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Biomedical subjects

Y Vardi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Vardi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Intracavernous pharmacotherapy for treatment and evaluation of impotence].

Impotence affects about 10% of all men. During the past decade it has been treated with self-injection of vasoactive drugs into the erectile tissue. In 1982 Virag reported experience with intracavernous injection of papaverine. Since then other vasoactive drugs, such as prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), have been used successfully, and self-injection has been advised. Between 1987-1989 we evaluated 550 patients with erectile dysfunction and 95 aged 21-79, mean 53.7, were found suitable for this treatment, of whom 80 were entered into an autoinjection protocol, of 74 were treated with a mixture of papaverine and regitine and 6 with PGE1. The volume of the injections ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 ml, and erections lasted from 15 minutes to 8 hours. 72% of the patients continued autoinjection during a mean follow-up of 9.9 months and were satisfied with the results. There were 5 cases of corporal fibrosis, and 3 cases had prolonged erections, usually after the papaverine test. The method is simple and inexpensive, and allows many impotent men to resume sexual life. It is a good alternative to the insertion of a penile prosthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hemodynamics of pelvic nerve induced erection in a canine model. I. Pressure and flow.

Using a previously developed canine model of erection, we measured pudendal artery and venous flow as well as pressure in the corpora cavernosa, glans penis, pudendal artery and vein. Penile erection was induced by pelvic nerve stimulation. Arterial flow increased by a factor of 2.5 within two seconds after the onset of stimulation. This was followed by a similar increase in venous flow about one second later. Spongiosal pressure began to rise about six seconds after nerve stimulation and always remained below cavernosal pressure. Cavernosal pressure began to rise after a latency of about 11 seconds. This latency period is accounted for by relaxation of the smooth muscle of the cavernosal sinusoids. Spongiosal pressure is maintained primarily by a high flow state through the glans penis while cavernosal pressure depends on a veno-occlusive mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Inhibitory effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on penile erectile function in the rat.

1. An increase in corporal pressure was elicited in pithed rats by stimulation of the sacral part of the spinal cord. This response was inhibited by intravenous injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (ED50 = 28.5 +/- 2.2 micrograms kg-1). 2. The inhibitory effect of 5-HT was blocked by methysergide and methiothepin (each 1 mg kg-1), but not by ketanserin (0.02 mg kg-1), MDL 72222 (1 mg kg-1) or prazosin (0.1 mg kg-1). 3. An inhibitory effect on the corporal pressure response to spinal stimulation was also produced by 5-carboxyamidotryptamine (ED50 = 5.6 +/- 2.8 micrograms kg-1), but not by m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), RU 24969, 8-hydroxy-2-[di-n-propyl-amino]-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) or fenfluramine (doses up to 1-2 mg kg-1). 4. Neither methiothepin (1 mg kg-1) nor clomipramine (1 mg kg-1) had any effect on the frequency-response curve for increase in corporal pressure by spinal stimulation. 5. The results indicate that 5-HT exerts an inhibitory action on penile erection by a peripheral mechanism. This effect may be mediated by vasoconstriction in cavernosal vessels, or inhibition of release of a vasodilator neurotransmitter. From the spectrum of agonist and antagonist responses, the receptor involved may be of the 5-HT1D subtype.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Intracorporeal calcifications after self-injection of papaverine.

Penile indurations were found at follow-up examination in six of 120 patients with erectile dysfunction who practice intracavernosal self-injection of papaverine-phentolamine. In four of these six, cavernosal calcifications were demonstrated by means of ultrasound (US) and radiography. Most of the calcifications were close to the site of injection, but some were more distant. Cavernosal calcifications must be considered a possible complication of self-injection of papaverine-phentolamine. Baseline US and radiographic studies of the penis are advisable before starting treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Fracture of double-J ureteric stents: a report of two cases.

Two cases are reported of fracture of the double-J ureteric stent during its prolonged placement for extracorporeal ultrasound shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The causation of such fracturing is discussed and it is recommended that double-J stents employed in long-term ESWL be renewed within 5 months of their initial placement.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Urinary retention due to catheter occlusion by worms.

