A new diarrhea pathogen: entero-adherent-invasive-toxigenic Escherichia coli.
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DNA, Bacterial↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Wu
Publications and source records attributed to Y Wu.
[The incidence of hypertension and associated factors in 10 population groups of China].
OBJECTIVE: To study the natural populations studied including 3 groups of workers, 6 groups of farmers and 1 group of fishermen, distributed in Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shanxi, Shannxi, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and Guangxi Autonomous Region. METHODS: In 1982-1985, a total of 25656 persons (male 13,390, female 12,266) aged 35-59 were surveyed for the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. RESULTS: 20641 (male 10584, female 10057) of them were re-examined in 1988-1989, giving a response rate of 80.5%. During the 5 year follow-up period, the incidence of definite hypertension was 1.20% (male) and 1.07% (female), with the borderline plus definite rates being 3.27% and 2.68% per year, respectively. The incidence varied from 0.76% to 5.62% per year for borderline plus definite. The incidence was higher in the north than in the south, higher in farmers than in workers, and lowest in fishermen. The incidence rates were higher in men than in women, and the older the age, the higher the incidence of hypertension. Both univariate and logistic regression indicated that the main risk factors of hypertension are the levels of baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, and alcohol intake, all of which showed a dose-response relation to the incidence rate of hypertension. These relationships were affected by age; the younger, the more marked the increase of relative risk (RR) with risk factor levels. After adjusting for age, sex and location by logistic regression, with every 10 mmHg increase of SBP or DBP within the normotensive range, or every 1 unit increase of BMI, the RR of hypertension was -- estimated to increase by 71.5%, 102.4% and 10.8%, respectively. No significant relationship was found between the level of serum cholesterol and the incidence of hypertension, but persons with faster heart rates showed a higher RR. CONCLUSION: Primary prevention of hypertension in persons should be started before age of 35 years.
Adult↗
The mechanism of cytoprotective action of lazaroids I: Inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation and lethal cell injury during periods of energy depletion.
Tirilazad mesylate and related compounds, known as lazaroids, are recognized as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation that also act as free radical scavengers. These compounds have demonstrated protective activity in animal models of traumatic head injury and cerebral ischemia. In this study we used an in vitro cell model to investigate the mechanism by which tirilazed mesylate and related antioxidants delay or prevent the lethal cell injury provoked by chemically induced energy depletion. When the cultured human astrocytoma cell line UC-11MG was treated with the metabolic inhibitor sodium iodoacetate for 4 hr, the cells exhibited signs of irreversible cell injury, including alterations in plasma membrane morphology, the breakdown of membrane phospholipids (release of arachidonic acid into the extracellular medium) and the loss of viability as indicated by the leakage of cytoplasmic components. A large quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected in the injured cells by a dichlorofluorescin assay. Increases in early lipid peroxidation products were detected as elevated hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in the membrane phospholipds, which indicated that the membrane lipids were oxidatively damaged. The addition of tirilazad mesylate, a troloxamine derivative or the common phenolic antioxidant nordihydroguaiaretic acid effectively prevented the increases in ROS, attenuated the elevation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and delayed irreversible cell injury. We propose that the destruction of crucial cell constituents in the lipophilic compartments by ROS is one of the major causes of lethal cell injury. The cyytoprotective action of the lazaroids in related, as least in part, to their ability to block the formation of ROS and to arrest the secondary cell injury.
Arachidonic Acids↗
Presence of antibodies to heat stress proteins and its possible significance in workers exposed to high temperature and carbon monoxide.
