Antibacterial essential oils reduce tumor smell and inflammation in cancer patients.
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Administration, Topical↗
Biomedical subjects
Yahya Açil
Publications and source records attributed to Yahya Açil.
RhBMP-7 improves survival and eruption in a growing tooth avulsion trauma model.
Long-term loss of avulsed and replanted teeth is a frequent clinical problem. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP 7) induces cementogenesis in periodontitis-associated periodontal ligament (PDL) defects. This study's aim was to assess the utility of rhBMP 7 in a tooth avulsion trauma model in growing individuals. Immature primary incisors of 12 minipigs were extracted. PDL and cementum were removed either partially (group 1: 4 mm2 [n=28 teeth]; group 2: 16 mm2 [n=26 teeth]) or totally (group 3 [n=26 teeth]). 500 microg rhBMP 7/g collagen matrix was applied to the teeth from one side while the corresponding teeth on the contralateral side served as controls (split mouth model). After an experimental period of 4 months, microradiography, fluorescence and light microscopy of nondecalcified sections were performed. All teeth of group 1 survived and all teeth of group 3 were lost, whether rhBMP-7 was applied or not. In group 2, nine out of ten teeth survived when rhBMP-7 was applied and four out of ten teeth were lost when rhBMP-7 was not applied. In the presence of rhBMP-7, eruption of teeth in group 2 was significantly improved (difference [median]: 5 mm, P<0.05, n=6). Even though there was a tendency towards increased deposition rates of cementum under rhBMP-7, this difference was not significant (Wilcoxon: P>0.05, ANOVA: P=0.002; n=6/group). In conclusion, rhBMP-7 improved survival rates and eruption of replanted teeth in growing individuals. No adverse effects were seen. Based on the present results, future clinical trials appear to be warranted.
Animals↗
Bone graft versus BMP-7 in a critical size defect--cranioplasty in a growing infant model.
Little data are available as regards to the action of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) in growing organisms. We put forward two hypotheses: Firstly, that regeneration of calvarial defects with autologous bone grafts would result in equivalent volume and shape as compared to calvaria regenerated with BMP-7. Secondly, that cranial development would remain undisturbed in infant individuals. A one-sided defect of the parietal bone (2x4 cm) including the coronal suture was generated in 2-month-old minipigs (n=17). Group 1: no further treatment (n=5); group 2: particulated iliac bone graft (n=6); group 3: rhBMP-7-composite (500 microg/g collagen+Carboxymethylcellulose, n=6). After the experimental period (4 months) with fluorochrome labeling, examination was performed by computed-tomography and non-decalcified histology. Group 1: major bony gaps remained, proving that defects of critical size were generated. Group 2: minor bony gaps remained, the bone volume was significantly reduced on the treated as compared to untreated sides (P=0.028). Group 3: bony continuity was seen in all cases and no significant difference of bone volumes of treated versus untreated sides (P=0.075) was found. Skull diameters increased by 16.4% but the physiological centrifugal cranial expansion remained undisturbed. Our first hypothesis was contradicted: contrary to our former assumption, bone induction by rhBMP-7 was superior to particulated bone transplants. In this growing model, calvaria approaching normal volume and shape were observed. However, only the quantity not the quality of bone regenerates was different. Our second hypothesis was confirmed: disruption of further cranial development was not seen after bone transplantation or rhBMP-7 implantation.
Animals↗
Radiation caries--radiogenic destruction of dental collagen.
