Biomedical subjects

Yodying Punjasawadwong

Publications and source records attributed to Yodying Punjasawadwong.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anesthetics: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials.

Lidocaine has been used for spinal anesthesia since 1948, seemingly without causing concern. However, during the last 10 years, a number of reports have appeared implicating lidocaine as a possible cause of neurologic complications after spinal anesthesia. Follow-up of patients who received uncomplicated spinal anesthesia revealed that some of them developed pain in the lower extremities--transient neurologic symptoms (TNS). In this study, we sought to compare the frequency of 1) TNS and 2) neurologic complications after spinal anesthesia with lidocaine with that after other local anesthetics. Published trials were identified by computerized searches of The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, LILAC, and EMBASE and by checking the reference lists of trials and review articles. The search identified 14 trials reporting 1347 patients, 117 of whom developed TNS. None of these patients showed signs of neurologic complications. The relative risk for developing TNS after spinal anesthesia with lidocaine was higher than with other local anesthetics (bupivacaine, prilocaine, procaine, and mepivacaine), i.e., 4.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.98-9.54). There was no evidence that this painful condition was associated with any neurologic pathology; in all patients, the symptoms disappeared spontaneously by the 10th postoperative day.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Cerebral electrical activity as a tool in evaluating anesthetic effect during balanced anesthesia with sevoflurane.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was undertaken to provide basic information about bilateral frontal cerebral electrical activity after induction, before and after skin incision, and at a steady state during sevoflurane anesthesia at the end tidal concentration 1, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 MAC and determine the association between the electrical cerebral activity with other clinical end points, i.e. motor responses and post-operative recall. MATERIAL AND METHOD: the Dual Channel Brain Activity, ABM2 (DATEX) was used to continuously monitor frontal EMG and electrical cerebral activities (i.e. frequency and amplitude) of both hemispheres in 20 adult female patients undergoing balanced anesthesia in Maharaj Chiang Mai Hospital. The eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive 1.0 MAC, 1.2MAC, 1.4MAC or 1.6MAC of a mixture of sevoflurane and 66.67% nitrous oxide in oxygen during anesthesia. The anesthesia was induced with 5 mg/kg thiopental and supplemented with 1-1.5 microgram per kilogram of fentanyl. The standard dose of pancuronium or atracurium was given during maintenance. RESULTS: After induction with 5 mg/kg thiopental, the mean (95% confidence interval) of frontal EMG significantly decreased from 2.66 (1.63,4.29) to 1.41 (0.2,1.61). When eyelash reflex was absent, the mean (95%CI) frequency and amplitude of the right frontal EEG was 3.89 (3.29, 4.497) Hz, 39.58 (32.11, 47.05) microvolt and left frontal EEG was 3.84 (3.43, 4.25) Hz, 33.55 (28.59, 38.61) microvolt. The findings were consistent with the raw EEG shown on the monitor, i.e. a progressive decrease in the frequency and an increase in the amplitude. During maintenance with the inhaled anesthetics, there was a statistically significant decrease in frequency of right frontal in those who had received the inhaled anesthetic concentration to reach 1.4 and 1.65 MAC (p < 0.05) (repeated measure ANOVA). At the steady state of end tidal concentration of the sevoflurane there was consistency in decreasing frequencies and increasing amplitudes of both hemispheres of the groups with higher MAC values (p < 0.05) (Table 3). However, the authors failed to demonstrate the relationships between EEG changes and other clinical responses. CONCLUSION: The present study has provided basic information about cerebral electrical activity during the balanced anesthesia with sevoflurane. As anesthesia deepened by increased MAC, the frequency decreased and the amplitude increased.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

The Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study) of oxygen desaturation.

OBJECTIVES: To examine incidents, contributory factors, treatment and outcomes associated with oxygen desaturation during anesthesia practice in Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Relevant data were extracted from the Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study) database between February 1, 2003 and January 31, 2004 and analyzed by using mainly descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Four hundred and ninety seven incidents of oxygen desaturation (SpO2 <90 for at least 3min or < or = 85%) were reported. The incidents were widely distributed throughout anesthesia phases. Most of the incidents (92.2%) occurred during general anesthesia, while 23 (4.6%) occurred after regional anesthesia. Anesthesia was the sole contributory factor in 280 patients (56.8%) and a combination of that with other factors in 126 (25.4%). The majority of the incidents (88.4%) was related to respiratory adverse events, whereas, 8% was related to circulatory ones. Sixteen incidents (3.2%) were related to anesthetic machine and equipment failure. Most of the incidents (60.0%) caused minor physiologic changes and were correctable. The management was considered adequate in the majority of patients. As a result, 77.5 % of the patients recovered completely, whereas, death ensued in 5.8%. The cases of death were associated with co-morbidity (ASA class 4 and 5) with an Odds ratio of 12.9 (95% CI:5.4,31.0). The common contributory factors were inexperience, wrong decision, inadequate knowledge and lack ofsupervision. The proposed corrective strategies included improvement in supervision, care improvement, additional training, clinical practice guideline and quality assurance activity. CONCLUSION: Incidents associated with oxygen desaturation were distributed throughout all phases of anesthesia. Most of them were preventable and correctable. Therefore, anesthesia care providers should be alert in looking for incidents, and manage them promptly before they were in serious adverse events.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

The Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study) of anesthetic outcomes: I. Description of methods and populations.