Antibodies to the ubiquitous group of stress proteins known as heat shock proteins (Hsps) have been found to be associated with a number of diseases in humans. Hsps are known to be induced by certain xenobiotics, some of which are common in the working environment. The biological significance of the presence of such autoantibodies is presently unclear. In the present study, we used immunoblotting to investigate the presence of antibodies against the different stress proteins, Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp71, Hsc (heat shock cognate) 73 and Hsp89 alpha and beta in groups of workers exposed to high temperature or carbon monoxide. These data were related to a detailed clinical evaluation and to various laboratory measurements including electrocardiogram (ECG), B echogram, white blood cell counts and typing, the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lymphocyte DNA damage. Antibodies to Hsp27 and Hsp71 were found more frequently in the high temperature and carbon monoxide-exposed groups than in controls (P < 0.05). The carbon monoxide-exposed group showed the highest incidence of anti-Hsp antibodies. Anti-Hsp60 antibodies were only detected in workers exposed to high temperature or carbon monoxide. The percentage of workers with abnormal ECG, B echogram changes and displaying hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) was higher in the carbon monoxide group than in the control group (P < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the activity of ALT in the high temperature and carbon monoxide groups and in the activities of ACP and ALP in the carbon monoxide group (P < 0.05). The extent of DNA damage measured in lymphocytes was higher in workers from the high temperature and carbon monoxide-exposed groups. We suggest that the increased frequency of antibodies to Hsps is the result of these damages of the release of denatured Hsps and of a decrease in the phagocytic ability of macrophages in these workers. The data gathered in the present study show a statistical relation between the occurrence of antibodies against Hsps and the frequency of health problems in workers and suggest a potential role for the antibodies as useful biomarkers to assess whether workers are experiencing environmental stress.
Antibodies↗
[Some thoughts on clinical family planning studies].
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Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
[A phase III multicentre study on medical termination of early pregnancy with two regimens of mifepristone followed by PG05].
OBJECTIVE: To compare use-effectiveness and side-effects of medical termination of early pregnancy by oral administration of separated doses of mifepristone 150 mg or single dose of mifepristone 200 mg followed by PG05 1 mg vaginally in 4500 healthy pregnant women with amenorrhea < or = 49 days in a phase I multicentre study. METHODS: All subjects were recruited in 30 clinics after obtaining informed consents. RESULTS: The complete, incomplete abortion and continuous pregnancy rates were 88.6%, 8.1%, 1.7% and 92.0%, 5.8%, 0.8% in single dose and separated doses groups, respectively. The efficacy of termination of early pregnancy by mifepristone 150 mg in separated doses was higher than that in single dose of mifepristone 200 mg when both in combination with PG05 1 mg (P < 0.01). One case of allergic rash was noted after administration of mifepristone. No severe side-effects were observed except bleeding problems. 65 cases received emergency vacuum aspiration and 7 of them received blood transfusion due to heavy bleeding. In addition, 2 cases of ectopic pregnancies required blood transfusion as heavy bleeding caused by exfetation disruption. There was no significant difference in to the time to start bleeding and the days of bleeding lasted between two treatment groups. However, there was a significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) between diameters of SAC and the days of bleeding lasted. CONCLUSIONS: Logistic regression analysis suggested that subject's age, gravidity and days of amenorrhea have significant effects on abortion efficacy. 75.2% of subjects are satisfactory in self-assessment of the treatment, and 81.8% of subjects will choose medical abortion method in case they need to terminate undesired early pregnancy in the future.
Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
[Chemical constituents of the fruits of Vitex trifolia L].
Five compounds were isolated from the fruits of Vitex trifolia and identified on the basis of spectral data and chemical methods to be rho-hydroxybenzoic acid, beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside, casticin and, 3,6,7-trimethylquercetagetin. Except beta-sitosterol all of the compounds were obtained from the fruits of the plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
[Inhibitory effect of radix et rhizoma Rhei on the production of lipid peroxides (LPO) in mice liver].
The experiment has shown that the aqueous extract and alcohol extract of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei can markedly inhibit the production of LPO in mice liver in vitro, and the aqueous extract also restrains the LPO increase in mice liver-caused by adriamycin or D-galactose.
Aging↗
[Effect of IL-4 on biological regulation of tumor cell lines].