Radiogenic dental damage is thought to be the result of reduced salivary flow as well as possible direct radiogenic damage. The exact nature of the latter is still to be elucidated. We set out to assess whether there was measurable direct and immediate radiogenic damage to the collagen component of dental hard and soft tissues. A total dose of 31.5 Gy was applied to 40 human third molar teeth in vitro (cobalt 60, 6.3 Gy/day for 5 days) (group 1), 40 further third molar non-irradiated human teeth served as controls (group 2). Collagen fragments (split collagen) of mineralized tissue (a) and pulpal tissue (b) of groups 1 and 2 were isolated by ultrafiltration and pooled separately for each experimental group. Measurement of the mature collagen cross-links hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the ratio of the amount of collagen fragments from irradiated as opposed to non-irradiated teeth and assessing mineralized from pulpal tissue separately. No significant difference was found between the concentration of collagen cross-links in probes of mineralized tissue between groups 1 and 2. The concentration of HP and LP in probes of irradiated dental pulp however was significantly increased (ratio: 3.4 and 3.4 times) as compared to pooled probes from non-irradiated pulp. Irradiation does not measurably affect the collagen component in mineralized dental tissue, which may be due to the relatively low concentration of this protein in dentin and enamel. In contrast, direct and instant radiogenic damage of (extracellular matrix) pulpal tissue collagen could be demonstrated.
Adolescent↗
Detection of mature collagen in human dental enamel.
Mature dental enamel is the most mineralized of all mammalian tissues and considered to be free of collagen. Hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) are two nonreducible cross-links of mature collagen. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) is an amino acid that is believed to be indicative of the presence of collagen. We set out to assess the concentrations of Hyp, HP, and LP in dental enamel and dentin (control) to clarify whether there was minor collagen content in dental enamel. We studied 17.53 g of enamel and 22.12 g of dentin gained from 120 extracted human teeth. Enamel and dentin (control) were separated with a diamond dental drill under microscopic control by wasting a margin of enamel (Ca. 2 mm) at the dentin-enamel border. Collagen alpha-chains were analyzed by Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) after decalcification and collagen extraction. Concentrations of HP and LP where measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hyp was analyzed by a spectrophotometric method. The pooled probe of enamel contained 0.23 mug/g of Hyp. This concentration was 49 times lower than that in dentin. Concentrations of HP and LP in enamel were 0.07 nmol/g and 0.02 nmol/g, respectively being 605.57 (HP) and 251.50 (LP) times lower in enamel as compared to dentin. Collagen type I was found in enamel; collagen types I and V were found in dentin samples. In reports of many studies and textbooks, collagen is considered to be completely absorbed in the course of the mineralization and maturation of dental enamel. We show that this is not the case. However, the concentration of collagen in enamel was considerably lower as compared to that in dentin.
Adolescent↗
Tumor smell reduction with antibacterial essential oils.
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Administration, Topical↗
Bone formation in the presence of platelet-rich plasma vs. bone morphogenetic protein-7.
Growth factors contained in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have recently been proposed to enhance maturation of bone grafts and, in combination with anorganic bovine bone, to support repair in the treatment of small bone defects in maxillofacial surgery. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) carried in a matrix may be able to replace the autologous bone graft in the treatment of critical size defects. However, no studies have compared the bone stimulating capacity of PRP and BMP. Likewise there is no data comparing the effects of PRP in either an autologous bone graft or in anorganic bovine bone. We augmented the mandible of Wistar rats (n = 28) on both sides with either anorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss) or autologous rib bone. On the test side we applied either 20 microl of autologous PRP or 10 microl of rhBMP-7 (4 groups, n = 7). In addition, bone induction was evaluated in an extraskeletal site (n = 14). A polychrome sequential labeling was performed. The animals were sacrificed by intra-vital perfusion on day 50. Undecalcified ground sections were evaluated by microradiography, digitized histomorphometry and under fluorescent light. The qualitative analysis of fluorochrome labels suggested that PRP and rhBMP-7 accelerated bone growth. However, histomorphometric analysis revealed no significant differences in the area of newly mineralized bone under either the influence of PRP or rhBMP-7 on autologous bone graft. Likewise, the addition of PRP to anorganic bovine bone showed no statistical difference to the control group. The strongest bone stimulating effect was seen for the combination of rhBMP-7 with anorganic bovine bone (p = 0.028). In the extraskeletal model, newly formed bone was evident in the presence of rhBMP-7, but not of PRP. In conclusion, according to the histomorphometry, the addition of platelet-rich plasma failed to enhance bone formation on anorganic bovine bone and on autologous bone grafts.
