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Biomedical subjects

Y Zarfin

Publications and source records attributed to Y Zarfin.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

In utero thyroxine therapy for the induction of fetal lung maturity: long term effects.

Intra-amniotic thyroxine has been used for the induction of fetal lung maturity. The long term effects of this therapy was evaluated in a group of eighteen preschool children, 5 to 6 years of age, whose mothers received intra-amniotic thyroxine during the last trimester of their gestation. Eleven children born during the same time period were selected as controls. The children were all clinically well with no evidence of growth or endocrine abnormalities. Neurological assessment was normal and psychomotor development was in the normal range for our population and did not differ from the control subjects. Intra-amniotic thyroxine administered during the last trimester of gestation did not appear to have any significant long term detrimental effects in the treated patients.

Amnion↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous clindamycin in newborn infants.

We studied 12 newborn infants (gestational ages 26-39 wk [mean +/- SD, 30.6 +/- 4.7]; birth weight 640-2700 g, [mean, 1,322 +/- 688]; postnatal age 1-24 days [mean, 9.6 +/- 8.5]) who received clindamycin phosphate for suspected or proven necrotizing enterocolitis (ten patients) or suspected anaerobic septicemia (two patients) in doses of 3.2-11 mg/kg every six hours. Range of mean serum concentration of clindamycin at steady state was between 12.7 and 40 micrograms/ml (therapeutic range = 2-10 micrograms/ml). High concentrations could be attributed to elimination T1/2 (6.3 +/- 2.1 hr) 100% longer than in older children or adults. Clindamycin clearance (61.6 +/- 31.6 hr ml/kg/hr) was lower than in older children or adults. Because of the observed prolongation in T1/2 and correspondingly lower clearance, the IV dose of clindamycin in newborn infants should be reduced to 15-20 mg/kg/day given in four daily doses.

Clindamycin↗
PubMed1985

Sonography of periventricular leukomalacia.

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a pathological entity characterized by ischemic changes in areas adjacent to the external angles of the lateral ventricles. It is associated with serious neurodevelopmental sequelae, especially spastic diplegia. With the increased use of ultrasound in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, changes consistent with PVL are being noted. Hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic forms of this condition exist, both of which may appear sonographically as increased periventricular echogenicity. Two cases of PVL are described; one of them was associated with ventricular dilatation and intraventricular bleeding and the other with a small subependymal hemorrhage. The pathological and clinical features, methods of in vivo diagnosis, and the role of ultrasound in the evaluation of PVL are discussed.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Selective bronchial intubation for pulmonary emphysema.

Two neonates with respiratory distress syndrome developed unilateral pulmonary interstitial emphysema causing mediastinal shift and compressive atelectasis. Treatment with contralateral bronchial intubation for five days proved to be life saving.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1984

Effects of indomethacin on digoxin pharmacokinetics in preterm infants.

Indomethacin is commonly coadministered with digoxin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. The combination of digoxin that is eliminated almost exclusively by the kidney and indomethacin, which tends to reduce renal function, has potential hazards. We report 11 preterm infants (gestational age 25-33 week) treated with digoxin for PDA in whom a standard indomethacin therapy (mean of total dose = 0.32 mg/kg) resulted in a significant elevation of serum digoxin to potentially toxic levels (from 2.2 +/- 0.7 ng/ml to 3.2 +/- 0.7) (P less than 0.001). This phenomenon correlated well with decreased urine output (from 86 +/- 34 ml to 43 +/- 24 per 24 hour) (P less than 0.001) following indomethacin. No significant change was found in serum creatinine concentration pre- and post-indomethacin. Digoxin half-life was significantly prolonged (mean 97 +/- 17 hour) following indomethacin therapy as compared with an age matched control group (mean half-life 43 +/- 19 hour) (P less than 0.05). Our data suggest that when indomethacin is added to digoxin therapy, the digoxin dosage should be reduced by 50% until urine output and digoxin serum levels can be better assessed.

Digoxin↗
PubMed1983

Low flow oxygen therapy in infants.

Fifty one infants who were oxygen dependent after treatment for neonatal respiratory disease were entered into a study programme where 100% oxygen was delivered at low flow through a nasal catheter. Thirty five (69%) of the infants were discharged home and the remainder were either discharged to a convalescent hospital or back to their peripheral referring hospital. Excluding repeat admissions for monitoring or for the treatment of acute infections, 2760 hospital days (79 days/patient) were saved, representing a financial saving of $11990 (pounds 6500) per treated infant. A home low flow oxygen therapy programme has benefits to the infant/parent relationship, provides a more constant flow of oxygen than conventional methods, and the early hospital discharge represents a considerable financial saving.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1981

[Acute recurrent suppurative thyroiditis in childhood].

Acute suppurative thyroiditis in children is very rare and has been reported in only six cases. We describe a 4 1/2 year old girl who presented with acute suppurative thyroiditis of the left lobe. All thyroid function tests were normal but the radioisotope scan showed decreased activity over the upper pole of the left lobe. The child was treated with massive doses of antibiotics and gradually recovered. Three years later she presented with exactly the same findings in the left lobe of the thyroid. Thyroid function tests were again normal but repeated radioisotopic scan showed decreased activity over the left upper pole. Again she recovered gradually under massive antibiotic treatment. A follow up scan showed great improvement with almost complete recovery of activity in the left lobe.

Acute Disease↗