Plasma thrombomodulin in liver diseases.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Yoshida
Publications and source records attributed to Y Yoshida.
Intraluminal esophageal diverticulum.
An intraluminal esophageal diverticulum (IED) is an uncommon entity defined as a double-layered mucosal pouch lying within the lumen of the esophagus. Its characteristic radiological finding is an intraluminal barium collection surrounded by a radiolucent halo. True IED, which is different from a transient radiological artifact, has not been previously reported in the international literature. This article describes the first case of true IED. Differential diagnosis between a true lesion and a transient flow artifact on barium meal is discussed.
Adult↗
Neoplastic angioendotheliosis: demonstration of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements by the Southern blot hybridization technique.
Using the Southern blot hybridization technique, two cases of 'neoplastic angioendotheliosis' (NAE) were examined for immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. For DNA analysis, frozen kidney (Case 1) and lung (Case 2) tissue, in which intravascular neoplastic cells were abundant, were used. In each case rearrangements were observed in both heavy and light chain genes. On examination of the heavy chain gene, the JH DNA probe detected one rearranged band in Case 1 and two in Case 2 after EcoRI digestion. On examination of the light chain genes, the C kappa DNA probe revealed one rearranged band in Case 1 and two in Case 2 after BamHI digestion, while the C lambda 2 DNA probe revealed only germline configurations after EcoRI digestion in each case. Thus, B-lymphocytic differentiation at the gene level was demonstrated in neoplastic cells in both cases. Since no more than two rearrangements were detected in each immunoglobulin gene, the intravascular neoplastic cells were considered to be monoclonal in nature.
Aged↗
Different characteristics of amniotic and cervical collagenous tissue during pregnancy and delivery: a morphologic study.
The occurrence of dissociation in cervical collagenous tissue during pregnancy and delivery is widely recognized. We performed a morphologic study of the collagenous tissue of the amnion at various stages of pregnancy and during delivery. After 15 weeks of pregnancy, including the period after delivery, the collagenous fibers of the amnion were closely distributed with no ground substances, forming a thick collagenous layer. Cervical collagenous tissue at the corresponding stages showed a marked dissociation among abundant ground substances. The dissociation-resistant properties of the collagenous tissue of the amnion seem to protect the amniotic sac from premature rupture, up until the time when it is torn by hyperdistention during delivery.
Amnion↗
Correlation between air-drying duration and bond strength of composite resins to teeth.
Cavity preparations involve both enamel and dentinal walls, but moisture contamination of these surfaces adversely influences the effectiveness of bonding interface. This in vitro study investigated the relationship between air-drying time and the bond strength to bovine enamel and dentin for two types of composite resins and their bonding agents. Comprehensive shear bond tests were performed with a universal testing machine, and mean bond strengths were computed by an analysis of variance and by Scheffé's multiple comparison test. No statistical differences were noted between the bond strength to the unetched and etched enamel and air-drying duration for bondings. The bond strengths to the etched dentin was comparable despite the time of air drying, but the bond strengths to unetched dentin were dependent upon the length of air drying.
Acid Etching, Dental↗
Study on mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of BHT and its derivatives in a bacterial assay.
The mutagenicity of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and its derivatives was investigated by the Ames method using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 with or without S9 mix. The compounds were not mutagenic in either indicator strain at concentrations ranging from 50 to 330 micrograms/plate (SQ: 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butylstilbenequinone; VI-III: unidentified), 500 micrograms/plate (BE: 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-4,4'-dihydroxy-1,2-diphenylethylene; VI: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-4-tert-butylperoxy-2,5-cyclohexadienone ; VI-I: unidentified; VI-II: 3-acetyl-2,5-di-tert-cyclopenta-2,4-dienone) and 1000 micrograms/plate (BHT). The antimutagenic effects of BHT and its derivatives on mutagenesis by chemical agents were investigated in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 and Escherichia coli WP-2 hcr-. VI-II suppressed the mutagenesis induced in TA98 and TA100 by 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamide (AF-2) and that induced in WP-2 hcr- by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) without decreasing cell viability. In WP-2 hcr-, the mutagenesis induced by AF-2 and ethyl methanesulfonate was also suppressed significantly. Mutations induced by methyl methanesulfonate were slightly inhibited. However, VI-II had no effect on the mutagenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene↗
Effect of CGS 16949A plus tamoxifen on induced mammary tumours in rats.
