Biomedical subjects

Ying Gao

Publications and source records attributed to Ying Gao.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Trans-omics integration underscores distinct roles of polyunsaturated phospholipids in bidirectional offspring birth weight deviations.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal birth weights are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and future metabolic consequences. We aimed to examine cord blood lipidomes from low, normal and high birth weight (LBW, NBW, HBW) infants to identify core lipid signatures associated with non-optimum birth weight, and to derive biological insights through trans-omics data integration with placental proteome, maternal plasma lipidome and clinical phenome. METHODS: We conducted quantitative lipidomics of cord blood samples from two independent cohorts: a retrospective discovery cohort (n = 147) and a prospective validation cohort (n = 73). Integration with placental proteomics, maternal plasma lipidomics and clinical phenomics was conducted to elucidate potential biological implications. FINDINGS: We identified substantial reductions in cord blood polyunsaturated phospholipids (PUFA-PLs) (FDR <0.05) associated with placental vesicle trafficking and formation in LBW, and altered neutrophil degranulation in HBW. Combinatorial analyses of paired maternal plasma and cord blood samples indicated that cord blood PUFA-PL reductions were not attributable to deficient maternal supply, but rather to impeded assimilation (LBW) and increased utilisation (HBW). INTERPRETATION: Our findings provide biological insights that may inform targetable, lipid-oriented nutritional and/or pharmacological strategies to modulate foetal growth and development, with the goal of optimising clinical outcomes for both mother and child. FUNDING: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82170854, 81870579, 81870545, 82571043, 2357308); National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-C-019); Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2024ZD0530200 and 2024ZD0530204); Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Z201100005520011); Peking University Clinical Scientist Training Program (No. BMU2023PYJH022); Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (7202163, 7184252).

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Tranexamic acid in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a well-established antifibrinolytic medication in the general population. However, its efficacy and safety for patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remain inconclusive. Consequently, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of TXA for spontaneous ICH. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) following established methodological standards. Our search encompassed eight electronic databases from inception to April 25, 2024. The primary outcome was a reduction in all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes included improvements in functional independence, neurological impairment, activities of daily living, and reduction in hematoma expansion (HE). Fixed-effects or random-effects model were performed for pooled data where eligible. RESULTS: A total of 9 RCTs that initially enrolled 3,124 patients were included. There were no significant differences observed concerning all-cause mortality (RR, 1.03; 95% CI [0.89-1.18]), hematoma expansion (RR, 0.90; 95% CI [0.80-1.00]), improvement of functional independence (RR, 1.02; 95% CI [0.92-1.12], neurological impairment (MD, -0.88 [95% CI, -2.22-0.45]), or activities in daily living (MD, -0.83 [95% CI, -29.25-12.59]). The pooled data indicated that TXA for ICH was associated with a decrease in hematoma volume from baseline (MD, -1.74; 95% CI [-2.47 to -1.02]). No significant difference in adverse events was observed between the TXA group and the control group. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, TXA does not affect all-cause mortality, functional outcomes, or neurological impairment, nor does it reduce HE, despite reducing hematoma volulume. TXA use for ICH requires careful clinical consideration.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Systematically investigating and identifying bacteriocins in the human gut microbiome.