Animals↗
Particulated bone grafts--effectiveness of bone cell supply.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to measure the amount of viable bone cells present in different types of bone graft. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bone chips were harvested from the trabecular or cortical bone of the mandible or the iliac crest and either milled or not. The average size of unmilled bone particles was 5 x 5 x 5 mm and that of milled was 2 x 2 x 2 mm. Drill sludge was obtained using either a ball reamer, a diamond ball or an implant drill (the latter from mandibular bone and of average dimension 1 x 1 x 1 mm). A measure of 0.5 g of each category was cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with additives for four weeks. Cell counts were performed. An analysis of the osteocalcin synthesis, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the collagen types and the concentration of bone-specific collagen cross-links in medium supernatants was performed. RESULTS: Cells stained positively for osteocalcin and ALP in all groups. Bone-specific collagen cross-links could be quantified and collagen of types I and V was present with no difference in all groups. Unmilled spongy bone chips revealed greater cell counts than milled (P<0.05). Spongy bone chips revealed greater cell counts than cortical bone chips (P<0.05). Drill sludge obtained by hard alloy ball reamer showed the least amount of viable cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Bone milling reduces the quantity of osteoblasts. Bone obtained by the ball reamer supplies a smaller number of cells than bone obtained by other methods. Unmilled spongy bone chips appear to offer the greatest amount of viable osteoblasts.
Adult↗
Sinus floor augmentation with simultaneous placement of dental implants in the presence of platelet-rich plasma or recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible benefit of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in sinus grafting as compared with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7). For this purpose, we performed a bilateral sinus augmentation with anorganic bovine bone and simultaneous insertion of a titanium screw implant in five miniature pigs. Six hundred microliters of PRP and 15%-vol. autologous bone, which was collected with a trap during preparation of the implant recipient site, were added to the right sinus and 420 microl rhBMP-7 to the left sinus. A polychrome sequential labeling was performed. The animals were sacrificed 6 weeks after surgery. Undecalcified ground sections were evaluated by microradiography, digitized histomorphometry and under fluorescent light. The mean bone-implant contact using rhBMP-7 was 45.8% and 5.7% under PRP (P=0.002). The mean height of newly mineralized bone in the augmented area using rhBMP-7 amounted to 8.3 mm as opposed to 3.6 mm under PRP (P=0.013). Using PRP, the mean area of the newly formed bone was enhanced (51.3%) as compared with rhBMP-7 (33.1%); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.081). In conclusion, under the selected experimental conditions the use of rhBMP-7 led to superior outcomes with regard to the osseointegration of dental implants and the height of new bone as compared with the use of PRP.
Animals↗
Differential enhancement of collagen crosslink excretion in cases of osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma.
Hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) are markers of collagen absorption and LP is specific for collagen type I in bone. In the present study we evaluated the concentration of HP and LP in urine of patients with osteosarcoma ( n=20; age range 16-49 years) and chondrosarcoma ( n=15; age range 18-70 years). The values were compared with those obtained from 74 healthy controls (age range 16-83 years). The range and upper limit of normal values (HP(max) and LP(max)) were measured in our control group. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine concentrations of HP and LP (nmol/mmol creatinine). The average urinary HP concentrations were significantly increased in patients with osteosarcoma ( p=0.001) and chondrosarcoma ( p<0.001), whereas HP remained within the normal range in approximately half of the patients. The average urinary LP concentrations were not increased in osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma patients as compared with the control group. Further studies in a large group of patients are necessary to evaluate whether HP might be a valuable marker of prognosis, and if its urinary concentration can be correlated to tumour burden.