The antitumour effect of CGS 16949A, an aromatase inhibitor, was investigated in rats with mammary tumours induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. A dose-dependent antitumour effect was observed after daily oral administration of CGS 16949A for 3 weeks. The tumour did not recur in the groups treated with 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg per day. The complete remission rate increased and the time required to achieve complete remission became shorter with increasing daily doses. After daily administration for 3 weeks, a significant antitumour effect was observed in the group treated with CGS 16949A plus tamoxifen compared with that seen either with CGS 16949A or with tamoxifen alone. At the end of treatment, the group treated with CGS 16949A had significantly decreased oestradiol-17 beta and prolactin levels and increased levels of follicle stimulating hormone, but oestrone was not affected.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
Doppler echocardiographic quantitation of cross-sectional area under various hemodynamic conditions: an experimental validation in a canine model of supravalvular aortic stenosis.
The hemodynamic effects on cross-sectional area calculated with the continuity equation were assessed in canine experiments. In 13 open chest dogs, 46 supravalvular aortic stenoses were created by aortic root banding. The cross-sectional area of the stenosis was calculated by Doppler echocardiography with application of the continuity equation before and after the following hemodynamic interventions: protocol 1, atrial pacing at 90, 120, 150 and 180 beats/min after sinus node crush; protocol 2, preload reduction by mild and severe clamping of the inferior vena cava; and protocol 3, afterload augmentation by mild and severe clamping of the descending aorta. In each observation, a dimension of the stenosis was directly measured by two-dimensional echocardiography, and the cross-sectional area was determined as a reference standard. As a result of the hemodynamic interventions, significant changes were observed in stroke volume and pressure gradient (protocol 1), in cardiac output, stroke volume and pressure gradient (protocol 2) and in heart rate, cardiac output and pressure gradient (protocol 3). Despite these changes in hemodynamic variables, the Doppler-derived cross-sectional area showed no significant change for a given stenosis. In addition, areas calculated with the continuity equation (x) agreed well with those determined by two-dimensional echocardiography (y) (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001, y = 0.97x + 0.02, SEE = +/- 0.06 cm2). Thus, it is concluded that Doppler echocardiography with application of the continuity equation accurately predicts the stenotic cross-sectional area over a wide range of hemodynamic conditions in supravalvular aortic stenosis.
Animals↗
Effect of clofibrate on peroxisomal lignoceroyl-CoA ligase activity.
The effect of a 2-week clofibrate (0.5%)-fortified diet on peroxisomal palmitoyl-CoA and lignoceroyl-CoA ligases was studied. The activities of palmitoyl-CoA and lignoceroyl-CoA ligases in peroxisomes isolated from clofibrate-treated animals were 4.4- and 4.0-fold higher than those of the controls. The different degrees of increases in these two enzyme activities support the previous conclusions that in peroxisomes palmitoyl-CoA ligase and lignoceroyl-CoA ligase are different enzymes. Since clofibrate treatment increases both of these peroxisomal acyl-CoA ligase activities and normal palmitoyl-CoA ligase is the source of the partial activity for the oxidation of lignoceric acid in X-ALD, treatment with a hypolipidemic drug, which can increase human peroxisomal enzyme activities, may be helpful in lowering the amount of the pathogen, VLC fatty acids, in X-ALD.
Animals↗
Mucocele of the appendix accurately diagnosed using computer tomography.
Mucocele of the appendix is rare so an accurate preoperative diagnosis is very difficult. We report, using computer tomography (CT) in combination with other diagnostic methods, one such correct preoperative diagnosis.
Adult↗
Morphologic study of changes of collagenous tissue in the amnion and cervix during prostaglandin-induced abortion and delivery.
Marked dissociation of the cervical collagenous tissue during prostaglandin-induced abortion is well recognized, but the response of collagenous tissue of the amnion to prostaglandin treatment is not known. A morphologic study of amniotic collagenous tissue was performed after prostaglandin-induced abortion and prostaglandin-induced term delivery. The collagenous fibers of the amnion were found to be closely packed with no ground substances and formed in a thick layer. Cervical collagenous tissue of the same patients showed a marked dissociation of fibers and abundant ground substance. The fetus was often delivered within a complete sac at midtrimester. These findings suggest differences in collagenous tissue responses to prostaglandin treatment between the amnion and cervix.
