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Biomedical subjects

Y Waisman

Publications and source records attributed to Y Waisman.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Prospective randomized double-blind study comparing L-epinephrine and racemic epinephrine aerosols in the treatment of laryngotracheitis (croup).

Aerosolized racemic epinephrine, but not L-epinephrine, is commonly used in treating croup. The efficacy and adverse effects of nebulized racemic and L-epinephrine in the treatment of laryngotracheitis were compared. Children 6 months to 6 years of age with a croup score of 6 or above were assigned in a randomized double-blind fashion to receive either racemic (n = 16) or L-epinephrine (n = 15) aerosols. Croup score, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, fraction of inspired oxygen, and oxygen saturation were recorded before treatment and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the aerosol. Patients in both groups showed significant transient reduction of the croup score and respiratory rate following the aerosol (P less than .001), but there were no differences between treatment groups when croup score, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate were assessed over time. It is concluded that L-epinephrine is at least as effective as racemic epinephrine in the treatment of laryngotracheitis and does not carry the risk of additional adverse effects. L-Epinephrine is also more readily available worldwide, is less expensive, and can be recommended for this purpose.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1991

Modulation by opiates of small intestinal prostaglandin E2 and 3',5'cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and of indomethacin-induced ulceration in the rat.

We studied the effect of parenteral morphine and naloxone administration on intestinal mucosal Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 3',5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and on indomethacin-induced intestinal ulceration in the rat. Compared to the control group, morphine significantly decreased whereas naloxone markedly increased both PGE2 and cAMP mucosal levels, respectively. Morphine or naloxone alone did not cause mucosal injury. However, when given with indomethacin, morphine significantly potentiated the ulcerogenic effect of indomethacin while naloxone exerted a protective effect. These results suggest that opioid peptides may play a role in modulation of intestinal mucosal PGE2 and cAMP levels. In addition, enhancement of indomethacin-induced ulcer formation by morphine and amelioration by naloxone might be in part mediated through their effect on mucosal PGE2 and cAMP levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

In-flight esophageal variceal bleeding en route for liver transplantation: a case report and review of the literature.

Esophageal variceal bleeding owing to portal hypertension is a potential threat in pediatric patients awaiting liver transplantation. We report a case of a three-year-old boy with severe congenital hepatic fibrosis, Caroli's disease, and portal hypertension who developed a life-threatening variceal hemorrhage for the first time in his life during commercial air transport to a liver transplantation center. Factors precipitating variceal bleeding are discussed, particularly those resulting from changes in altitude. It is recommended that prophylactic treatment for variceal bleeding be at least considered in children awaiting liver transplantation prior to prolonged air transportation. Because of differences in capabilities of treatment providers in various locales, and because there are as yet no conclusive data, the treatment of choice must be decided on an individual basis. Equipment for treating in-flight hemorrhage should be available.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of a tympanic thermometer to rectal and oral thermometers in a pediatric emergency department.

We performed a clinical trial of a new tympanic thermometer to test its accuracy in a pediatric emergency department. Tympanic temperature was compared to oral or rectal glass and electronic temperature, depending on the developmental age of the child. Results were controlled for age of the child, cooperation, quantity of cerumen, and the presence or absence of otitis media. Our results suggest good correlation of tympanic with oral and rectal glass thermometry except in infants less than three months of age. Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 80% and 93% for detecting fever of 38 degrees C and 80% and 95% for detecting fever of 38.5 degrees C.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effect of sucralfate on experimental colitis in the rat.

The therapeutic effect of sucralfate on ulcerated gastric and duodenal mucosa is well known. There is, however, almost no information about its activity in colitis. Experimental colitis was produced in rats by rectal instillation of 1 ml of 10 percent acetic acid, and 1.5 ml of a 20 percent suspension of sucralfate was then administered every 12 hours for various lengths of time. Study animals and appropriate controls were killed after 3, 7, 10, or 14 days. The distal colons were studied macroscopically and histologically. Colonic prostaglandin E2 levels were measured in animals killed after 3, 7, 10, or 14 days. The macroscopic score was significantly improved 10 and 14 days after induction of colitis, although the histologic appearance was unchanged. Acetic acid administration increased and sucralfate treatment reduced prostaglandin E2 levels in colitic animals on days 3 and 7, but not later. The present study supports a role for sucralfate in the treatment of colitis, but further studies on the mechanism of its effect and on its clinical activity are indicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Failure of etretinate therapy in twins with severe congenital lamellar ichthyosis.

