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Biomedical subjects

Y Uji

Publications and source records attributed to Y Uji.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

EEG findings in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy.

OBJECTIVES: We showed previously that temporal low-voltage irregular delta waves (TLID) on EEG are indicative of cerebrovascular dysfunction in its early stages. The present study was designed to determine whether the incidence of this finding is elevated in diabetics as compared to normal controls. METHODS: EEGs of 50 diabetics and 50 normal controls were examined. Relationships of blood sugar levels, levels of HbA1C and stages of diabetic retinopathy to TLID were also examined. RESULTS: TLID was found in 56% of EEGs of the diabetics and in 14% of EEGs of the controls (P < 0.0001). The occurrence of TLID was also associated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the incidence of cerebrovascular dysfunction is elevated in diabetics. Since TLID was associated with diabetic retinopathy, it seems possible that the TLID detected in diabetics might reflect certain functional changes induced by microangiopathy of the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Homogeneous assay for measuring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with triblock copolymer and alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate.

We have developed a fully automated method for measuring LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) in human serum without the need for prior separation, using a nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolyether (POE-POP), and a sodium salt of sulfated cyclic maltohexaose, alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate. Of the surfactants tested, POE-POP with a higher molecular mass of the POP block and a greater hydrophobicity reduced the reactivity of cholesterol in lipoprotein fractions; the reactivity in descending order was LDL >> VLDL > chylomicron approximately HDL. Gel filtration chromatographic studies revealed that POE-POP removed lipids selectively from the LDL fraction and allowed them to participate in the cholesterol esterase-cholesterol oxidase coupling reaction system. By contrast, alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate reduced the reactivity of cholesterol, especially in chylomicrons and VLDL. A combination of POE-POP with alpha-cyclodextrin sulfate provided the required selectivity for the determination of LDL-C in serum in the presence of magnesium ions and a small amount of dextran sulfate without precipitating lipoprotein aggregates. There was a good correlation between the results of LDL-C assayed by the proposed method and the beta-quantification reference method involving 161 sera with triglyceride concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 22.6 mmol/L.

Automation↗
PubMed1998

Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate in normal and detached cat retina.

PURPOSE: Glutamate immunoreactivity in the mammalian retina has generally been observed using immersion fixation. The authors investigated glutamate immunoreactivity in the detached cat retina and reevaluated this activity in the normal retina using rapid fixation by perfusion. METHODS: Unilateral retinal detachment was produced in cats by injecting 0.25% sodium hyaluronate into the subretinal space using a glass micropipet. The eyes were fixed by perfusion with a mixture of 1% glutaraldehyde and 4% formaldehyde 10 minutes and 60 minutes after detachment, and then they were examined by conventional light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: In contrast to previous reports based on immersion fixation, the inner segment was not glutamate immunopositive in the normal retina. The inner segment showed intense glutamate immunoreactivity 10 minutes and 60 minutes after retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS: Glutamate immunoreactivity in photoreceptor inner segments may be a postmortem change induced by strong ischemia. Perfusion fixation is of critical importance when studying the immunocytochemical distribution of glutamate in the retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Four newborns with retinopathy similar to oxygen-induced retinopathy].

We report 4 fullterm newborns who developed retinopathy similar to oxygen-induced retinopathy after high concentration oxygen therapy for pneumothorax and emphysema. Two of them had a severe condition, showing marked dilatation, winding, and abnormal branching of the retinal vessels, especially veins, and retinal trubidity. Comparison between the 4 patients and controls without such retinopathy suggested that factors such as the oxygen concentration, the duration of oxygen therapy, the gradual reduction method, and the high level and changes in PaO2 were involved in the development of the retinopathy. Even in fullterm infants, treatment should be performed with consideration of the possible occurrence of changes in the eye fundus.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Ultrasound biomicroscopic view of detachment of the ciliary epithelium in retinal detachment with atopic dermatitis.

