emission computed tomography using the subtraction method].

To evaluate left ventricular regional wall motion, ECG dual-gated cardiac blood pool ECT was performed for 25 patients with ischemic heart disease, including 19 cases of myocardial infarction, five cases of angina pectoris, and one case of post A-C bypass surgery. There were six normal controls. Following SPECT obtained using 32 views (180 degrees), the vertical and horizontal long axes were reconstructed from transaxial images. Then, regional wall motion was evaluated from subtraction images; (end-diastolic)-(end-systolic) and (end-systolic)-(end-diastolic) images. SPECT images were compared with left ventriculography (LVG); vertical long-axial ECT images with segments 1-5 of LVG by the AHA classification, and horizontal ECT long-axial images with segments 6 and 7 of LVG, respectively. The subtraction images from ECG dual-gated cardiac blood pool ECT corresponded with left ventriculography in 79.4% of 175 segments in 25 patients with ischemic heart disease (sensitivity 92.6%, specificity 68.0%, and accuracy 79.4%). When wall motion was classified as normal, hypokinesis, akinesis, and aneurysmal, good agreement was observed between the two methods in 68% of these segments. The locations of asynergy as obtained by this method were closely in accord with those of perfusion defects by Tl-201 myocardial SPECT in 74.4% of segments. Left ventricular aneurysms were detected using subtraction image; (end-systolic)-(end-diastolic). We conclude that this subtraction method is useful for evaluating left ventricular asynergy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Radionuclide assessment of peripheral hemodynamics: a new technique for measurement of forearm blood volume and flow.

A new peripheral hemodynamic measurement system using 99mTc-labeled red blood cells has been developed. This method was carried out on 22 normal subjects, 29 with coronary artery disease, and two with dilated cardiomyopathy. Peripheral hemodynamic indices obtained from this method included forearm blood volume (FBV), venous capacity (FVC), venous capacity index (VCI), blood flow (FBF), and vascular resistance (FVR), and were compared with the central hemodynamic parameters of left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP), cardiac output (CO), and total systemic vascular resistance (TSVR) obtained with an invasive technique. The normal values were FBV 8.54 +/- 2.04 ml/100 ml; FVC 4.54 +/- 1.23 ml/100 ml; VCI 65.5 +/- 3.8%; FBF 4.26 +/- 0.56 ml/100 ml/min; and FVR 20.9 +/- 4.4 mmHg/ml/100 ml/min. These values were in good agreement with the values reported using conventional plethysmography. The 16 patients with congestive heart failure (NYHA Class II or III) showed significantly lower FBV, FVC, and FBF values and significantly higher VCI and FVR values than the healthy subjects. Capacitance vessel parameters (FBV, FVC, and VCI) and LVFP, FBF and CO, and FVR and TSVR each showed significant correlation; reproducibility was also good. The advantages of this method are (a) the detector does not come in contact with the region being measured; (b) it is possible to ascertain the absolute quantity of blood in the tissue; (c) extravasation of the plasma component can be ignored; and (d) data processing is simple.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Scintigraphic detection of thrombi using indium-111-labeled autologous platelets].

Intracardiac and arterial thrombi were examined by scintigraphy using In-111-oxine labeled autologous platelets. In 22 cases of myocardial infarction including six with ventricular aneurysms, four had positive findings of thrombi on imaging and detected also by echocardiography. All four had ventricular aneurysms. The so-called "moya-moya" echoes (fuzzy echoes) were demonstrated in two of these four cases. We encountered two cases with positive findings on imaging in 13 with mitral valve disease. These two had systemic embolic episodes after scintigraphic examination. "Moya-moya" echoes were detected in the left atrial cavity in four with negative findings on imaging. Positive images were obtained in two of three with acute arterial occlusive disease, and in both cases platelet deposition was observed in the proximal site of obstruction. Though thrombectomy was performed for one of these two cases, no thrombus was detected at the site of platelet deposition. After one month, re-examination revealed only negative findings in all sites in both these patients. In the six cases of aortic aneurysm, three had platelet deposition within their aneurysms, and surgery was performed for these positive cases, but one of them had no thrombus. Positive images were obtained in only one of seven patients with chronic arterial occlusive disease. Coagulation tests and platelet studies were investigated for patients with positive or negative platelet scans. Only the data of the thrombo-test showed a significant difference (97 +/- 9% vs 23 +/- 7%, p less than 0.001). Three cases of positive imaging became negative after anticoagulant therapy. We tried ECT for eight cases 24 hours after injection of In-111-oxine labeled platelets. Three cases showed clear images of thrombi, while the planar images could not detect them at an early stage. Therefore, we propose that ECT can be a useful technique for diagnosing intracardiac thrombi in early stage.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A systematic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy technique in invasive cervical cancer for preserving postsurgical bladder function.

The objective of this study is to describe a technique for preserving the autonomic nerve systematically, including the hypogastric nerves, pelvic splanchnic nerves, and pelvic plexus and its vesical branches, based on anatomic considerations for the autonomic nerves innervating the urinary bladder, in radical hysterectomies and to assess postsurgical bladder function. A nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy was carried out on 27 consecutive patients with uterine cervical cancer treated between 2000 and 2002. The FIGO stages of the disease consisted of 10 stage Ib1, 6 stage Ib2, 3 stage IIa, and 8 stage IIb. The nerve-sparing procedure was successfully completed in 22 of the 27 patients (81.5%) in the study. At 1 year after the operation, bladder symptoms were significantly improved in the nerve-sparing group compared to the non-nerve-sparing group. Urinary incontinence and abnormal (diminished) bladder sensation were observed in three of the five patients (two patients had both symptoms), for whom the nerve-sparing procedure could not be performed, but none of the 22 patients for whom the nerve-sparing procedure was performed had incontinence, and only two patients had abnormal (increased) bladder sensation (P= 0.0034 for incontinence and P= 0.030 for abnormal bladder sensation). The patients' survival was not adversely affected by the nerve-sparing procedure. Although it is still preliminary, the surgical technique described in this report is thought to be effective for preserving bladder function, and thus, the quality of life could be improved for patients with cervical cancer who are treated with a radical hysterectomy. For further evaluation of the efficacy of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy, a prospective randomized trial needs to be performed.

Adenocarcinoma↗