Human gut microbiota produces unmodified bacteriocins, natural antimicrobial peptides that protect against pathogens and regulate host physiology. However, current bioinformatic tools limit the comprehensive investigation of bacteriocins' biosynthesis, obstructing research into their biological functions. Here, we introduce IIBacFinder, a superior analysis pipeline for identifying unmodified class II bacteriocins. Through large-scale bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation, we demonstrate their widespread distribution across the bacterial kingdom, with most being habitat specific. Analyzing over 280,000 bacterial genomes, we reveal the diverse potential of human gut bacteria to produce these bacteriocins. Guided by meta-omics analysis, we synthesized 26 hypothetical bacteriocins from gut commensal species, with 16 showing antibacterial activities. Further ex vivo tests show minimal impact of narrow-spectrum bacteriocins on human fecal microbiota. Our study highlights the huge biosynthetic potential of unmodified bacteriocins in the human gut, paving the way for understanding their biological functions and health implications.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Targeting the bile acid receptor TGR5 with Gentiopicroside to activate Nrf2 antioxidant signaling and mitigate Parkinson's disease in an MPTP mouse model.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by classical symptoms including bradykinesia, rest tremor and rigidity. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are recognized as pivotal factors in PD progression. Gentiopicroside (GPS), a secoiridoid derived from Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa, exhibits antioxidant and mitophagy induction properties. Nonetheless, the effects and mechanisms by which GPS mitigates neurodegeneration in PD remain to be thoroughly elucidated. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of GPS in PD models. METHODS: We established the MPTP/MPP+-induced PD models to measure the neuroprotection of GPS. Transcriptomic analysis, oxidative biochemical kits, western blot and cell immunofluorescence were conducted to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms at play. Subsequently, the targeting and activation of the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) by GPS were measured by molecular docking, cellular thermal shift assay, microscale thermophoresis (MST) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) quantitation. Finally, we verified whether the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of GPS were dependent on TGR5 by using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), pharmacological antagonist and knockout mice. RESULTS: GPS significantly attenuated dopaminergic (DAergic) neuron loss and restored motor function in the MPTP-induced PD mouse model. Whole-genome RNA sequencing and subsequent mechanistic investigations revealed that GPS enhanced the expression and facilitated nuclear entry of factor erythroid-related 2-factor 2 (Nrf2), and reduced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction stimulated by neurotoxin. Additionally, GPS could target TGR5 and prevent its downregulation in PD model. TGR5's silencing or inhibition weakened the neuroprotective effect of GPS and blocked GPS-mediated activation of Nrf2 antioxidant signaling in PD model. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of GPS in mitigating motor deficits and neurodegeneration was also abolished in Tgr5 knockout mice. CONCLUSION: These findings collectively indicated that GPS targeted TGR5 to activate Nrf2 antioxidant signaling and ultimately ameliorated the pathological progression of PD.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Inhibition of oxidation activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) by propylthiouracil (PTU) and anti-MPO antibodies from patients with PTU-induced vasculitis.

Propylthiouracil (PTU) could induce antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects on MPO oxidation activity by PTU and MPO-ANCA from patients with primary microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and PTU-induced vasculitis. IgG preparations were purified from MPO-ANCA-positive sera from seven patients with PTU-induced vasculitis and ten patients with primary MPA. The oxidation activity of MPO was measured in the presence of PTU and MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations from patients with PTU-induced vasculitis and primary MPA respectively. PTU could competitively inhibit the oxidation activity of MPO dose dependently. MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations from 6/7 patients with PTU-induced vasculitis and only 3/10 from patients with primary MPA could inhibit the MPO activity in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusions, the oxidation activity of MPO could be inhibited by PTU and PTU-induced MPO-ANCA in a dose-dependent manner, which might be involved in the pathogenesis PTU-induced vasculitis.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

The structure of the Lingo-1 ectodomain, a module implicated in central nervous system repair inhibition.

Nogo receptor (NgR)-mediated control of axon growth relies on the central nervous system-specific type I transmembrane protein Lingo-1. Interactions between Lingo-1 and NgR, along with a complementary co-receptor, result in neurite and axonal collapse. In addition, the inhibitory role of Lingo-1 is particularly important in regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination, suggesting that pharmacological modulation of Lingo-1 function could be a novel approach for nerve repair and remyelination therapies. Here we report on the crystal structure of the ligand-binding ectodomain of human Lingo-1 and show it has a bimodular, kinked structure composed of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and immunoglobulin (Ig)-like modules. The structure, together with biophysical analysis of its solution properties, reveals that in the crystals and in solution Lingo-1 persistently associates with itself to form a stable tetramer and that it is its LRR-Ig-composite fold that drives such assembly. Specifically, in the crystal structure protomers of Lingo-1 associate in a ring-shaped tetramer, with each LRR domain filling an open cleft in an adjacent protomer. The tetramer buries a large surface area (9,200 A2) and may serve as an efficient scaffold to simultaneously bind and assemble the NgR complex components during activation on a membrane. Potential functional binding sites that can be identified on the ectodomain surface, including the site of self-recognition, suggest a model for protein assembly on the membrane.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

The target antigens of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) induced by propylthiouracil.