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: Since anesthesia, unlike medical or surgical specialties, does not constitute treatment, The Royal College of Anesthesiologists of Thailand host the Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study) of anesthetic outcomes to determine factors related to anesthesia related adverse events. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective descriptive study of occurrence screening was conducted in 20 hospitals comprised of 7 university, 4 general and 4 district hospitals across Thailand. Anesthesia personnels were required to fill up patient-related, surgical-related, anesthesia-related variables and adverse outcomes on a strutured data entry form. The data included preanesthetic evaluation intraoperative period and 24 hr postoperative period. Adverse events specific form was recorded when adverse events occurred. All data were keyed in data management unit with double entry technique and descriptive statistics was used in the first phase of this study. RESULTS: A total of 163403 consecutive cases were recorded in one year. The mean (S.D.) of age, weight and height of patients were 38.6(2.3) yrs, 53.9(17.7) kgs and 153.4(22.7) cm respectively. There were more female (52.9%) than male (47. 1%) patients with ASA PS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 = 50.8%, 36.3%, 10.7%, 2.0%, 0.2% respectively. Hypertension (11.6%), anemia (7.7%) and diabetes melitus (6.8%) were the three most common abnormalities in preanesthetic history taking. Mallampati score of 111870 patients grade 1, 2, 3, 4 were 54.0%, 39.7%, 5.6%, 0.7% and laryngoscopic grade 1, 2, 3, 4 of 74888 patients were 81.0%, 15.5%, 3.0% and 0.5% respectively. CONCLUSION: The first phase of THAI study epidemiological project can represent both the anesthesia and surgical profiles in Thailand. The collected data available should be useful for the improvement of the quality of anesthesia, guidelines for clinical practices, medical education and for further research.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

The Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study) of anesthetic outcomes: II. Anesthetic profiles and adverse events.

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: The purposes of the Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study) of anesthetic outcomes were to survey patients, surgical, anesthetic profiles and determine factors related to adverse events. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective descriptive study of occurrence screening was conducted in 20 hospitals comprised of 7 university, 4 general and 4 district hospitals across Thailand. Anesthesia personnel were required to fill up patient-related, surgical-related, anesthesia-related variables and adverse outcomes on a structured data entry form. The data were collected during the preanesthetic evaluation, intraoperative period and 24 hr postoperative period. Adverse events specific forms were used to record when they occurred. All data were keyed at data management unit with double entry technique and descriptive statistics was used in the first phase of this study. RESULTS: A total of 163403 consecutive cases were recorded during first 12 months. MD. anesthesiologists involved with 82%, 89%, 45% and 0.2% of cases in university hospitals, regional hospitals, general hospitals and district hospitals respectively. Nurse anesthetists took a major involvement in hospitals run by the Ministry of Public Health. Two-thirds of cases did not receive any premedication (67%) and midazolam was most frequent premedication administered (20%). Common monitoring were non invasive blood pressure (NIBP) (97%), pulse oximetry (96%), electrocardiography (80%), urine output (33%), airway pressure (27%) and capnometry (19%) respectively. The choices of anesthesia were general anesthesia (62%), spinal anesthesia (23%), total intravenous anesthesia (6%), monitor anesthesia care (4%), brachial plexus block (3%) and epidural anesthesia (1%). The adverse events were oxygen desaturation (31.9:10000), cardiac arrest (30.8:10000), death within 24 hr. (28.3:10000), difficult intubation (22.5:10000),re-intubation (19.4:10000), unplanned ICU admission (7.2:10000), coma/cva/convulsion (4.8:10000), equipment malfunction/failure (3.4:10000), suspected myocardial ischemia or infarction (2.7:10000), awareness during anesthesia (3.8:10000), late detected esophageal intubation (4.1:10000), failed intubation (3.1:10000), anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reaction (2.1:10000), nerve injury (2:10000), pulmonary aspiration (2.7:10000), drug error (1.3:10000), hazard to anesthesia personnel (1.5:10000), unplanned hospital admission (0.1:10000), total spinal block (1.3:10000) and mismatch blood transfusion (0.18:10000) CONCLUSION: Respiratory adverse events were common anesthesia direct related events. High incidence of cardiac arrest and death within 24 hr highlighted concerns for prevention strategies. Incidents of adverse events can be used for institutional quality improvement, educational quality assurance and further research for patient safety in anesthesia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Transfusion errors in the Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study): three cases.

Of 163,403 recorded cases of anesthesia in the Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study), transfusion errors occurred thrice. Case #1: a 68-year-old male, blood group A, undergoing hepatectomy, received two units of PRC and four units of FFP (all units were group A), but two of the FFP units were given to the wrong patient because the caregiver did not check the patient-identification on all of the blood bags. Case #2: a 42-year-old female, blood group A, undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy, received 250 mL of group B-blood. Skin rashes, a clue for diagnosis of transfusion error were observed in the postoperative period. The error occurred because the caregiver did not check the patient-identification before starting the transfusion. Case #3: a 42-year-old female, blood group O, undergoing hysterectomy, received 430 mL of group AB-blood. More blood was requested in the ICU and it was discovered that the new bag was group O instead of AB. Mislabeling of the blood sample at the first blood request accounted for the error even though blood group O was recorded on the patient's OPD chart. The first two patients developed minor adverse reactions (grade 1) whereas the third developed a severe reaction (grade 3). All of the patients responded well to treatments. Accordingly, the system for preventing transfusion errors has been improved at both hospitals.

Adult↗