PURPOSE: The authors evaluated the effectiveness of ultrasound biomicroscopy to determine the condition of the ciliary body during perioperative examinations of patients with atopic dermatitis and retinal detachment. METHODS: The authors compared two groups of patients with atopic dermatitis and retinal detachment. Parameters included patient age, gender, eye, cataract, type and location of breaks, macular involvement, detachment of the ciliary epithelium, and preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuities. Group 1 included six patients (nine eyes) who were examined before surgery and after surgery using ultrasound biomicroscopy, with which the authors also measured the maximum height of the detachment of the ciliary epithelium. Group 2 included 10 patients (13 eyes) who did not undergo ultrasound biomicroscopy. RESULTS: In group 1, ultrasound biomicroscopy showed ciliary epithelium detachment in all eyes before surgery and in eight of nine eyes after successful retinal reattachment. The height of the ciliary detachment, however, decreased dramatically after surgery. Although almost all the parameters between groups 1 and 2 were similar, the authors observed a significant difference in the incidence of preoperative diagnosis of ciliary detachment (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is beneficial in detecting detachment of the ciliary epithelium. The residual shallow detachment that remains after successful surgery suggests the fragility of the ciliary body.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A novel automated assay for malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes.

We have developed a new automated method for the determination of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isoenzymes in serum employing guanidine hydrochloride. Our proposed method showed good reproducibility; within-run precision coefficient of variations (CVs) were less than 2.5 (mean 13.6-42.9 U/L) for total MDH (T-MDH) and less than 6.7% (mean 6.3-23.5 U/L) for mitochondrial MDH (m-MDH) (n = 10). The upper detection limit of the proposed method exhibited good linearity up to 1,000 U/L for both T-MDH and m-MDH. In the proposed m-MDH reagent, the presence of up to 2,000 U/L of cytosolic MDH(c-MDH) activity had no effect on the outcome of m-MDH assay. Results of our proposed method (y) correlated well with those of the electrophoretic method (x) giving the regression equation: y = 1.46 x + 6.87 (N = 30); r = 0.99. Normal concentrations of various anticoagulants and bilirubin did not affect the assay results. Both ascorbic acid and glucose exhibited a slight positive interference with the proposed assay. Clinically, we found that m-MDH activity in serum had greater diagnostic predictive value than T-MDH activity for judging successful outcome of reperfusion therapy; the prognosis was poor when the m-MDH/T-MDH ratio was greater than 20%.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Lingual carcinoma. Correlation of MR imaging with histopathological findings.

PURPOSE: To determine the utility of MR imaging in the evaluation of lingual carcinomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven patients with lingual carcinoma were evaluated with MR imaging including dynamic study within one week before surgery. Nine patients underwent preoperative chemotherapy or irradiation, and 2 patients had no preoperative treatment. Delineation of the tumor, the contrast between tumor and surrounding tissue, and extent of the tumor were evaluated in a blinded manner. After glossectomy, MR images were correlated with pathological findings. Statistical analysis was performed on the visual assessment ratings. RESULTS: Blinded evaluation suggested that dynamic and T2-weighted images (T2WI) were significantly superior to postcontrast T1WI in demonstrating the lesion. There were no significant differences between dynamic MR images and T2WIs. However, histopathological correlation showed that in patients with preoperative treatment, dynamic MR imaging demonstrated more accurately the size and extent of the residual tumor than did T2WI and postcontrast T1WI, which tended to demonstrate an area of signal abnormality that was more extensive than the true size of the residual lesion. In patients without preoperative treatment, dynamic MR imaging, T2WI, and postcontrast T1WI gave an equivalent depiction of the extent of the carcinoma. CONCLUSION: In patients with no preoperative treatment, dynamic MR imaging does not appear to offer any advantage over T2WI. However, in patients with preoperative treatment, dynamic MR imaging provides a more accurate assessment of the residual tumor than do T2WI and postcontrast T1WI.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Corneal thickness mapping with an ultrasound biomicroscope].

We developed a corneal thickness mapping system with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Perpendicular section ultrasonic echo images of cornea within a radius of 2.5 mm from the center of the cornea in normal eyes were digitized and analyzed with a computer. Pachymetric maps were then represented by a color scale. Individual corneal thickness mapping will be necessary in refractive surgery and helpful in understanding pathologic states.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Plasma allantoin in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis].

