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Biomedical subjects

Y Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Yoshida.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Abuse of "BRON": a Japanese OTC cough suppressant solution containing methylephedrine, codeine, caffeine and chlorpheniramine.

1. The paper describes the mental disturbances of 44 abusive cases of "BRON," an over-the-counter (OTC) cough suppressant solution containing methylephedrine, codeine, caffeine, and chlorpheniramine. 2. Major psychiatric symptoms observed included hallucinatory-paranoid state and affective disorder. There also were groups which exhibited a combination of the two states and abuse only. 3. The hallucinatory-paranoid state group had a relatively small BRON usage amount, short usage term and few withdrawal symptoms. The affective disorder group, in contrast, had large usage amount, longer usage term, and showed significant autonomic nerve disorders during withdrawal. These tendencies were seen more clearly in the mixed state group. 4. The hallucinatory-paranoid state group showed little or no physical dependence, while that of the affective disorder group was thought to be firmly established. Thus, in the former group, methylephedrine was considered the major behavior modifying drug, while in the latter, it was thought to be codeine.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography for on-line simultaneous determination and resolution of enantiomers of verapamil and its metabolites.

An on-line simultaneous assay for the enantiomers of verapamil (VA) and its three metabolites in plasma was developed with column-switching HPLC. This system consists of an ovomucoid protein chiral stationary phase coupled to an achiral reversed-phase column via a dilution tube and a trapping column. The reversed-phase column was used to separate and quantitate VA, its metabolites, and internal standard, without interference from plasma components. Then each of the eluates containing VA and its metabolites was selectively switched into a sampling loop, and the samples were transferred successively to the trapping column after dilution with a new mobile phase. After concentration on the trapping column, each sample was passed to the ovomucoid column, where the enantiomers were resolved and quantitated. The mobile phases for both HPLC columns were independently optimized and the diffusion of the sample during column switching was minimized. This method was shown to be efficient and reliable.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1991

Hydration of fibrinogen, fibrin, and fibrin degradation product (FDP) as estimated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

The relaxation times (T1 and T2) of water proton in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were measured with solutions containing bovine fibrinogen (Fbg), fibrin degradation products (FDP) and with fibrin-gel (Gel), at varying protein concentrations (0.7-70 mg/ml). Both T1 and T2 declined exponentially with increasing protein concentration. At a protein concentration of 35 mg/ml, the T1 of Fbg, Gel and FDP were 2.32, 2.12 and 2.82 s and the T2 values were 0.35, 0.17 and 0.70, respectively. The relaxation times for the control samples (0.2 M borate buffer) were 3.41 (T1) and 2.28 (T2). When the relaxation rates (the inverse of T1 and T2), R1 and R2 were plotted against the protein concentration, there were positive linear correlations between them. Using the slopes of the plots, the hydration value of each protein was calculated. The hydration value (g of H2O/g of protein) was 0.24 for Fbg, 0.34 for Gel and 0.14 for FDP.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Antitumor effect of 22-oxa-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, on rat mammary tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.

The effect of 22-oxa-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (22-oxa-1,25(OH)2D3) on the growth of autochthonous rat mammary tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was examined on the basis of our previous finding that this synthetic vitamin D3 analog has a potent angiogenesis inhibitory effect. Two doses of 22-oxa-1,25(OH)2D3, 0.1 and 1 microgram/kg of body weight, due to the limited amount of the compound available, were used. The daily administration of 22-oxa-1,25(OH)2D3 at the dose of 1 microgram/kg/day resulted in significant inhibition of the growth of these mammary tumors at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after the administration of this agent, although the agent caused little or no regression of the tumors. After daily administration for 3 weeks, a significant antitumor effect was also observed in the group treated with 0.1 microgram/kg/day. Treatment with 22-oxa-1,25(OH)2D3 did not affect the serum calcium levels in the treated rats. The lower dose of 22-oxa-1,25(OH)2D3 neither affected weight gain nor caused a decrease in body weight, while the higher dose, although having some effect on weight gain, did not induce a decrease in body weight. There were no significant differences in the weights of adrenals, uteri and ovaries between the treated groups and controls. These results suggest that 22-oxa-1,25(OH)2D3 has a significant growth inhibitory effect on DMBA-induced autochthonous mammary tumors in rats, without producing severe side effects, including hypercalcemic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1991

The role of endogenous angiotensin II in antidiuresis and norepinephrine overflow induced by stimulation of renal nerves in anesthetized dogs.