Adolescent↗
Efficacy of subgingival calculus removal with Er:YAG laser compared to mechanical debridement: an in situ study.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of subgingival calculus removal from periodontally involved root surfaces with an Er:YAG laser compared to hand instrumentation in situ. METHODS: The mesial and distal surfaces of 30 single-rooted teeth with untreated periodontitis were treated either by hand instrumentation (scaling and root planing (SRP)) or by Er:YAG laser irradiation with the aim of achieving a calculus-free root surface. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained before and immediately after treatment for microbiological evaluation by culture and DNA probe analysis. The teeth were extracted and the residual calculus was measured by means of digitized planimetry. The morphology of the root surface was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and undecalcified sections were analyzed to determine residual calculus and the extent of cementum removal following both treatments. RESULTS: Following laser irradiation, 68.4+/-14.4% of the root surface was calculus free in contrast to 93.9+/-3.7% after SRP when both treatments were performed for the same time (2:15+/-1:00 min). If laser irradiation was allowed twice the time used for hand instrumentation, 83.3+/-5.7% of the root surface was devoid of calculus. The effectiveness of both treatments was not related to initial probing depth. The histologic evaluation showed that after SRP 73.2% of root dentin was completely denuded from cementum, while only a minimal cementum reduction was apparent after laser irradiation. Both treatment modalities resulted in a similar reduction of periodontopathogens. DISCUSSION: The present investigation could demonstrate the in vivo capability of the Er:YAG laser to remove calculus from periodontally involved root surfaces, although the effectiveness did not reach that achieved by hand instrumentation. The lack of cementum removal in contrast to SRP may qualify the laser as an alternative approach during supportive periodontal therapy.
Adult↗
Interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms and experimental gingivitis.
BACKGROUND: Recently, an association between the severity of periodontitis and specific variations in the interleukin-1 (IL1) alpha and beta genes has been demonstrated. AIM: : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the IL1 genotype to the development of experimental gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty young adult subjects presenting with healthy gingival conditions participated after giving their informed consent. The group included 10 risk genotype positive (P+) and 10 risk genotype negative (P-) individuals. The IL1 genotypes were determined on DNA samples from peripheral blood using PCR-RFLP analyses for the IL1alpha and IL1beta polymorphisms. Experimental gingivitis was allowed to develop in two posterior sextants per subject. Bleeding on probing (BOP%) and gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF) were assessed at baseline and days 2, 7, 9, 14, 16 and 21. The day 21 results for BOP and GCF as well as the rate of increase of these parameters - mean area under the curve (AUC) and mean increase per day (slope) - were evaluated using risk analyses for IL1 genotype, smoking status and gender. RESULTS: Experimental gingivitis developed with a gradual increase in BOP scores and GCF values (expressed as Periotron units=PU) from baseline to day 21 (BOP, P+: 0.5 to 26.0%; P-: 1.0 to 28.1%; GCF, P+: 36.8 to 138.5 PU, P-: 43.1 to 143.4 PU). No significant risk was associated with P+ and P- for day 21 results, AUC or slope. CONCLUSION: The results of this study failed to provide evidence that the IL1 risk genotype was associated with higher GCF volume and percentage BOP during the development of experimental gingivitis.
Adult↗
Elevated levels of collagen cross-link residues in gingival tissues and crevicular fluid of teeth with periodontal disease.
Lysylpyridinoline (LP) and hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) are collagen cross-link residues. Lysylpyridinoline is present in most tissues, whereas LP is present mainly in mineralized tissue. Both are elevated in tissue with increased collagen resorption. The purpose of this investigation was to assess if the concentrations of LP and HP are elevated in gingiva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of teeth with advanced periodontitis (AP). We investigated human gingival biopsies of healthy teeth (n = 19) and teeth with AP (n = 43) in 49 individuals. Samples of GCF from 54 teeth with AP were collected in seven patients and compared with samples from 11 patients with experimentally induced gingivitis. Levels of LP and HP were measured by HPLC and fluorescence detection. Gingival concentrations of HP but not LP around teeth with advanced periodontitis were significantly elevated compared with teeth with healthy periodontium. While significant amounts of HP and LP were measurable in the GCF of teeth with AP, no HP and LP was identified 3 months following non-surgical periodontal therapy of the teeth or in fluid from teeth subjected to experimentally induced gingivitis. Elevated concentrations of HP and LP in GCF may serve as indicators of ongoing destruction of periodontal tissues and alveolar bone in advanced periodontitis.