Herein we report a very rare case involving acute occlusion of a Foley catheter by worms. The treatment consisted of removal of the occluded catheter followed by bladder washing with a Betadine solution mixed with normal saline and introduction of a new catheter.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Post-prostatectomy continence in the parkinsonian patient: the significance of poor voluntary sphincter control.

A retrospective urodynamic study of 50 parkinsonian patients was done to determine the incidence and causes of post-prostatectomy incontinence. At presentation 22 per cent of the patients were incontinent. In 36 patients who underwent transurethral prostatectomy the incontinence rate was 17 per cent preoperatively and 28 per cent postoperatively. There was a clear association between normal voluntary sphincter control and urinary continence. After transurethral prostatectomy 5 of 6 patients continent preoperatively (83 per cent) who had abnormal sphincter control became incontinent compared to 1 of 24 (4.2 per cent) who had normal sphincter control. We conclude that the major risk of incontinence following prostatectomy in the parkinsonian patient is associated with lack of voluntary sphincter control.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

A canine model for hemodynamic study of isolated corpus cavernosum.

We developed a canine model which permits hemodynamic study of the isolated corpus cavernosum. The arterial and venous flow to the corpus cavernosum was measured and pressure was measured in each corpus cavernosum separately. To provide controlled inflow to the corpora, each side was perfused separately with the aorta clamped. It was demonstrated that arterial and nerve supply to the corpus cavernosum is crossed. During unstimulated corporal perfusion, venous outflow from the corpora increased with increased perfusion rate up to a maximum of 40 ml./min. Following pelvic nerve stimulation, intracorporal pressure increased at much lower rates of perfusion. Moreover, it was noted that intracorporal pressure was not transmitted from one side to the other. Thus, in the canine model, each corpus cavernosum may act as a control for the contralateral one. The technique we used to measure venous outflow from the corpora cavernosa, previously undescribed, permits accurate depiction of the hemodynamics of penile erection.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Quantitative renal blood flow in urinary tract obstruction.

Technetium-labeled red blood cell scintigraphy using a bolus injection was used to obtain a noninvasive quantitative measurement of renal blood flow. The method used is an adaptation of the one used for calculating cerebral blood flow which involves deconvolution of the first pass of the isotope through the kidneys. The relative renal blood flow of 18 normal patients and 18 patients with unilateral urinary tract obstruction was performed. All patients with obstruction, but one, were reexamined after surgery. There was a significant difference between the normal and partially obstructed patients (p less than 0.001) and between those with partial and complete obstruction (p less than 0.01). After surgery a statistically observable improvement in the relative renal blood flow was obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Escherichia coli adherence to human transitional cell tumors: a simple research model of bacterial attachment to the lower urinary tract.

A simple model for assaying bacterial adherence to the urinary tract is presented. Cell suspensions of freshly excised transitional cell tumors were used as substrata for attachment of 3H-adenine-labeled Escherichia coli urine isolates. Quantitative radioactive counts were confirmed by microscopic observations in replicate assays of each condition tested. This model provided for species and organ specificity in studies of the bacterial adherence role in urinary tract infections.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1985

Preoperative evaluation of prostatic size by urethral pressure profilometry.

A prospective study was conducted on 41 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. All patients underwent preoperative gas urethral pressure profilometry. The results showed an accurate correlation between prostatic profile length and prostatic urethral length, as measured after enucleation. The same correlation is found between the above parameters and the weight of the enucleated adenoma. Our results support the value of urethral pressure profile as a useful procedure in the preoperative estimation of prostatic size.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

In vivo adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to rat bladder epithelium.

To date, the study of bacterial adherence to uroepithelial cells has utilized considerable variation in methodology, resulting in highly divergent conclusions. In an attempt to standardize methodology, a modified method is described to more accurately measure the in vivo bacterial adherence to rat bladder uroepithelium utilizing Pseudomonas species labeled with 2-[3H]adenine. Two isolates of P. aeruginosa were selected for more intensive study; one showed consistently good adherence; the second strain always adhered poorly, thus providing a negative control. Maximum adherence was detected after 60 min of incubation. Neither of the two Pseudomonas isolates when examined by transmission electron microscopy showed evidence of pili formation. The morphological features of Pseudomonas adherence to bladder mucosa as studied by scanning electron microscopy are described.

Animals↗