We examined the possible involvement of endogenous angiotensin II (ANG II) in norepinephrine (NE) overflow and antidiuresis induced by renal nerve stimulation (RNS). RNS at a frequency of 0.5-2.0 Hz, which did not influence renal hemodynamics, produced significant reductions in urine flow and urinary excretion of sodium, and elevations in NE secretion rate (NESR) and renin secretion rate (RSR). Intrarenal arterial (i.r.a.) infusion of phentolamine (10 micrograms/kg/min) abolished the RNS-induced antidiuresis. In dogs receiving captopril (15 micrograms/kg/min i.v.), RNS-induced antidiuresis and increase in NESR were significantly attenuated. The i.r.a. administration of propranolol at 5 micrograms/kg/min, a dose that inhibited completely the RNS-induced increase in RSR, did not influence the alterations in NESR and urine formation in response to RNS. During ANG II infusion (1 ng/kg/min i.r.a.), RNS produced a reduction in urine formation and an increase in NESR, at a magnitude similar to that seen without ANG II infusion. These results suggest that RNS at a low frequency increased the NESR and RSR without affecting renal hemodynamics and that the antidiuretic effect was probably produced via the activation of postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors, but not via the ANG II receptor, located on the renal tubules. The release of NE appears to be modulated by ANG II through the activation of a facilitatory prejunctional mechanism, which is maximally stimulated by endogenously and locally generated basal levels of ANG II.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1991

Molecular cloning and characterization of form I antigen genes of Shigella sonnei.

Sau3AI-generated DNA fragments of the Shigella sonnei large plasmid encoding the form I antigen were cloned into Escherichia coli with cosmid vector pHSG262. One resulting plasmid, designated pJK1137, was studied further. Restriction endonuclease mapping and analysis of transposon Tn3 insertion mutants demonstrated that the form I antigen genes were located within a region of about 12.6 kb consisting of the two contiguous HindIII fragments of 1.26 kb and 12.4 kb. The results of complementation studies between Tn3 insertion mutants of pJK1137 and recombinant plasmids carrying different parts of the form I antigen genes indicated that the 12.6 kb DNA sequence contained at least four gene clusters, regions A, B, C and D. Analysis of radioactively labelled proteins in minicells demonstrated that the DNA sequence of about 12.6 kb coded for at least four specific proteins of 42, 23, 48 and 39 kDa. The former two were coded by region A, the latter two by region D.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1991

Protooncogene (C-Myc) expression in the infiltrating cells of lesional skin from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Polyclonal activation of lymphocytes due to an unknown cause is considered to be one of the most important findings of systemic autoimmune disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In order to confirm the expression of the C-Myc protooncogene in lesional skin, tissue specimens from SLE were examined by the histo in situ hybridization method and a histochemical method using a specific antibody reactive with C-Myc related products. Twenty-two cases of SLE, six cases of DLE, one case of lupus erythematosus profundus, two cases of lichen planus, and five skin specimens from healthy volunteers were selected for the examination. In the SLE group, further comparative examination of diseased skin and normal skin from the same patient, and of diseased skin in an active stage and a stable stage in the same SLE patient with renal involvement, were carried out. In most of the active SLE cases, protooncogene expression had apparently increased as compared with the expression in the groups of inactive and treated SLE, active DLE, active lichen planus, and those with healthy skin. Even in normal-appearing skin from active SLE without other organic failure, the protooncogenes were not expressed very strongly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A phase II trial of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the myelodysplastic syndromes.