Adult↗
Leukotriene A(4)-hydrolase expression and leukotriene B(4) levels in chronic inflammation of bacterial origin: immunohistochemistry and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of oral mucosal epithelium.
Chronic inflammation of the oral epithelium of bacterial origin is associated with elevated leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) levels. We investigated leukotriene A(4) (LTA(4))-hydrolase expression and LTB(4) levels in oral epithelium in relation to the clinical disease manifestation and immunohistopathology and LTA(4)-hydrolase expression in cultured oral keratinocytes. In 11 patients, three different types of biopsy specimens of the oral mucosa tissues were examined. Each sample was divided, and one-half was analysed using immunohistochemistry with antibodies to LTA(4)-hydrolase, CD1a, CD3, CD19, macrophages/monocytes and granulocytes. The other half of the sample was homogenised and analysed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to determine LTB(4) levels. We found strong LTA(4)-hydrolase expression in basal cells of the oral epithelium from tissue samples that appeared clinically healthy; however, histologically a mild chronic inflammation was observed. In contrast, patients with symptoms of an inflammation of the oral mucosa showed only weak LTA(4)-hydrolase staining of the epithelial cell layers, but strong immunoreactivity in endothelial and invading inflammatory cells. LTB(4) levels were elevated in inflamed tissues compared with non-inflamed controls. Most significantly, there was a strong association between the immunohistochemical detection of the enzyme, LTB(4) levels, cellular infiltration and the clinical disease manifestations. In vitro experiments indicated that LTA(4)-hydrolase expression may be induced by bacterial contamination. This study suggests that LTA(4)-hydrolase expression and elevated LTB(4) levels in oral mucosal epithelium are integral parts of the induction and progression of chronic inflammatory reactions. Epithelial cells may participate in early stages of inflammation as a source of LTB(4).
Adult↗
Effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 stimulation on osteoblasts cultured on different biomaterials.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of an in vitro stimulation of human osteoblasts by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) on the collagen types and the quantity of the collagen cross-links synthesized in a three-dimensional culture on various biomaterials for bone replacement. Trabecular bone chips were harvested from human iliac crests, and cell cultures were established at standard conditions. One hundred and fifty nanograms per milliliter of rhBMP-7 was added. For the second passage a cell scraper was used to bring the cells into suspension, and 100 microl osteoblasts (at a density of 3.3 x 10(5)) were transferred onto nine blocks of either Bio-Oss, Tutoplast, or PepGen p-15. Blocks incubated with cells that were not treated with rhBMP-7 served as controls. Cell colonization of the biomaterials was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after a period of 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Throughout the experiment medium, supernatants were collected and collagen was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Finally, the collagen cross-link residues hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) were quantified by HPLC. Within 4 weeks the cells became confluent on all of the studied biomaterials. All samples synthesized bone specific LP and collagen type I. However, in rhBMP-7-stimulated samples, the amount of HP and LP found was increased by 45% compared to non-stimulated samples. Cell proliferation and collagen synthesis was similar on the different biomaterials, but was consistently reduced in specimen not stimulated with rhBMP-7. In vitro stimulation of osteoblasts on Bio-Oss, Tutoplast, or PepGen p-15 with rhBMP-7 and subsequent transplantation of the constructs might lead to an enhanced osseointegration of the biomaterials in vivo.
Biocompatible Materials↗
Local application of n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of human experimental gingivitis.
