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Biomedical subjects

Y Y Shih

Publications and source records attributed to Y Y Shih.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Expression of the Epstein-Barr virus BHRF1 gene, a homologue of Bcl-2, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated closely with the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The EBV gene product, BHRF1, has been demonstrated in vitro and is structurally and functionally similar to the oncogene bcl-2, that is able to protect cells from programmed cell death. To determine whether the BHRF1 gene is expressed in vivo, BHRF1 mRNA or protein were sought in tissues from NPC and non-NPC patients. BHRF1 transcripts were specifically detected in the NPC tumours (32 out of 44, 72.7%) rather than the non-NPC tissues (0 out of 25) by reverse transcription, polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization. Other EBV genes, such as the lytic gene BZLF1 and latent genes EBNA1 and LMP2A, were also investigated. BZLF1 transcripts also were found specifically in NPC tumours (33 out of 44, 75%). EBNA1 was expressed in 79.5% of NPC, and 28% of non- NPC, tissues and LMP2A was expressed in 70.5% of NPC, and 88% of non-NPC, tissues. BHRF1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in 4 metastatic NPC, of 36 NPC tissue sections available. The BHRF1 protein was distributed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the neoplastic epithelial cells. IgG antibody against the BHRF1 protein was detected in 6 of 17 (35. 3%) NPC plasma, but the protein and IgG were both absent from the non-NPC controls. BHRF1 DNA sequences were determined for 11 NPC and 3 non-NPC samples. No sequence was specific for the EBV isolates from NPC tissue. Amino acids 79 and 88 always appeared in the same form, however, for every tested isolate and both were valine or leucine. This particular characteristic was not present in the B95-8 strain or in the corresponding regions of homologues, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, and was regarded as unique to Oriental EBV strains.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1999

The new design of an infrared-controlled human-computer interface for the disabled.

This paper reports on the development of an eyeglass- type infrared (IR)-controlled computer interface for the disabled. This system may serve to assist those who suffer from spinal cord injuries or other handicaps to operate a computer. This system is comprised of three major components: 1) an infrared transmitting module, 2) an infrared receiving/signal-processing module, and 3) a main controller, the Intel-8951 microprocessor. The infrared transmitting module utilizes tongue-touch circuitry which is converted to an infrared beam and a low power laser (<0.1 mW) beam. The infrared receiving/signal-processing module, receives the infrared beam and fine tunes the unstable infrared beam into standard pulses which are used as control signals. The main controller is responsible for detecting the input signals from the infrared receiving/signal-processing module and verifying these signals with the mapping table in its memory. After the signal is verified, it is released to control the keys of the computer keyboard and mouse interface. This design concept was mainly based on the idea that the use of an infrared remote module fastened to the eyeglasses could allow the convenient control of the input motion on the keys of a computer keyboard and mouse which are all modified with infrared receiving/signal-processing modules. The system is designed for individuals with spinal cord injuries and disabled in which the subjects' movement are severely restricted. The infrared transmitting module can be easily mounted on eyeglasses or artificial limbs.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Antibody against the Epstein-Barr virus BHRF1 protein, a homologue of Bcl-2, in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) open reading frame BHRF1, a homologue of the oncogene bcl-2, was cloned from a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The resulting recombinant BHRF1 fusion protein, with an apparent molecular weight of 35 KD, was used as antigen in an immunoblotting assay for IgG antibody in human sera. Anti-BHRF1 antibody was detected in 57 (61.3%) of 93 patients with NPC, 5 (5.7%) of 87 patients with nonmalignant diseases of the nasopharynx, and in 1 (1.3%) of 78 healthy blood donors. The positivity rate in these nonmalignant patients was 4.4 times that of the normal controls. Negative results were observed in four patients with infectious mononucleosis and patients with other cancers, including 4 with esophageal cancer, 11 with lung cancer, 10 with lymphoma, 13 with gastric carcinoma, 10 with cervical carcinoma, and 10 with other head and neck cancers. Antibody neutralizing EBV DNase and IgA antibody to viral capsid antigen (VCA) were assayed in parallel. The results showed that 7.5% of the NPC patients were negative for anti-DNase and anti-VCA antibodies and EBV infection could be detected by the anti-BHRF1 antibody alone. The demonstration of anti-BHRF1 antibody in most NPC sera strongly supports the hypothesis that the EBV BHRF1 protein is expressed in most NPC patients and its specific antibody can be a useful marker for the diagnosis of NPC.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Morphometry of human leukocytes.

In order to establish quantitative models of leukocyte functions, several morphometric parameters on individual white cells are needed. These include the diameter, volume, and membrane area of the cells and their nuclei in the undeformed state. A stereologic method was used to obtain these quantities from transmission electron microscopy of random sections through human white blood cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils). In order to estimate possible artifacts due to preparation of the cells for transmission electron microscopy, a detailed comparison with light microscopy was made. The results show that undeformed white cells in isotonic solution are spherical with many membrane foldings and have a significantly smaller diameter than that measured on blood smears. A method of chemical fixation was employed so that the shrinkage due to fixation of the cells is below the resolution of light microscopic measurements. Further, it was shown that all leukocytes, including lymphocytes, have much more membrane area than is needed to cover their volumes, and this membrane area remains constant when the cell is hypotonically swollen.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inflammatory orbital pseudotumor.

1. Inflammatory orbital pseudotumor, a term used to describe any idiopathic inflammatory lesion of orbital tissue that simulates a neoplasm of the orbit, is a definite clinical entity masquerading in various forms and covering a wide spectrum of periocular lesions. 2. Inflammatory orbital pseudotumor has a good prognosis with steroid therapy. Once it is suspected, prompt and effective treatment must be given as soon as possible, even before laboratory work-up has been completed. 3. A great deal of investigative study must be done to rule out any other life-threatening diseases. Long-term follow-up is mandatory because malignant or monoclonal transformation is possible.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