Abortion, Induced↗
Inflammatory bowel disease in Japan: studies of epidemiology and etiopathogenesis.
The epidemiologic features of inflammatory bowel disease in Japan are somewhat different from the western features. Many immunologic abnormalities are observed, but without primary evidence for etiology. There are some differences regarding epidemiologic and immunologic aspects between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Bacteriovirological studies have not shown specific pathogens, but suggest that the enteric bacteria flora is significantly involved in the pathogenesis.
Carrageenan↗
Importance of angiogenic action of angiotensin II in the glomerular growth of maturing kidneys.
We studied the effect of three antihypertensive drugs on the growth of glomeruli in four- to five-week-old Munich-Wistar rats (N = 24), which were undergoing rapid maturation processes. Young rats were given an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI, enalapril, 50 mg/liter drinking water), verapamil (50 mg/liter) or hydralazine (80 mg/liter) or no treatment for six weeks. Body weight increased comparably in the treatment groups and age-matched controls, reaching on average 197 +/- 11, 214 +/- 12 and 198 +/- 3 g in ACEI-, verapamil- and hydralazine-treated rats, respectively, versus 218 +/- 6 g in control rats. Glomerular hemodynamic patterns, including glomerular capillary pressure, measured in maturing rats after one and six weeks of ACEI treatment were unaffected by ACEI. Mean planar area of glomeruli (PAmean) achieved was smaller than control in ACEI rats (6.60 +/- 0.20 x 10(-3) mm2 vs. 5.37 +/- 0.22, respectively, P less than 0.005), but not in rats treated with other antihypertensive drugs. Furthermore, the maturational PAmean increase in rats given ACEI for six weeks was, on average, only half of that achieved by age-matched controls not given ACEI, in contrast to normal maturational growth with hydralazine or verapamil (29% increase in PAmean from normal baseline in ACEI vs. 52%, 53% and 59% increases in verapamil, hydralazine and control, respectively). In contrast, comparable PAmean values were found in adults with (7.08 +/- 0.22 x 10(-3)mm2, N = 6) and without (6.98 +/- 0.33 x 10(-3)mm2, N = 6) ACEI treatment given for six weeks. Therefore, ACEI, but not verapamil and hydralazine, causes growth retardation in maturing glomeruli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Angiotensin II↗
Posttranslationally processed structure of the human platelet protein smg p21B: evidence for geranylgeranylation and carboxyl methylation of the C-terminal cysteine.
smg p21A and -B are small GTP-binding proteins that share putative effector and consensus C-terminal sequences with ras p21 proteins. In the present report, we showed that human platelet smg p21B became labeled when intact platelets were incubated with exogenous [3H]mevalonolactone and when a purified preparation of smg p21B was incubated with bovine brain membranes and S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine. In addition, we demonstrated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry that treatment of smg p21B with Raney nickel released a geranylgeranyl moiety in a molar ratio of about 1:1. In contrast, treatment of smg p21B with NH2OH or KOH yielded no evidence for the presence of a palmitoyl thioester. Extensive digestion of smg p21B with Achromobacter protease I yielded two C-terminal tripeptides that contained serine and cysteine in a molar ratio of 2:1. Both peptides were modified by a thioether-linked geranylgeranyl group. One of the peptides comigrated with a 3H-labeled proteolytic product of methylated smg p21B on reverse-phase HPLC and this peptide appeared at the same retention time as that of the other peptide after being treated with KOH. Since the cDNA-predicted C-terminal sequence of smg p21B contains a unique Ser-Ser-Cys peptide within its C-terminal domain, -Lys-Lys-Ser-Ser-Cys-Gln-Leu-Leu184, these results indicate that smg p21B is posttranslationally modified by geranylgeranylation of Cys-181 and suggest that further modifications cause proteolytic removal of the three predicted C-terminal amino acids followed by partial methylation of the cysteinyl carboxyl group.
Blood Platelets↗
Reversal of azidothymidine-induced bone marrow suppression by 2',3'-dideoxythymidine as studied by hemopoietic clonal culture.
The hematological toxicity of the antiviral drug azidothymidine (AZT) was studied in vitro by measuring the cell growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells obtained from normal bone marrow. AZT inhibited the growth of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and early and late erythroid (BFU-E and CFU-E) progenitors in a dose-dependent manner. The hemopoietic inhibition of AZT was significantly reduced by the addition of 2',3'-dideoxythymidine (2',3'-ddT). The results suggest that 2',3'-ddT may be of potential value in reducing AZT toxicity.