BACKGROUND: Polyunsaturated fatty acids have the potential to attenuate inflammation by the synthesis of mediators of the 15-lipoxygenase pathways, which show opposite effects to the pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid metabolites such as leukotriene B4 (LTB4). AIMS: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effects of topical application of n-6 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with experimental gingivitis. METHODS: In each subject, similar teeth served as experimental and control over a 21-day non-hygiene phase and a 9-day resolving phase. Efficacy assessment was based on the bleeding on probing frequency (BOP) and the gingivocrevicular fluid volume (GCF). GCF was determined by inserting a filter paper strip for 30 s and measurements were performed on a Periotron 8000. The LTB4 concentration was analyzed by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS: After 21 days of plaque growth, the BOP, GCF and LTB4 levels were significantly increased in all groups, with no differences between the control and experimental side. Rinsing of an area with established gingivitis for a 9-day period significantly reduced the GCF in the n-6 group (71.9 (18.7) versus 47.4 (11.4) Periotron Units, median (inter quartile range)). CONCLUSION: The topical application of n-6 or n-6 fatty acids failed to inhibit the development of experimental gingivitis. Rinsing with n-6 fatty acids could reduce the level of GCF in established experimental gingivitis.
Administration, Topical↗
The novel human beta-defensin-3 is widely expressed in oral tissues.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of human beta-defensins (hBD), especially of the recently discovered hBD-3, in oral tissues by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Primary oral keratinocytes (n = 3) and fibroblasts (n = 3), 64 non-inflamed and 40 inflamed oral tissue samples, and 10 samples of salivary glands, were examined. The transcripts for hBD-3 (61/64), as well as for hBD-1 (64/64) and hBD-2 (54/64), were found to be widely expressed in non-inflamed oral tissues. In contrast, only 23, 22 and 24 of the 40 inflamed tissues showed detectable hBD-1, -2 and -3 transcripts, respectively. In salivary glands, mRNA expression was constitutive for hBD-1, frequent for hBD-2 (9/10), and infrequent for hBD-3 (4/10). Oral keratinocytes, but not fibroblasts, contained transcripts for all beta-defensins, suggesting that the novel hBD-3 is also produced in the epithelial compartment of oral tissues. The results indicate an important role for the novel hBD-3, as well as for hBD-1 and hBD-2, in the innate oral epithelial host defense.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Effect of oligofructose or dietary calcium on repeated calcium and phosphorus balances, bone mineralization and trabecular structure in ovariectomized rats*.
We investigated the effects of dietary oligofructose and Ca on bone structure in ovariectomized rats, using microradiography and histomorphometry. Ninety-six animals were allocated to seven experimental groups: G1, sham-operated; G2-G7, ovariectomized. Semi-purified diets containing 5 g Ca/kg (recommended content) without oligofructose (G1, G2) or with 25, 50 or 100 g oligofructose/kg (G3, G4, G5) or 10 g Ca/kg (high content) without oligofructose (G6) or with 50 g oligofructose/kg (G7) were fed for 16 weeks. At the recommended level of Ca, high oligofructose (G5) increased femur mineral levels in ovariectomized rats, while medium oligofructose did so at high Ca. Increasing Ca in the absence of oligofructose did not increase femur mineral content. Trabecular bone area (%) analysed in the tibia was 10.3 (sem 1.2) (G1), 7.7 (sem 0.6) (G2), 9.3 (sem 0.7) (G3), 9.4 (sem 1.0) (G4), 9.5 (sem 0.7) (G5), 10.2 (sem 0.8) (G6), and 12.6 (sem 0.8) (G7). At the recommended level of Ca, 25 g oligofructose/kg prevented loss of trabecular area due to increased trabecular thickness, while 50 or 100 g oligofructose/kg increased trabecular perimeter. At high Ca, oligofructose prevented loss of bone area due to increased trabecular number but similar thickness (G7 v. G6). When Ca was raised in the presence of oligofructose (G7), trabecular area and cortical thickness were highest, while loss of trabecular connectivity was lowest of all groups. At the same time, lumbar vertebra Ca was higher; 44.0 (sem 0.8) (G7) compared with 41.6 (sem 0.8) (G2), 41.4 (sem 0.7) (G4), and 40.5 (sem 1.0) mg (G6). We conclude that ovariectomy-induced loss of bone structure in the tibia was prevented but with different trabecular architecture, depending on whether dietary Ca was increased, oligofructose was incorporated, or both. Oligofructose was most effective when dietary Ca was high.
Animals↗