OBJECTIVE: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) has been well documented in association with propylthiouracil (PTU), and some patients with PTU-induced ANCA also develop clinical vasculitis. The aim of the current study was to detect ANCA specificities in sera from patients with PTU-induced ANCA with and without clinical vasculitis. METHODS: Sera from 65 patients with PTU-induced ANCA were collected, and 27 of these patients were diagnosed with PTU-induced ANCA associated systemic vasculitis (AASV). Indirect immunofluorescence assay and antigen-specific ELISAs were used to detect ANCA and their antigen specificities. The seven known target antigens included myeloperoxidase (MPO), proteinase 3, human leukocyte elastase, lactoferrin, cathepsin G, azurocidin and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI). RESULTS: In IIF assay, P-ANCA was found in 58/65 (89.2%) sera, C-ANCA in two, both P-ANCA and C-ANCA in five, respectively. MPO (60%) and lactoferrin (63.1%) were the two most common target antigens detected in sera from all the patients. 25/27 sera from patients with PTU-induced AASV recognized multiple target antigens, which was significantly higher than those (13/38) from patients without (P<0.001). Except anti-BPI antibodies, the prevalence of antibodies against the other six target antigens was significantly higher in patients with clinical vasculitis than that in patients without (P<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Antibodies against multiple ANCA specific antigens, especially the antigens rather than MPO and PR3, might be the characteristic of PTU-induced ANCA. Patients with antibodies against more ANCA specific antigens might be at increased risk of developing overt clinical vasculitis. The mechanism of ANCA production in PTU-induced cases was different from that in primary AASV.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Changes of the proportion and mortality of pulmonary thromboembolism in hospitalized patients from 1974 to 2005.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) has become a common disease that severely endangers people's health. This study analysed the changes in proportion and mortality of PTE in hospitalized patients to provide data for prevention and management of the disease. METHODS: The data of 763 hospitalized patients with PTE from 1974 to 2005 in Fuwai Hospital were analysed. RESULTS: During the 1970s, 0.27% of patients in a cardiovascular hospital had PTE (< 5 cases per year); while so far this century the proportion is 0.94% (48 to 113 per year). The mortality of hospitalized PTE patients fell from 20.00% in the 1970s to 4.10% this century. Prior to 1990, the mortality of hospitalized PTE patients was 12.50%, and in the years after 1990 only 3.40%. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.005). People with this disease were mostly between the ages of 30 and 69 years. Men were most susceptible between the ages of 30 and 69 years, while women between the ages of 40 and 69 years. Men contracted PTE 10 years earlier than women. The mortality of male PTE patients was 4.70%, not significantly different from female patients, 5.06% (0.50 < P < 0.75). There were not any significant differences between the mortality of patients in the different age groups overall (< or = 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59, and > or = 60 years, P > 0.1). More people contracted the disease in winter than in other seasons (P < 0.05). There was no obvious difference between the mortality in different seasons overall (0.75 < P < 0.90). CONCLUSION: PTE is an increasingly significant disease and deserves adequate attention.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Pathway of information transmission from heme to protein upon ligand binding/dissociation in myoglobin revealed by UV resonance raman spectroscopy.

