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Biomedical subjects

Yasushi Endo

Publications and source records attributed to Yasushi Endo.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Effects of Japanese Torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil on the activities and mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in rats.

The mechanism for the plasma and liver triacylglycerol-reducing effects of Japanese torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil containing sciadonic acid (all-cis-5, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid) is reported. Male SD rats were fed experimental diets containing 10% torreya, corn, or soybean oil for 4 weeks, and the activities and mRNA expression of the enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were measured in the liver. The activities of some hepatic enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis were lower in the rats fed torreya oil.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Adsorption of bisphenol A by lactic acid bacteria, Lactococcus, strains.

Ten strains of the genus Lactococcus were examined for their ability to remove bisphenol A [2, 2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; BPA], which is known as an endocrine disrupter. Nine strains of the lactococci tested could remove BPA from media during growth, although the removal ratio was below 9%. When BPA was incubated with lyophilized cells of lactococci for 1 h, the concentration of BPA in the media was decreased by 9-62%. Especially, the highest removal ratio of BPA was observed for Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 712. The lactococci could adsorb BPA but not degrade it, because the lactococci maintained the ability to remove BPA from the medium after autoclaving. When the lyophilized cells of L. lactis subsp. lactis 712 were also incubated with six analogues of BPA, they effectively adsorbed hydrophobic compounds such as 2, 2'-diphenylpropane and bisphenol A dimethylether. The BPA-adsorbing ability of lactococci could be due to the hydrophobic binding effect. The removal ratio of BPA by L. lactis subsp. lactis 712 was increased after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate and decreased after digestion with trypsin. These results suggest that the hydrophobic proteins on cell surface may be involved in the BPA-adsorbing ability of lactococci.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2006

Effects of Japanese torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil on lipid metabolism in rats.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated effects of Japanese torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil containing non-methylene-interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acid of all-cis-5,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid (sciadonic acid) on rat lipid metabolism. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets based on AIN-93 containing 10% corn, soybean, or torreya oil for 4 wk. Blood and tissues were recovered from each rat, and concentrations of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and phospholipid in plasma and liver were determined by enzymatic assays. Moreover, fatty acid composition was analyzed for triacylglycerol, cholesterol ester, and phospholipid isolated from plasma and liver lipids by gas liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Plasma triacylglycerol level in rats fed torreya oil was lower than that in rats fed corn or soybean oil, although there were no significant differences in plasma cholesterol and phospholipid levels in all rats. Liver triacylglycerol level was also lower in rats fed torreya oil, whereas liver cholesterol and phospholipid levers were same for all rats. omega-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 22:6 (omega-3) were lower in plasma and liver lipids of torreya and corn oil groups, whereas omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 22:4 (omega-6) and 22:5 (omega-6) were higher. Considerable amounts of sciadonic acid were detected in cholesterol ester, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid in plasma and liver of rats fed torreya oil. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that torreya seed oil can modify lipid metabolism, resulting in lower triacylglycerol levels in plasma and liver of rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Trans fatty acids promote the growth of some Lactobacillus strains.

Five Lactobacillus strains (2 L. gasseri, 2 L. plantarum and 1 L. reuteri) were cultured in modified MRS medium containing fatty acids (FAs) instead of Tween 80 for 24 h at 37 degrees C, to learn the effect of saturated and unsaturated FAs on the Lactobacillus growth. Free FAs included palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (c9-16:1), stearic (18:0), oleic (c9-18:1), elaidic (t9-18:1), cis-vaccenic (c11-18:1), vaccenic (t11-18:1), linoleic (c9, c12-18:2), conjugated linoleic (c9, t11- and t10, c12-18:2), alpha-linolenic (c9, c12, c15-18:3), alpha-eleostearic (c9, t11, t13-18:3), eicosapentaenoic (20:5), and docosahexaenoic (22:6) acids. Among free FAs, oleic acid stimulated the growth of all Lactobacillus strains, whereas palmitoleic acid had almost no affect on the Lactobacillus growth. Saturated FAs such as stearic and palmitic acids inhibited or did not affect the Lactobacillus growth. Polyunsaturated FAs such as alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids strongly inhibited the Lactobacillus growth at 7.6 x 10(-4) m. Octadecenoic acids such as oleic, elaidic, cis-vaccenic and vaccenic acids remarkably promoted the growth of L. gasseri, regardless of the different double bond positions and configurations. When oleic or cis-vaccenic acid was incubated with L. gasseri, the FAs was transformed to cyclopropane FAs (methyleneoctadecanoic acids) after incorporation into the cells. On the other hand, trans FAs such as elaidic and vaccenic acids incorporated into the cells were not converted to another FAs. Conjugated linoleic and alpha-eleostearic acids having a trans double bond promoted the Lactobacillus growth. The growth of L. gasseri was also stimulated by trans-rich free FAs from hydrogenated canola and fish oils. These results showed that octadecenoic acid and trans FAs had strong promotion activities for the Lactobacillus growth due to their incorporation into membrane lipids.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

Primary gastric choriocarcinoma: two case reports and a pooled analysis of 53 cases.