The effect of IL-4 on biological regulation of tumor cell lines was observed by using human recombinant interleukin-4. The observation included cell proliferation, differentiation, cell surface marker and cytokine secretion. The effect of IL-4 on cell proliferation of nine cell lines was different. It showed 4/9 inhibitory effect, 3/9 enhancing effect and 2/9 no effect. The inhibitory effect of IL-4 on U937 cell proliferation was correlated with cell differentiation. IL-4 enhanced the expression of cell surface markers (including MHC class I, MHC class II and TAA) of some cell lines. Furthermore, IL-4 inhibited the production of IL-2 by MLA144. The preliminary results indicate that the effect of IL-4 on biological regulation of tumor cell lines is benefitial for controlling tumor cell growth and enhancing tumor cell recognition by effector cells. However, the down regulation also could be exerted.
Animals↗
[Curative effect of Interfon-Alpha in children with infectious mononucleosis].
Thirty-one cases of infectious mononucleosis treated with Interfon-Alpha were reported. The dose of intramuscular injection was one million units per day for 5-7 days. The recovery course of fever, angina, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly was much shorter in the study group than in the control group (27 cases). The results suggested that interfon-Alpha should be efficacious against EBV activity and might shorten the course of this disease.
Antiviral Agents↗
Approaches and reconstruction in skull base operation.
OBJECTIVE: To design convenient lateronasal and infrafrontal approaches or lateronasal subvolution approach to radically resect skull base tumors involving cranial cavity. METHODS: From 1987 through 1994, 22 patients with malignant tumors, 6 with benign tumors, one with a giant sphenoid sinus cyst and one with intranasal meningoencephalocele underwent the operation. Twenty-three cases had anterocranial fossa involved; 4, midcranial fossa; 2, anteromedial cranial fossa; and 1 case, posteromedial cranial fossa. Among the patients with malignant tumors, 11 underwent expansive maxillectomy and 10 had orbital contents resected. The intracranial approaches through lateronasal and infrafront (21 cases), nasal columella lateral subvolution (3 cases) and other approaches were used. RESULTS: The reconstruction of bony skull base defect in excess of 3.00 cm x 3.00 cm with total front musculocutaneous flap (8 cases), galeal and pericranial flap (5 cases) or other tissues (3 cases) has effectively prevented meningoencephalocele. Twelve cases had the dura resected in a range of 2.00 cm x 2.00 cm to 7.00 cm x 6.00 cm. Reconstruction of the dura defect with autofascia lata in 9 cases and other tissues in 3 cases effectively prevented the cerebrospinal fluid leak. Eight of 22 (36.4%) patients with malignant tumors have been alive and free of disease for 3-7 years after the operation. Six patients with benign tumors, one patient with giant sphenoid sinus cyst and one with meningoencephalocele were cured with this reconstructing method. CONCLUSIONS: Frontal musculocutaneous and pericranial flaps have advantages over free bone because of easy surviving and easy operating without occurrence of osteonecrosis and exclusive reaction.
Adolescent↗
An epidemiological survey on use and abuse of antianxiety drugs among Beijing residents.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current trend of use and abuse of antianxiety drugs in Beijing residents in 4 urban and 2 rural areas. METHODS: A cluster sampling household survey of 6567 subjects out of 3000 families was made by 6 local grass roots mental health centers collaboratively. Screened with designed questionnaire, the positive addicted subjects were examined with present state examination (PSE), eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) and social disability screening schedule (SDSS) to detect their psychosocial status. RESULTS: Benzodiazepine (BZD) has been widely prescribed and the rate of usage for 1 year is 61.82/1000, whereas the rate of dependence is 16.29/1000, constituting 1/4 of long-term users. This study also indicates that Valium is a most preferred drug among all available BZD used by the majority of addicted subjects. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the reported dependence is not epidemic but iatrogenic in nature attributable to persistent misuse of BZD. It is stressed that guideline of rational clinical application of BZD should be laid down so as to markedly reduce further possible misuse and abuse of the drugs of this kind.