Gas sensory heme proteins respond to their environment by binding a specific gas molecule to heme and transmitting this primary binding signal to the protein. How the binding signal is transmitted from the heme to the protein remains to be clarified. Using UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy, we investigated this pathway in sperm whale myoglobin as a model gas sensory heme protein. Based on the UVRR data and the effects of deleting one of three important pathways (His-93, 6-propionate, or 7-propionate), we determined the changes in the conformation of globin that occur upon binding of CO, nitric oxide (NO), or O(2) to heme and how they are transmitted from heme to globin. The UVRR results show that heme discriminates different ligands, resulting in different conformations in the globin protein. Specifically, NO induces changes in the spectrum of Trp residues in the A-helix that are significantly different from those induced by O(2) or CO binding. On the other hand, binding of O(2) to heme produces changes in the Tyr residues of the H-helix that are different from those induced by CO or NO binding. Furthermore, we found that cleavage of the Fe-His-93 covalent bond eliminates communication to the terminal region of the H-helix and that the 7-propionate hydrogen-bonding network is essential for transmitting the CO or NO binding signal to the N and C termini. Finally, the 6-propionate is important only for NO binding. Thus, the hydrogen-bonding network in the protein appears to be critical for intramolecular signal transduction in gas sensory heme proteins.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

The cytokine interleukin-6 is sufficient but not necessary to mimic the peripheral conditioning lesion effect on axonal growth.

Lesioning the peripheral branch of a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron before injury of the central branch of the same neuron enables spontaneous regeneration of these spinal axons. This effect is cAMP and transcription dependent. Here, we show that the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is upregulated in DRG neurons after either a conditioning lesion or treatment with dibutyryl-cAMP. In culture, IL-6 allows neurons to grow in the presence of inhibitors of regeneration present in myelin. Importantly, intrathecal delivery of IL-6 to DRG neurons blocks inhibition by myelin both in vitro and in vivo, effectively mimicking the conditioning lesion. Blocking IL-6 signaling has no effect on the ability of cAMP to overcome myelin inhibitors. Consistent with this, IL-6-deficient mice respond to a conditioning lesion as effectively as wild-type mice. We conclude that IL-6 can mimic both the cAMP effect and the conditioning lesion effect but is not an essential component of either response.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Field-amplified sample stacking capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence applied to the determination of illicit drugs on banknotes.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with Ru(bpy)3(2+) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection system was established to the determination of contamination of banknotes with controlled drugs and a high efficiency on-column field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) technique was also optimized to increase the ECL intensity. The method was illustrated using heroin and cocaine, which are two typical and popular illicit drugs. Highest sample stacking was obtained when 0.01 mM acetic acid was chosen for sample dissolution with electrokinetical injection for 6 s at 17 kV. Under the optimized conditions: ECL detection at 1.2 V, separation voltage 10.0 kV, 20 mM phosphate-acetate (pH 7.2) as running buffer, 5 mM Ru(bpy)3(2+) with 50 mM phosphate-acetate (pH 7.2) in the detection cell, the standard curves were linear in the range of 7.50x10(-8) to 1.00x10(-5) M for heroin and 2.50x10(-7) to 1.00x10(-4) M for cocaine and detection limits of 50 nM for heroin and 60 nM for cocaine were achieved (S/N = 3), respectively. Relative standard derivations of the ECL intensity and the migration time were 3.50 and 0.51% for heroin and 4.44 and 0.12% for cocaine, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of heroin and cocaine on illicit drug contaminated banknotes without any damage of the paper currency. A baseline resolution for heroin and cocaine was achieved within 6 min.

Cocaine↗

PubMed2006

Determination of ranitidine in urine by capillary electrophoresis-electrochemiluminescent detection.

The fast analysis of ranitidine is of clinical importance in understanding its efficiency and a patient's treatment history. In this paper, a novel determination method for ranitidine based on capillary electrophoresis-electrochemiluminescence detection is described. The conditions affecting separation and detection were investigated in detail. End-column detection of ranitidine in 5 mM Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) solution at applied voltage of 1.20 V was performed. Favorable ECL intensity with higher column efficiency was achieved by electrokinetic injection for 10s at 10 kV. The R.S.D. values of ECL intensity and migration time were 6.38 and 1.84% for 10(-4) M and 6.01 and 0.60% for 10(-5) M, respectively. A detection limit of 7 x 10(-8) M (S/N=3) was achieved. The proposed method was applied satisfactorily to the determination of ranitidine in urine in 6 min.