Primary gastric choriocarcinoma (PGC) is a rare tumor. In total, approximately 140 cases of PGC have been reported in the international medical literature. However, the clinical behavior, tumor characteristics, and prognostic parameters of PGC have not been clearly described. We conducted a pooled analysis to clarify the tumor characteristics and prognostic parameters in 53 patients with PGCs, including 2 patients treated at our hospital. The following variables were examined as potential prognostic factors: (1) sex, (2) age, (3) depth of invasion, (4) size, (5) histology, (6) nodal metastasis, (7) distant lymph node metastasis, (8) synchronous liver metastasis, (9) residual tumor, and (10) chemotherapy (not given or given). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the presence of residual tumor and synchronous liver metastasis and the absence of chemotherapy were significantly associated with an increased hazard rate (HR) of short overall survival (OS). Pooled analysis, including the two patients with PGC treated at our facility, demonstrated that the presence of a curative operation and chemotherapy, and the absence of synchronous liver metastasis were the strongest indicators of a favorable clinical course in patients with PGC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Occurrence of a novel cis,cis,cis-octadeca-3,9,12-trienoic (Z,Z,Z-octadeca-3,9,12-trienoic) acid in Chrysanthemum (tanacetum) zawadskii herb. (Compositae) seed oil.

A new octadecatrienoic acid (6.9%), found as a component of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herb. (Asteraceae) seed oil, was shown to be the hitherto unknown cis,cis,cis-octadeca-3,9,12-trienoic acid. The oil also contained 8.6% of crepenynic acid in addition to the other common FA. The structures of the new unusual FA and other FA were confirmed by chromatographic (TLC, GC), spectroscopic (IR, UV, and NMR), and MS methods by using different chemical derivatizations (preparation of methyl ester, pyrrolidide, picolinyl esters, and dimethyloxazoline derivatives).

Alkynes↗
PubMed2003

The production of a new tempeh-like fermented soybean containing a high level of gamma-aminobutyric acid by anaerobic incubation with Rhizopus.

A cultivation procedure for the preparation of a new tempeh-like fermented soybean containing a high level of gamma-aminobutyric acid was developed. Steamed soybeans were incubated aerobically with Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus IFO 8631 for 20 h, and then anaerobically incubated for 5 h by replacement of the atmosphere with nitrogen. The GABA content in the aerobically fermented soybeans was about 30 mg per 100 g dry fermented soybeans, while the anaerobically cultivation was about 370 mg/100 g dry fermented soybeans. The incubation with several strains of Rhizopus species showed that all of R. microsporus var. oligosporus and R. oryzae examined accumulated GABA in the anaerobically fermented soybeans. In particular, R. microsporus var. oligosporus IFO 32002 and IFO 32003 showed the highest content of GABA (1,740 mg/100 g dry fermented soybeans and 1,500 mg/100 g dry fermented soybeans, respectively). Moreover, the free protein amino acids increased greatly in the fermented soybeans during the anaerobic cultivation.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed2003

Bottle-choice tests in Sprague-Dawley rats using liquid diets that differ in oil and sucrose contents.

Bottle choice tests using liquid diets were done with Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats ingested more oil-and-sucrose-enriched milk (hi-fat) and less oil-enriched milk (hi-fat-no-carb) than sucrose-enriched (hi-carb) milk by two-bottle choice tests after they were habituated to liquid diets for 4 days. Chronic food restriction didn't increase hi-fat ingestion but hi-fat-no-carb. Rats ingested less without habituation, and overnight food deprivation increased intake. This increment was maintained after rats were free-fed. The difference in fat content of the maintenance diet had little effect on fat preference. These results showed SD rats prefer a sweet and fatty liquid diet than a sweet and lean liquid diet. Habituation and food restriction were more important than the composition of the maintenance diet to demonstrate a clear preference for the fatty liquid diet.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2003

Effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched tempeh-like fermented soybean (GABA-Tempeh) on the blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

GABA-enriched tempeh-like fermented soybean (GABA-tempeh) was supplemented to the AIN-76 diet and fed for 2 months to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), an animal model of spontaneously developed hypertension, to compare the antihypertensive activity with that of authentic GABA. The elevation of systolic blood pressure in SHRs was significantly retarded in the GABA-tempeh group as well as that with authentic GABA when compared with the controls, and the effect lasted for two months of the feeding period. The blood urea nitrogen level tended to be higher in the control group than in the GABA-supplemented groups. On the other hand, no effect was apparent on the plasma levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucose, or on the urinary excretion of Na and K.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2003

Oxidative degradation of alkylphenols by horseradish peroxidase.