Recently, it has been noted that radical molecules participate in the pathogenesis of some of the complications associated with long-term dialysis therapy, such as amyloidosis. Since allantoin is produced from uric acid almost exclusively by the hydroxy radical, we investigated the plasma concentrations of allantoin in 71 patients with chronic renal failure who were on maintenance hemodialysis. Our specific objective was to investigate the relation of allantoin to the plasma concentrations of beta2-microglobulin and methylguanidine to evaluate the potential of allantoin as a significant parameter of the radical reaction. Although plasma allantoin was not detected in 15 healthy controls, plasma concentrations of allantoin increased markedly in all of the hemodialysis patients (42.6 +/- 37.7 nmol/mL) and wide variation was observed from 4.3 to 185.2 nmol/mL. In addition, we confirmed significant correlations between plasma concentrations of allantoin and beta2-microglobulin as well as serum concentrations of methylguanidine/creatinine and hyaluronic acid (r - 0.456, p < 0.0005, r = 0.313, p < 0.005, r = 0.368, p < 0.01, respectively). Although evidence for a direct link between plasma allantoin levels and amyloidosis was not obtained, the increase in the plasma concentrations of allantoin suggested its clinical significance as a parameter of the radical reaction that is thought to participate closely in the pathogenesis of dialysis-related amyloidosis. From a practical point of view, the measurement of plasma allantoin can be expected to become a significant method of measuring radical members which may be useful in the prophylaxis of some of the complications induced by free radicals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Morphological classification of retinal ganglion cells in mice.

Mice have been used for extensive studies on optic nerves and retinal ganglion cells, but mouse retinal ganglion cells have not been classified morphologically. In the present study, normally placed retinal ganglion cells and displaced retinal ganglion cells in pigmented and albino mice were classified morphologically using horseradish peroxidase. These cells were classified into three types according to the sizes of the soma and the dendritic field: type I cells, large soma and large dendritic field; type II cells, small-to-medium soma and small dendritic field; and type III cells, small-to-medium soma and large dendritic field. Some ganglion cells had both symmetric and asymmetric cells. Each type was further subdivided according to the termination level of dendrites in the inner plexiform layer and the dendritic branching pattern. Except for type III displaced ganglion cells, dendrites of the normally placed ganglion cells and the displaced ganglion cells ramify in the outer two-fifths of the inner plexiform layer (sublamina a) or the inner three-fifths of the inner plexiform layer (sublamina b). Type III displaced ganglion cells ramify only in sublamina a. Dendrites of some normally placed type I ganglion cells ramify in both sublaminae. Displaced biplexiform cells were observed, the dendrites of which ramify in both the inner and the outer plexiform layers. All cell types were found in both mouse strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of monoclonal and polyclonal enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent (ELISA) assays for serum Lp(a) and differences in reactivities to Lp(a) phenotypes.

We have prepared a monoclonal antibody to Lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] and have used it to develop an ELISA test for assaying Lp(a) in serum. The monoclonal antibody employed in the assay system reacts uniformly with S1, S2, S3 and B phenotypes of isoforms, and no cross-reaction with plasminogen at a concentration of 100 mg/dL was observed. Results of the monoclonal ELISA assay were similar to those obtained with a polyclonal antibody ELISA method and demonstrated a correlation coefficient, r = 0.99 with the equation for the regression line: Y(proposed) = 1.06 x (polyclonal antibody reference ELISA test) = 0.36 (N = 51). Inter- and intra-assay precision(CVs) of the monoclonal ELISA assay were between 2.2-3.6% at a mean Lp(a) concentration range of 19.1-68.2 mg/dL,(N = 12). Assay results of various standards were compared by both monoclonal and polyclonal antibody ELISA tests. We observed some discrepancies between expected concentrations and the polyclonal antibody ELISA assay results, which is thought to be more uniformly reactive to the various Lp(a) phenotypes. The monoclonal antibody employed in our proposed method reacts uniformly with Lp(a) phenotypes, and the assay exhibits excellent sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy and is well suited for clinical use.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Measurement of Lp(a) with a two-step monoclonal competitive sandwich ELISA method.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of Lipoprotein (a)[Lp(a)] measurements by a competitive two-step monoclonal enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay method comparing them with those by a conventional ELISA. METHODS: Serum having various isoforms of Lp(a) and purified Lp(a) were assayed using the method described here and commercially available kits. The reference range was determined with the use of 324 normal subjects by means of calculation from Lp(a) results of logarithmic transformation. RESULTS: Our method takes advantage of a competitive reaction between fixed antibody and free antibody to Lp(a), having the detection range up to 1000 mg/L with the lowest detection limit of 2 mg/L. The anti-Lp(a) monoclonal antibody employed in the assay system reacts uniformly with all phenotypes of Lp(a) but showing very low cross-reactivity for plasminogen and LDL. Within-run and between-run precisions were excellent, giving CVs of 2.9 and 4.0% with mean values of 145 and 635 mg/L, respectively. In comparison of the results by our method with those by a polyclonal method (Biopool) or a monoclonal antibody method (Terumo), they correlated well; Y (our method) = 0.99 x (polyclonal method, Biopool) - 1.9, r = 0.994 (n = 60), and Y = 0.94 X(monoclonal method, Terumo) -9.8, r = 0.97 (n = 60), respectively. The reference range was 105.9 +/- 25.4 mg/L, the difference between the sexes was not significant. CONCLUSION: Our method has proven highly accurate and specific. It is applicable with auto analyzer because it does not require such a pre-dilution step as is necessary for Lp(a) determination by conventional ELISA assay. Accordingly, we can conclude that our test method is workable for both clinical laboratories and mass screening.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1995