We conducted a phase II study of the intravenous administration of a glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for 7-14 d in 41 patients with the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Administration of rhG-CSF elicited striking rises in both leucocyte and neutrophil counts in the majority of the patients irrespective of the FAB subtypes of MDS. The rises in neutrophil counts were dose dependent and 5 micrograms/kg/d of rhG-CSF yielded approximately an 8-fold increase in neutrophil counts. Leucocytes and neutrophil counts started to increase shortly after the first injection of 5 micrograms/kg, was maintained at significantly elevated levels during 14 d of treatment, and returned to the pretreatment levels within several days following discontinuation of rhG-CSF. The action of rhG-CSF was specific for neutrophils since leucocytosis was due exclusively to neutrophilic increase associated with an increased marrow myeloid maturation. There were no consistent changes in the monocyte, eosinophil, lymphocyte, platelet or reticulocyte counts. After treatment, the percentage of marrow blast cells was reduced in eight of 13 evaluable patients with refractory anaemia with an excess of blasts (RAEB) or RAEB in transformation (RAEB-t). No patients developed acute leukaemia during the treatment or in the immediate follow-up period. The treatment was well tolerated with only minimal toxicity. The results suggest that rhG-CSF is a safe and effective way to promptly improve neutropenia in MDS patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Flow cytometric DNA analysis with use of normal lymph node cells as an internal reference standard in ovarian cancer.

Fresh frozen and paraffin-embedded tumor specimens of 21 patients with ovarian cancer were investigated by means of flow cytometry. In 4 patients, the fresh frozen tumor specimens (fresh tumor specimens) of ovarian tumors were measured for the DNA ploidy and index. We used the paraffin-embedded normal lymph node tissue specimens which were acquired from retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy as the internal reference standard (IS). In all 21 patients, the paraffin-embedded tumor specimens mixed with a lymph node specimen as an IS (tumor specimen with IS) were measured. In addition, all 21 paraffin-embedded tumor specimens without a lymph node tissue specimen (tumor specimens without IS) were measured. In 4 cases which were measured with the fresh tumor specimens, all 4 tumor specimens with IS had the same patterns of DNA ploidy as the fresh tumor specimens. Of 21 patients, 6 patients showed different DNA ploidy patterns between the tumor specimens with and without IS. Furthermore, all of these 6 patients showed diploidy in the tumor specimens without IS while showing aneuploidy in the tumor specimens with IS. Fourteen (66.7%) of 21 tumor specimens with IS were aneuploidy despite aneuploidy of only 8 (38.1%) tumor specimens without IS. All 4 patients with stage I had diploidy in the tumor specimens with IS, and 13 (81.3%) of 16 patients with stage III or IV had aneuploidy. All 8 patients with diploidy in the tumor specimens with IS had survived for 1-2 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of cell cycle kinetics using flow cytometry from paraffin-embedded tissues in endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle kinetics from paraffin-embedded tissues was performed to evaluate the DNA heterogeneity and risk factor of endometrial adenocarcinoma. We studied 54 tumor samples and 6 controls with normal endometrium, and all samples were measured for S-phase fraction (SPF) and proliferative index (PI). Intratumor variations of SPF and PI values were evaluated at 3 different sites of the tumor; (1) primary endometrial lesion, (2) the site of myometrial invasion, and (3) metastatic lesions. SPF and PI values of endometrial adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than those of normal endometrium. There was a significant correlation between the PI value and the histological grade. SPF and PI values at the primary endometrial lesion had a significant correlation with the prognosis of this cancer at stage III or IV. SPF and PI values which were measured at the site of myometrial invasion tended to be lower than those from other sites. Our results indicate that the SPF and PI values of endometrial lesions are one of the important prognostic factors of endometrial adenocarcinoma at stage III or IV. In addition, DNA syntheses of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells display intratumor heterogeneity.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Molybdenum requirement for translocation of dimethyl sulfoxide reductase to the periplasmic space in a photodenitrifier, Rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans.