Adolescent↗
[The experimental treatment of laryngeal cancer using local draining lymph node lymphocytes].
In order to know whether laryngeal cancer draining lymph node lymphocytes (INL) have antitumor effects in vivo, we transfered IL-2 activated LNL to nude mice with human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma line PHC3 xenografts, and observed a suppressive effect on tumor growth. It was also found in the epitype changes of LNL by indirect immunofluorencence method the major composition of freshly isolated LNL was CD3+ T cells in which there were more Th/i cells than Ts/c cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 3.30 +/- 0.653. No evidence of lymphocytes multiplication or CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ epitype changes was found after short term IL-2 culture, but we found more HLA-DR+, CD25+ cells which means there was an increase in activated lymphocytes after culture. The experiment suggests that laryngeal cancer draining lymph node lymphocytes have antitumor effects in vivo after IL-2 short term culture, and can be used in clinical immunotherapy.
Aged↗
[Progresses in family planning in China, 1996].
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Contraceptive Agents, Female↗
[Antibody-targeted radio-chemotherapy of human primary liver cancer with radio-iodinated AFP monoclonal antibodies conjugated with mitomycin C: a preliminary clinical observation].
A "dual-warhead missile" made of 131I-AFP monoclonal antibody conjugated with mitomycin C was prepared. Twelve patients with moderately advanced and advanced primary liver cancer (PLC) were treated by i.v. injection of the antibody preparation. Tumor decrease in size was observed in 45.5% of the treated patients and decline in serum AFP level was seen in 83.3%. The one-year survival rate was 45.5%. Antibody-targeted radio-chemotherapy is a treatment of choice for advanced PLC patients.
Adult↗
[In vivo antitumor effects of polyethylene glycol--modified recombinant human interleukin-2 on mouse uterine cervical carcinoma].
Polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000) -modified recombinant human interleukin-2 (PEG-rIL-2) is a cytokine with prolonged circulatory half-life. In this paper, the antitumor effects of PEG-rIL-2 against mouse uterine cervical carcinoma (U14) transplanted intraperitoneally or subcutaneously is reported. PEG-rIL-2 at different doses was administered intratumorally. The results showed that PEG-rIL-2 (4,500 IU, i.p., QD x 5) prolonged survival time of mice bearing ascites tumor as compared to rIL-2 (P < 0.01), but PEG-rIL-2 at lower doses was without therapeutic effect. In addition, compared to rIL-2, PEG-rIL-2 at different doses (1,500-13,500 IU, QD x 5) caused significant dose-dependent growth inhibition of solid tumor (P < 0.01) when the treatment started on lay 4 after subcutaneous inoculation of tumor.
Animals↗
[One-stage rectal carcinoma extirpation and anus reconstruction by transplanting the gracilis muscle].
This article reports 16 cases of rectal carcinoma, who underwent Miles operation of carcinoma extirpation and immediate transferring the gracilis muscle to reconstruct the anal sphincter. The gracilis muscle flap was pedicled with vessels and nerve. The operation kept the anus at an anatomically normal position with good sphincteric function.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Upper mediastinum invaded by thyroid gland carcinoma: a review of 24 patients].
Thyroid carcinoma may invade the upper mediastinum by direct extension of the primary or metastases to the paratracheal or retroclavicular-parajugular lymph nodes. From 1962 to 1994, 24 (16 papillary, 3 follicular, 3 medullary, and 2 undifferentiated) of 1204 thyroid cancer patients (2%) received trans-sternal cervico-mediastinal tumor resection. The tumor was resected totally in 16 patients, and residual at the time of initial operation in 8 patients. 9 patients were recived radiation therapy after surgery. The five-year survival was 64.7% and the 10-year survival was 46.7%. All of the patients who lived over 5 years had papillary carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