Buffers↗

PubMed2006

The use of CE-electrochemiluminescence with ionic liquid for the determination of bioactive constituents in Chinese traditional medicine.

CE / tris(2,2-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)(3) (2+)) electrochemiluminescence (ECL), CE-ECL, with an ionic liquid (IL) detection system was established for the determination of bioactive constituents in Chinese traditional medicine opium poppy which contain large amounts of coexistent substances. A minimal sample pretreatment which involves a one-step extraction approach avoids both sample loss and environmental pollution. As the nearby hydroxyl groups in some alkaloid such as morphine may react with borate to form complexes and IL, as a high-conductivity additive in running buffer, could cause an enhanced field-amplified effect of electrokinetic injection. Running buffer containing 25 mM borax-8 mM 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF(4))IL (pH 9.18) was used which resulted in significant changes in separation selectivity and obvious enhancement in ECL intensities for those alkaloids with similar structures. Sensitive detection could be achieved when the distance between the Pt working electrode and the outlet of separation capillary was set at 150 microm and the stainless steel cannula was fixed approximately 1 cm away from the outlet of the capillary. Quantitative analysis of four alkaloids was achieved at a detection voltage of 1.2 V and a separation voltage of 15 kV in less than 7 min. Detection limits of thebaine, codeine, morphine, and narcotine were 2.5 x 10(-7), 2.5 x 10(-7), 1 x 10(-9) and 1 x 10(-6) M(S/N = 3), respectively. The method was successfully applied to determine the amounts of opium alkaloids in real poppy samples.

2,2'-Dipyridyl↗

PubMed2006

Effect of semen quality on the embryo development.

To investigate the influences of sperm quality on the zygotes and embryos development, as the role of the paternal factor in early human embryogenesis is gaining more attention because of the application of techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for the treatment of men infertility. 136 infertility couples with men factors (Group I ) were included from May 2002 to January 2001. One hundred and seventy-two infertility couples with tube factors (Group II) served as controls. The sperm parameters, gemmates and embryos quality, implantation rate and pregnant rate in both groups were analyzed. It was found that there was no significant differences in the number of oocytes retrieved, the fertilization rate and number of embryos transferred between two groups. Sperm concentration, percentage of motile sperm and percentage of sperm with normal morphology were significantly lower in group I than in group II (P < 0.01). The proportion of good quality zygotes and good quality embryos were significantly lower in the male infertility group than in the tubal disease group (P < 0.05). Implantation rate and pregnancy rate were similar in two groups. It was concluded that spermatozoa is involved in the embryo quality, even in the early stages of development, which limited the treatment potency of IVF procedure.

Embryo Transfer↗

PubMed2006

Stromal cell lines from the aorta-gonado-mesonephros region are potent supporters of murine and human hematopoiesis.

OBJECTIVE: The hematopoietic system is nurtured by a supportive stroma environment allowing maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). However, only a limited number of these stromal cell clones support hematopoiesis in the absence of cytokine supplementation. So far, only two bone marrow-derived stromal cell lines (OP9 and S17) are capable of inducing hematopoietic differentiation of totipotent murine and human embryonic stem cells (ESC). Here, the potential of more than 100 stromal cell lines developed from the aorta-gonado-mesonephros (AGM) region was investigated in supporting adult and embryonic hematopoiesis. In addition, extensive phenotypic analysis should elucidate possible mechanisms involved in maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell function. METHODS: More than 100 stromal cell clones derived from the AGM region of E10.5 mouse embryos were isolated. Hematopoietic stem cell support was tested for adult murine and human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic cells derived from murine ESC. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization was performed including gene array analysis. RESULTS: It was demonstrated that multiple clones showed high efficiency in supporting maintenance and expansion of primitive murine and human hematopoietic progenitors. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time that AGM stromal cell lines are also potent inducers of hematopoietic differentiation of murine ESC. Microarray analysis of AGM lines revealed a characteristic genotype with expression of genes involved in regulating hematopoiesis as well as mesodermal and early B cell development. CONCLUSION: These AGM stromal cell lines may be of value in elucidating molecular mechanisms regulating early stem cell development and hematopoietic differentiation from ES-derived mesoderm.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

ICI 182,780-regulated gene expression in DU145 prostate cancer cells is mediated by estrogen receptor-beta/NFkappaB crosstalk.