Translocation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reductase to the periplasmic space was studied in vivo with a photodenitrifier, Rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans, using immunoblotting analysis and radioactive labeling. A polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass about 2,000 Da higher than that of DMSO reductase accumulated during induction of the reductase with DMSO. An uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, inhibited the processing of the polypeptide after cells had been radioactively pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine. These results indicated that the higher-molecular-mass polypeptide was the precursor form of DMSO reductase. The precursor form accumulated in either the cytoplasm or the membrane, whereas the mature form accumulated in the periplasmic space. The membrane-bound precursor was sensitive to proteinase K treatment from both the cytoplasmic and periplasmic sides of the membrane, indicating that the polypeptide binds to the membrane, exposing it to both the outer and inner surfaces of the cytoplasmic membrane. Processing of the precursor was hampered by removal of molybdate from the medium and was restored by its readdition. It was also inhibited by the addition of tungstate in the medium.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1991

Specific amplification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi DNA from clinical specimens by polymerase chain reaction.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Rickettsia tsutsugamushi-specific DNA in clinical specimens. The primer pair used for PCR was designed from the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the 56-kDa antigen of the Gilliam strain. Theses primers led to a 78-bp fragment by amplifying the genomic DNAs from five serovariants, i.e., the Gilliam, Karp, Kato, Kawasaki, and Kuroki strains of R. tsutsugamushi, and also the DNA from blood clots of patients with scrub typhus, even at the early stage of onset of the disease. This indicates that this method is suitable for the diagnosis of scrub typhus.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Use of monoclonal antibodies against Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Kawasaki for serodiagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Kawasaki were prepared. The crossreactivity tests of the MAbs performed by using antigenically distinct strains of R. tsutsugamushi in immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses indicated that the Kawasaki strain contains a strain-specific epitope and also contains a common epitope on the 56-kDa polypeptide cross-reactive with the Gilliam strain, group- and subgroup-specific epitopes on the 46-kDa polypeptide, and a subgroup-specific epitope on the 25-kDa polypeptide. By using the strain-specific MAb for serodiagnosis of tsutsugamushi disease (or scrub typhus fever), we have established a method which was designated the inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The principle of the method is to measure the percentage of inhibition of antigen absorption on a MAb-coated plate by antibody-positive sample sera which were mixed with the antigen suspension. The advantages of this test for practical use are that (i) crude antigen can be used, i.e., purification of the antigen is not required; (ii) the test is more sensitive than immunofluorescence; (iii) the final judgment of plus or minus is clear-cut; and (iv) rickettsial antigenic types in the patients can be distinguished by this test.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

Muscle sympathetic nerve activity in renovascular hypertension and primary aldosteronism.

Previous studies, including our own, have demonstrated that muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is increased in patients with essential hypertension compared with normotensive subjects. However, the features of sympathetic nerve activity are still unknown in secondary hypertension. We examined MSNA in eight patients with renovascular hypertension and in 11 patients with primary aldosteronism. Twenty patients with essential hypertension and 20 normotensive subjects who were age-matched to the patients with renovascular hypertension and those with primary aldosteronism were also studied. The MSNA of a bundle of the tibial nerve was recorded by microneurography in supine subjects and expressed as both burst rate (bursts/min) and burst incidence (bursts/100 heart beats). Plasma renin activity and the plasma concentration of angiotensin II and aldosterone were also measured. MSNA was increased in the patients with renovascular hypertension compared with the patients with primary aldosteronism and those with essential hypertension and the normotensive subjects (p less than 0.01 for each). MSNA was decreased in the patients with primary aldosteronism compared with those with essential hypertension (p less than 0.01), and it was smaller than in the normotensive subjects (p less than 0.1). Furthermore, MSNA, plasma renin activity, and the plasma concentration of angiotensin II decreased significantly in five patients with renovascular hypertension 4-10 days after successful percutaneous renal angioplasty. Thus, the changes in MSNA seem to characterize the pathophysiology of renovascular hypertension and primary aldosteronism. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system may be involved in the increase in the central outflow of sympathetic nerve activity, thus exacerbating hypertension in patients with renovascular hypertension.

Adolescent↗