We cared for twin females with severe lamellar exfoliation of the newborn (collodion babies) and a family history of death of two brothers at age 3 months. The twins were given a controlled trial of etretinate (Ro 10-9359, Tigason) after not responding to other therapeutic modalities. One of the infants received 1 mg/kg body weight of the drug for 24 hours, while her identical twin sister did not have the medication. Monthly skin biopsies taken from both patients during nine months of therapy did not demonstrate any histologic difference under light microscopy. The clinical course in both infants was basically the same. Etretinate plasma level measurements proved that the drug was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. We conclude that in the very severe forms of congenital lamellar ichthyosis, oral retinoids may fail to produce any beneficial effects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Sucralfate is protective against indomethacin-induced intestinal ulceration in the rat.

The therapeutic effects of sucralfate on ulcerated gastric and duodenal mucosa is well known. There is, however, very little information about its effect on the mucosa of the small intestine. We studied the possible protective effect of sucralfate against indomethacin-induced intestinal ulceration in the rat. Sucralfate was found to possess a marked protective effect on the intestinal mucosa (ulcer index 23.16 +/- 6.58 vs. 225 +/- 36.37; p less than 0.001). Sucralfate elevated basal mucosal prostaglandin E2 generation (p less than 0.001), and partially overcame the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 synthesis caused by indomethacin (p less than 0.03), but had no effect on mucosal cAMP level. The effect of sucralfate on prostaglandin E2 content might partially explain its protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Stress fractures: a diagnostic problem.

Three cases of stress fracture, in which diagnosis was aided by sequential radiographs and radionuclide scanning are presented; and a procedure for their management, which attempts to eliminate the need for invasive investigations, is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Pentagastrin protects the proximal small intestine against indomethacin-induced ulcers in the rat.

The possible protective effects of pentagastrin on indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulceration were investigated in rats. Ulcers were induced by subcutaneous injection of 30 mg/kg indomethacin, 30 min after refeeding rats fasted for 24 h. Administration of pentagastrin at a dose of 250 or 400 micrograms/kg i.p., 3 h prior to refeeding, reduced total ulcer area from 27.6 +/- 6.5 to 7.2 +/- 1.97 mm2 (mean +/- SEM; p less than 0.02) in the proximal small intestine only. Cyclic adenosine monophasphate, but not prostaglandin E2 levels were significantly raised by 250 micrograms/kg pentagastrin (0.15 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.38 +/- 0.07 pmol/mg protein; mean +/- SEM; p less than 0.02) in the same intestinal segment.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Naloxone is protective against indomethacin-induced intestinal ulceration in the rat.

Naloxone, an opiate antagonist, was reported to protect against stress ulcers in dogs and rats. We studied its possible protective effect against indomethacin-induced intestinal ulceration in the rat. Naloxone was indeed found to possess a marked protective effect on the intestinal mucosa (ulcer index 73.3 +/- 13.6 vs. 273.8 +/- 21.8, p less than 0.001). Naloxone was found to elevate basal intestinal mucosal prostaglandin E2 (p less than 0.001) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels (p less than 0.005) but was unable to overcome the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 caused by indomethacin. An increase of cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels was seen, however, even in the presence of indomethacin, suggesting that cyclic adenosine monophosphate, but not prostaglandins, may play a role in the protective effect of naloxone.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gerstmann tetrad in leopard syndrome.

We report a 12-year-old boy with multiple lentigines (Leopard) syndrome who was evaluated for learning difficulties and Gerstmann tetrad syndrome (i.e., dyscalculia, left-right disorientation, finger agnosia, and dysgraphia). Cranial computed tomography revealed left ventriculomegaly, more pronounced in the occipital horn suggesting mild atrophy of the left parietal lobe. This is the first report of an association between the Leopard and Gerstmann syndromes and one of the few to demonstrate a computed tomographic abnormality in the latter.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