Estrogen receptor (ER)-beta is the predominant ER subtype in prostate cancer (PCa). We previously demonstrated that ICI 182,780 (ICI), but not estrogens, exerted dose-dependent growth inhibition on DU145 PCa cells by an ER-beta-mediated pathway. Transcriptional profiling detected a greater than three-fold upregulation of seven genes after a 12-hour exposure to 1 microM ICI. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed the upregulation of four genes by ICI: interleukin-12alpha chain, interleukin-8, embryonic growth/differentiation factor, and RYK tyrosine kinase. Treatment with an ER-beta antisense oligonucleotide reduced cellular ER-beta mRNA and induced loss of expression of these genes. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of consensus NFkappaB sites, but not estrogen-responsive elements, in promoters of all four genes. Reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that ICI-induced gene expression could be mediated by crosstalk between ER-beta and the NFkappaB signaling pathway, denoting a novel mechanism of ER-beta-mediated ICI action. Therefore, combined therapies targeting ER-beta and NFkappaB signaling may be synergistic as treatment for PCa.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗

PubMed2006

[Long-term effects of memantine therapy on neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage].

OBJECTIVE: Animal trials have demonstrated that memantine has neuroprotective effects on hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage. Whether memantine can improve the long-term prognosis of rats with HI brain damage has not been reported. This study was designed to investigate the long-term effect of memantine therapy on neonatal rats with HI brain damage. METHODS: Sixty postnatal 7-day-old newborn rats were randomly assigned into Normal control, HI and Memantine treated groups. Memantine (20 mg/kg) was administered immediately after HI in the Memantine-treated group. All subjects received a 5-day training of Morris water maze test from 23 days old. The escape latency (EL) was recorded at 28 and 35 days old. RESULTS: The EL values of the Normal control, HI and Memantine-treated groups at 28 days old were 23.1 +/- 21.8, 35.1 +/- 5.3, and 20.6 +/- 3.4 seconds, respectively. There was a significant difference in the EL value between the HI and the Normal control groups (P < 0.05). The EL value of the Normal control, HI and Memantine-treated groups at 35 days old were 19.7 +/- 16.7, 35.6 +/- 32.3, and 16.3 +/- 13.2 seconds, respectively. A prolonged EL induced by HI still existed (P < 0.05 vs Normal controls) but memantine treatment shortened the EL (P < 0.01 vs HI group) at 35 days old. CONCLUSIONS: Administering memantine immediately after HI can markedly increase the abilities of spatial discrimination, learning and memory and improve the long-term prognosis in rats with HI brain damage.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Clinical analysis of 8 cases of paradoxical embolism].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features of paradoxical embolism and therefore to improve its diagnosis. METHODS: Case analysis and literature review. RESULTS: Eight cases of pulmonary embolism complicated with paradoxical embolism were diagnosed, of whom there were six men and two women (mean age, 47.6 years). Patent foramen ovale with right to left shunt was identified in only 3 cases. Cerebral embolism occurred in three patients, kidney artery embolism in 2 patients, left atrial thrombus in 1 patient, lower limb artery and aortic embolism in 1 patients respectively. The diagnosis of paradoxical embolism can only be confirmed when a venous thrombus was detected lodged at arterial-venous communication; otherwise, paradoxical embolism was considered a clinical diagnosis. Of the 8 cases, 7 were clinically diagnosed, while 1 was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Paradoxical embolism is not uncommon. The diagnosis should be considered when venous thromboembolism is complicated with systematic embolism or unknown cause of systematic embolism.

Adult↗