Superselective intraarterial infusion of cisplatin for squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth: preliminary clinical experience.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the initial clinical response to superselective intraarterial infusion of cisplatin for treating stage III and stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients received intraarterial cisplatin therapy. The tumors were located in the tongue (n = 7), gingiva (n = 3), buccal mucosa (n = 1), hard palate (n = 1), and floor of the mouth (n = 1). A coaxial technique was used to place microcatheters in the lingual, facial, inferior alveolar, buccinator, and distal internal maxillary arteries, depending on tumor location. The feeding vessels were identified by staining the tumor with infusion of indigocarmine dye in the selected vessel. Relatively low-dose cisplatin (30-40 mg/m2) was injected at the rate of 50 mg/hr. Two or three injections were performed, with a 1-week interval between injections. After chemotherapy, eight patients underwent surgery, four had radiation therapy, and one had both. RESULTS: Thirty-four intraarterial infusions were done successfully without any complications. Arterial infusion of indigocarmine dye was useful for exact identification of feeding vessels, especially when the tumor was extensive, at the margin of the arterial supply, or near the midline. The overall response rate was 92% (complete response [tumor completely resolved], 38%; partial response [tumor reduction > or = 50%], 54%). Ten of 13 patients had no recurrence from 4 to 19 months (mean, 10 months) after treatment. Two patients died of metastatic diseases 6 months after surgery or radiation therapy. One patient had local recurrence 8 months after surgery and postoperative irradiation. No systemic toxicity such as renal failure, liver dysfunction, or bone marrow suppression was observed. Mild and transient local toxicity such as edema or mucositis of the infused area was relatively common. Trigeminal neuralgialike symptoms and reduced mouth opening occurred in two cases and one case, respectively, probably due to direct toxicity to the peripheral trigeminal nerve and masticatory muscles, respectively. CONCLUSION: Superselective intraarterial infusion of low-dose cisplatin is feasible and safe and may have important applications in treating advanced carcinoma of the mouth.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Characteristics of various labeled chemiluminescent compounds].

A chemiluminescence has a diverse range of analytical applications and an attractive analytical method for the third generation analysis because a high sensitive luminometer is now available for use with chemiluminescent reactions. A combination of chemiluminescence and a high technology provides a high sensitive assay system for biological substances such as peptide, hormones, antigen and antibody. Characteristics of luminol-dioxetane- and acridium-derivatives as a labeled chemiluminescent compound are reviewed for applications on CLIA and CLEIA.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1995

[A case of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with cilioretinal artery occlusion].

We report a case of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) with cilioretinal artery occlusion. The patient was a 61-year-old man with sudden visual loss in his right eye. Funduscopy showed pale swelling of the entire optic disc with retinal ischemic edema of the upper half of the retina, and fluorescein angiography revealed faint filling of the dye in the optic disc in the retinal arterial phase, and dye staining of the optic disc in the late phase. We initially diagnosed the disease as AION with branch retinal artery occlusion, but systemic administration of a corticosteroid and urokinase were ineffective and the optic disc became atrophic. As the optic disc swelling decreased and the course of arteries in the optic disc became clear, we repeated fluorescein angiography which proved that the involved upper retinal artery was a cilioretinal artery having earlier dye appearance than the lower retinal artery. Thus, we finally diagnosed the disease as AION with cilioretinal artery occlusion. We believe that Hayreh's view that AION may result from occlusion of the posterior ciliary artery is supported by the intraocular findings in this case.

Ciliary Body↗