Alkylphenols such as bisphenol A (2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; BPA), p-nonylphenol (p-NP), and p-octylphenol (p-OP) that are known as endocrine disrupters were oxidized by horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) peroxidase (HRP) with H2O2. The optimal pHs for BPA, p-NP, and p-OP were 8.0, 7.0, and 5.0, respectively. The optimal temperature for BPA was 20 degrees C. Although BPA was rapidly degraded by HRP, its degradation depended on the concentration of HRP. Most of the oxidation products of BPA were polymers, although some 4-isopropenylphenol was produced. When male Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to BPA, vitellogenin in the blood increased. However, no increased vitellogenin was observed in medaka exposed to HRP-oxidized BPA. The enzymatic oxidation of BPA using HRP was able to eliminate its estrogen-like activity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Oxidative degradation of bisphenol a by crude enzyme prepared from potato.

When crude enzymes prepared from some vegetables and fruits were incubated with bisphenol A (2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, BPA) at 37 degrees C, BPA was oxidized by crude enzymes from potato, eggplant, and lettuce. The crude enzyme prepared from potato (Solanum tuberosum) had the strongest oxidative activity for BPA. Its optimal temperature and pH were 40-45 degrees C and 8.0, respectively. More than 95% of BPA was oxidized after the incubation with potato enzyme for 60 min. BPA gave two oxidation products besides insoluble compounds during the oxidation by potato enzyme. The oxidation products were identified to be 4[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-benzene-1,2-diol and 4[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-benzene-1,3-diol. Enzymatically oxidized BPA lost the estrogen-like activity to enhance the growth of human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells.

Benzhydryl Compounds↗
PubMed2002

Incorporation and accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid from the medium by Pichia methanolica HA-32.

Yeast species were screened for the incorporation and accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with a yeast-malt medium containing 0.5% free fatty acid prepared from fish oil (DHA, 28% of total fatty acids in fish oil). The most suitable strain was Pichia methanolica HA-32. The optimum cultivation conditions for the accumulation of lipids and incorporation of DHA were as follows: 5% glucose, 20% yeast extract, and 3% free fatty acid in the medium, at pH 6.0 and with incubated at 25 degrees C for 3 days. Under these conditions, about 200 mg of total lipids and 60 mg of DHA were recovered from 1 g of dry cells. The accumulation of DHA in cells increased in conjunction with the amount of yeast extract added to the medium. Vitamin B groups and minerals also had an effect on the accumulation of DHA. Choline and K2HPO4, which caused browning of the medium, promoted the accumulation of DHA in cells.

Carbon↗
PubMed2002

Effect of dietary tung oil on the growth and lipid metabolism of laying hens.

The influence of dietary tung oil, containing a high level of alpha-eleostearic acid (cis-9, trans-11, trans-13-octadecatrienoic acid, EA) on growth, egg production, and lipid and fatty acid compositions in tissues and egg yolks of laying hens was studied in White Leghorn hens. Forty-week-old hens were divided into three groups of eight birds each and fed diets containing 0, 0.5, or 1.0% tung oil for 6 wk. The average body weight, feed consumption, rate of egg production, and weights of eggs and yolks were not affected. The weight of adipose tissue was remarkably small in hens fed tung oil, whereas the yolk lipid content did not change. Triglyceride level in heart and adipose tissue decreased in hens fed tung oil, and the level of linolenic acid (C18:3) in all tissues was decreased. Alpha-EA was not almost deposited in the tissues and egg yolk of hens fed tung oil, but conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was detected in all tissues and egg yolks. The level of CLA in the tissues was significantly higher with increased dietary tung oil. The order of CLA level in tissue lipids was adipose tissue>liver>heart>breast muscle. Especially, the level of CLA in the lipids of adipose tissue and egg yolks of hens fed 1.0% tung oil was 2.0% of the total fatty acid. These results supposed that dietary tung oil affected the lipid metabolism of laying hens and could modify the lipid and fatty acid composition in tissues and eggs.

Adipose Tissue↗