Bone Marrow↗
Two high affinity (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPases of vascular smooth muscle plasma membrane preparation. Their relation to the Ca2(+)-pumping ATPase.
High affinity Ca2(+)-activated, Mg2(+)-dependent ATP-ase [Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase) activities were characterized in the membrane fractions of the porcine aorta. The (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity, similar to those found in the plasma membranes of the erythrocyte and the heart, ie, Ca2(+)-pumping ATPase activity, was not found in the membrane fractions isolated by the conventional method. The activity, however, became apparent in a plasma membrane-enriched fraction obtained from the microsomes treated with digitonin. The enzyme activity was stimulated by a purified C-kinase and by cyclic GMP or a purified cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (G-kinase). In addition to the Ca2(+)-pumping ATPase which requires millimolar concentration of Mg2+ for its activity, another high affinity (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase was detected that required micromolar concentration of Mg2+ for its full activation. Cell fractionation studies suggested its localization to plasma membranes, but the biochemical characteristics of the enzyme indicated that the enzyme could not be a biochemical expression of the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump.
Animals↗
Sarcolemmal (Ca2(+)+Mg2+)-ATPase of vascular smooth muscle and the effects of protein kinases thereupon.
To elucidate the regulation mechanisms for sarcolemmal Ca2(+)-pumping ATPase of vascular smooth muscle, the preparation of the membrane fraction of porcine aorta with which the enzyme activity could be analyzed was attempted. A Ca2(+)-activated, Mg2(+)-dependent ATPase [Ca2(+)+Mg2+)-ATPase) activity with high affinity for Ca2+ (Km = 79 +/- 18 nM) was found in a sarcolemma-enriched fraction obtained from digitonin-treated microsomes that possessed the essential properties of plasma membrane (PM) Ca2(+)-pumping ATPases, as determined for the erythrocyte and cardiac muscle enzymes. The activity was stimulated by calmodulin and inhibited by low concentrations of vanadate. Saponin had a stimulatory effect on it. The existence of the PM enzyme in the membrane fraction was substantiated by the Ca2(+)-dependent, hydroxylamine sensitive phosphorylation of a 130K protein, which could be selectively enhanced by LaCl3. The enzyme activity was potentiated by either cGMP or a purified G-kinase. Purified protein kinase C potentiated the enzyme activity. However, none of these agents stimulated the activity of the enzyme purified from microsomes by calmodulin affinity chromatography. The results suggest that the sarcolemmal Ca2(+)-pumping ATPase of vascular smooth muscle is regulated by these protein kinases not through phosphorylation of the enzyme itself but through phosphorylation of membrane components(s) other than the enzyme. Phosphatidylinositol phosphate was found to stimulate the enzyme, suggesting its role in mediation of the stimulatory effects of the protein kinases.
Animals↗
Simultaneous bindings of ATPase inhibitor and 9K protein to F1F0-ATPase in the presence of 15K protein in yeast mitochondria.
Yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase has three regulatory proteins, ATPase inhibitor, 9K protein, and 15K protein. The 9K protein binds directly to purified F1-ATPase, as does the ATPase inhibitor, but the 15K protein does not [Hashimoto, T. et al. (1987) J. Biochem. 102, 685-692]. In the present study, we found that 15K protein bound to purified F1F0-ATPase, forming an equimolar complex with the enzyme. The apparent dissociation constant was calculated to be 1.4 x 10(-5) M. The ATPase inhibitor and 9K protein also bound to F1F0-ATPase in the presence of ATP and Mg2+, and the dissociation constants of their bindings were about 3 X 10(-6) M. They bound to the enzyme competitively in the absence of 15K protein, but in its presence, they bound in equimolar amounts to the enzyme. The ATP-hydrolyzing activity of the enzyme-ligand complex was greatly influenced by the order of bindings of ATPase inhibitor and 9K protein: when the ATPase inhibitor was bound first, the activity of the enzyme was inhibited completely and was not restored by 9K protein, but when 9K protein was added first, the activity was inhibited only partially even after equimolar binding of the ATPase inhibitor to the enzyme. These observations strongly suggest that the 15K protein binds to the F0 part and functions to hold the ATPase inhibitor or 9K protein on the F1 subunit.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