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Biomedical subjects

Y Yamashiro

Publications and source records attributed to Y Yamashiro.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pseudohyperkalaemia in Kawasaki disease.

Pseudohyperkalaemia was observed in 3 of 16 patients with Kawasaki disease showing remarkably increased platelet counts. Their plasma potassium concentration, which is not affected by in vitro coagulation, was in the normal range despite the increased serum level. A significant correlation was observed between the platelet count and the increase in the serum potassium level resulting from blood coagulation, which was estimated by subtracting the plasma potassium level from the serum level. This study indicates that pseudohyperkalaemia should be considered in patients with Kawasaki disease whose platelet counts are markedly increased.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Prostaglandin E1, E2, and F2 alpha in human milk and plasma.

Concentrations of prostaglandin E1, E2, and F2 alpha (PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha) were determined in milk and plasma from mothers of 9 preterm and 11 term infants. The concentration of PGE1 in milk was similar to that in plasma, and the concentrations of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were approximately 1.2-2 times higher than those in plasma. However, no significant differences in the levels of PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha were observed between the foremilk and hindmilk, among the colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk, and between preterm and term milk. Further studies have to be performed to confirm that the stable levels of PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha in human milk found in this study play an important role in the gastrointestinal function of infants.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1992

Presence of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in tissue extracts of antrochoanal polyp.

Using a biochemical technique, the authors characterized and identified a plasminogen activator (PA) derived from tissue extracts of antrochoanal polyp (AP) and paranasal mucous membrane (PMM) with chronic sinusitis. The results of fibrin zymography indicated that the tissue extracts of AP revealed two lytic zones and that those of PMM revealed a single lytic zone on fibrin-agarose plates. One of the AP zones exhibited the same relative mobility as the PMM zone (molecular weight: 65 kd), while the other AP zone had a smaller molecular weight (about 54 kd). Goat immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction of antihuman uterine tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) inhibited the 65-kd lytic zones of AP and PMM. Antihuman low-molecular-weight urokinase inhibited only the 54-kd lytic zone of AP, and nonspecific goat IgG failed to inhibit any of the lytic zones. On the other hand, 10(-2) mol trans 4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexane-carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) inhibited all of the lytic zones. No lytic zones could be observed on plasminogen-free fibrin-agarose plates. These findings confirmed that the tissue extracts of PMM contained t-PA, and that those of AP contained both t-PA and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). In addition, it appeared that u-PA in inflammatory tissue was related to proliferative changes of the mucous membrane.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Fatty acid and prostaglandin metabolism in children with diabetes mellitus. II. The effect of evening primrose oil supplementation on serum fatty acid and plasma prostaglandin levels.

Our previous study demonstrated that levels of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid in serum total lipids decreased in association with increased plasma levels of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In this study, 11 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the effect of dietary supplementation with gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) on serum essential fatty acid and plasma PGE2 and PGF2 alpha levels. GLA was given as the seed oil from the evening primrose (EPO) and all patients received either EPO capsules (containing 45 mg of GLA and 360 mg of linoleic acid) or indistinguishable placebo capsules for 8 months. Initially patients took 2 capsules daily for 4 months then 4 capsules daily for a further 4 months. All patients were assessed at the start of the study, after 4 months and at the end of the study, by measuring serum essential fatty acid and plasma PGE2 and PGF2 alpha levels. After administration of 4 capsules daily the DGLA levels increased and PGE2 levels decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) in the EPO compared with the placebo group. Neither fatty acid nor PGE2 and PGF2 alpha levels were altered by administration of 2 EPO capsules daily. This suggests that the altered essential fatty acid and PG metabolism in diabetes may be reversed by direct GLA supplementation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Heterogeneity of islet cell autoantibodies in terms of insulin release from rat islets and insulinoma cells.

The clinical significance of cytoplasmic islet cell autoantibodies (ICA) has been studied since their discovery by Bottazzo et al. in 1974. Some ICAs destroy pancreatic B cells in the presence of complement, whereas others take no part in this destruction. This suggests that islet function varies with the amount of ICA produced. In the present investigation we report the heterogeneity of monoclonal islet cell antibodies produced by one of us in terms of insulin release from isolated rat islets as well as from rat insulinoma cells (RINr).

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1990

Lack of favorable effect of immunomodulators on outbred syngeneic rodent islet transplantation.

We studied the effect of two immunomodulators, lobenzarit disodium and OK-432, on outbred syngeneic islet transplantation. Six hundred fresh islets taken from two male Wistar rats were transplanted intraportally into other male Wistar rats that had been made diabetic with streptozotocin. Lobenzarit was given to 12 recipients and OK-432 to seven recipients intraperitoneally for 1 month, while nine controls received only intraperitoneal saline. Both drug-treated groups could not maintain lower fasting plasma glucose levels or higher fasting body weights at each time as compared with controls. The islet survival time in lobenzarit-treated (23.5 +/- 8.0 days) and OK-432-treated (25.3 +/- 13.4 days) groups was not longer than that (21.6 +/- 9.4 days) of the control group. All the pancreatic insulin contents of the seven surviving controls, ten surviving lobenzarit and five surviving OK-432 recipients were less than 0.8% of the mean insulin content obtained from 12 normal male rats. The hepatic insulin content of both drug-treated groups was not higher than that of the control group. These results suggest that lobenzarit disodium and OK-432 cannot protect outbred syngeneic islet grafts.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

Prostaglandin and fatty acid metabolism in patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia.

The relationship between essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency and disturbance of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis was studied in children after radical operation for extrahepatic biliary atresia (EBA). In addition, to investigate the method for treatment of postoperative EFA deficiency and disturbance of PG biosynthesis, the serum fatty acid and plasma PG levels were determined before and after supplementation of an EFA-rich powder (38 g of linoleic acid per 100 g of powder) through Suruga II enterostomy. Before administration of the EFA-rich powder, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, PGE1, and PGF2 alpha levels were significantly lower in both good bile excretion and poor bile excretion groups than in the control group. After administration, linoleic acid and PGE1 levels significantly increased in the good bile excretion group as compared with the preadministration values. These results suggest that the supplementation of EFA-rich powder is an effective treatment for linoleic acid deficiency and disturbance of PGE1 biosynthesis in postoperative EBA patients.

Alprostadil↗