Biomedical subjects

Yoichi Kameda

Publications and source records attributed to Yoichi Kameda.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Anterior mediastinal mass in a patient with Graves' disease.

Thymic hyperplasia is a common feature in Graves' disease. However, in most cases, thymic enlargement is minimal, and radiologically detectable massive enlargement of the thymus is infrequently reported. Half of them undergo thymectomy due to the concern about a thymoma. We report a 28-year-old woman with untreated Graves' disease. She had an anterior mediastinal mass that was diagnosed as true thymic hyperplasia by biopsy and disappeared after treatment of the hyperthyroid state. Recognizing the association between thymic hyperplasia and Graves'disease, and existence of the benign course after treatment of the hyperthyroidism may be useful for avoiding unnecessary surgical procedure.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Rapid and simple detection of hot spot point mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor, BRAF, and NRAS in cancers using the loop-hybrid mobility shift assay.

A simple and rapid method to detect the epidermal growth factor receptor hot spot mutation L858R in lung adenocarcinoma was developed based on principles similar to the universal heteroduplex generator technology. A single-stranded oligonucleotide with an internal deletion was used to generate heteroduplexes (loop-hybrids) bearing a loop in the complementary strand derived from the polymerase chain reaction product of the normal or mutant allele. By placing deletion in the oligonucleotide adjacent to the mutational site, difference in electrophoretic mobility between loop-hybrids with normal and mutated DNA was distinguishable in a native polyacrylamide gel. The method was also modified to detect in-frame deletion mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor in lung adenocarcinomas. In addition, the method was adapted to detect hot spot mutations in the B-type Raf kinase (BRAF) at V600 and in a Ras-oncogene (NRAS) at Q61, the mutations commonly found in thyroid carcinomas. Our mutation detection system, designated the loop-hybrid mobility shift assay was sensitive enough to detect mutant DNA comprising 7.5% of the total DNA. As a simple and straightforward mutation detection technique, loop-hybrid mobility shift assay may be useful for the molecular diagnosis of certain types of clinical cancers. Other applications are also discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2006

Genome-wide cDNA microarray screening of genes related to survival in patients after curative resection of non-small cell lung cancer.

We conducted a study to determine whether the expression levels of genes in tumors were correlated with the survival of patients after complete resection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression levels of 1176 genes in resected tumor specimens from 28 patients were analyzed using the Atlastrade mark Human Cancer 1.2 Array. The pathological stages of the resected tumors were I, II and III in 14, 5 and 9 patients, respectively. We compared the differences of gene expression between patients who survived (n=12) and those who died (n=16). The expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 8, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, interferon regulatory factor 3 and tubulin were significantly higher in the tumors of surviving patients with stage I lung cancer (p<0.01). The expression levels of 12 genes, including the interferon- stimulated genes, were significantly higher in surviving patients with stage II or III lung cancer (p<0.01). Stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed that 4 and 12 genes in stage I and stage II/III cancers, respectively, were independent prognostic factors (p<0.01). In conclusion, these survival-related genes are considered to be possible targets of adjuvant therapy after surgical resection of NSCLC.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Genomewide cDNA microarray screening of genes related to benefits and toxicities of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced lung cancer.

The authors conducted a study using cDNA microarray analysis to determine whether expression levels of genes in tumors were correlated with the outcome of chemotherapy. Forty-seven patients were studied, and all except 3 received platinum-based chemotherapy. The expression levels of 1176 genes in transbronchial biopsy specimens of tumors that were obtained before chemotherapy were analyzed using the Atlas Human Cancer 1.2 Array. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that 3 genes were each independent factors related to tumor resistance to chemotherapy and patient survival (P < 0.01). Among various chemotherapy-related toxicities, 1, 3, 3, 1, and 1 genes were also revealed to be independent factors that were correlated with neutropenia, anemia, diarrhea, infection, and increased serum creatinine respectively (P < 0.01). It is concluded that not only the benefits but also the toxicities of chemotherapy can be predicted by cDNA microarray using tumor specimens obtained before chemotherapy.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Primary testicular leiomyosarcoma.

We report a case of primary testicular leiomyosarcoma. A 76-year-old man, who complained of left scrotal swelling for 6 months, underwent radical orchiectomy. Microscopic examination revealed intratesticular leiomyosarcoma. The patient received no adjuvant therapy and at 12 months after surgery, there had been no recurrence. Primary leiomyosarcoma of the testis is extremely rare; this is the 9th case recorded worldwide.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Glucose transporter-1 expression in the thyroid gland: clinicopathological significance for papillary carcinoma.

Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) expression was immunohistochemically analysed in a total of 268 cases of thyroid gland disease, including 129 cases of papillary carcinoma (PC), 60 cases of follicular carcinoma (FC), 57 cases of follicular adenoma, and 22 cases of adenomatous goitre. Seventy-one percent (91/129) of PC cases showed GLUT-1 expression, semi-quantitatively evaluated as: +, 21 cases (16%); 2+, 37 cases (29%); 3+, 33 cases (26%); and negative, 38 cases (29%). These positive cases were divided into two groups: 'membrane-like' pattern in 24 cases (19%), and 'cytoplasm-predominance' pattern in 67 cases (52%). GLUT-1 expression was observed in 5% (3/60) of FC cases, but all follicular adenomas and adenomatous goitres were negative for GLUT-1 (PC vs. FC, p<0.0001). Membrane-like expression was observed more frequently in non-organ-confined PCs (pT4) than in organ-confined PCs (pT1, 2, and 3) (p=0.0056). Seventy-five percent (18/24) of PC cases showing membrane-like expression were non-organ-confined. The membrane-like pattern was observed more frequently in PCs with lymph node (LN) metastasis compared to those without (p=0.0036). Ninety-two percent (22/24) of PC cases showing the membrane-like pattern were not organ-confined. Semi-quantitative analysis of glut-1 mRNA by RT-PCR showed a tendency toward higher expression in PCs compared to FCs, follicular adenomas and adenomatous goitres, and the mRNA expression in PCs with a membrane-like pattern was higher than those showing cytoplasm-predominance. We concluded that: 1) GLUT-1 is immunohistochemically useful in distinguishing PC from FC and benign diseases; 2) GLUT-1 may play an important role in the advancement of PC and LN metastasis, and its membrane-like expression is of more clinical significance than the cytoplasm-predominance pattern; and 3) glut-1 mRNA expression corresponds with the immunohistochemical expression profile.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗

PubMed2005

Re-do mitral valve replacement using the valve-on-valve technique: a case report.

We report a repeated mitral valve replacement (re-do MVR) using the valve-on-valve technique for a degenerated bioprosthesis. A 49-year-old female, who had had a 29 mm Carpentier-Edwards mitral bioprosthesis for mitral regurgitation 20 years previously, was referred to our institution for dyspnea. She presented with pulmonary edema secondary to severe mitral bioprosthetic valve regurgitation. We replaced the degenerated mitral bioprosthesis with a 25 mm mechanical prosthesis using the valve-on-valve technique, as the struts of the bioprosthesis were embedded in the left ventricular myocardium. Removal of the bioprosthesis may be not only time-consuming but also complicated by cardiac rupture at the atrioventricular junction or the posterior left ventricular wall. The valve-on-valve technique is a simplified procedure that can avoid the potential complications of complete excision of the bioprosthesis. We believe this technique can be a useful strategy for patients with a degenerated mitral bioprosthesis.

Bioprosthesis↗

PubMed2005

Expression of SPARC in tongue carcinoma of stage II is associated with poor prognosis: an immunohistochemical study of 86 cases.

SPARC (secretory protein acidic and rich in cysteine), also known as osteonectin or BM-40, associates with progression in various kinds of tumors. We have examined whether SPARC expression can be a prognostic marker for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HN-SCC). We examined immunolocalization of SPARC in 86 clinical specimens of tongue carcinoma. Although there was no correlation between SPARC positivity in the tumor cells and tumor stages, the 5-year overall survival rate was significantly lower in the SPARC positive cases (28.6%) than in the SPARC negative cases (91.7%), confined to stage II patients (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon test). Additionally, in stage II cases (n = 3), frequency of the postoperative metastasis was significantly higher in SPARC positive cases (5/8, 62.5%) than in the negative cases (1/15, 6.7%) (p < 0.01, chi2 test). Together with these results, SPARC can be a beneficial prognostic marker for the stage II tongue carcinoma, of which clinical outcomes are sometimes difficult to predict.

Female↗

PubMed2004

Clinical diagnosis of metastatic gastric tumors: clinicopathologic findings and prognosis of nine patients in a single cancer center.

The clinical features of metastatic gastric tumors (MGTs) have not been well documented. We present a clinical series of nine patients with MGTs. Among 2579 patients with gastric tumors seen between 1992 and 2001, we studied 9 (0.3%) patients with MGT according to a prospective database. The MGTs were diagnosed based on findings in the surgical or endoscopic specimen, and patients with malignant lymphoma or direct invasion from adjacent organs were excluded from the study. MGTs were detected simultaneously with the primary tumors in three and afterward in six patients at 14 to 74 months. The primary tumors included one each of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, signet-ring cell carcinoma of the breast, large-cell or small-cell carcinoma of the lung, renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous cell or epidermoid carcinoma of the uterus, and melanoma. Multiple organ metastases were present simultaneously in six patients. Although six patients underwent gastrectomy, macroscopic eradication of gastric metastatic disease was accomplished in only four, in whom a UICC R0 resection was possible in only two. Five patients were treated by chemotherapy with no apparent survival benefit. A median survival after MGT diagnosis was 170 days (range 16-892 days) for all cases, 384 days for those who underwent gastrectomy (n = 6), and 27 days for those without active treatment (n = 3) (p = 0.002). The cause of death was multiple organ metastases in most cases. Because multiple metastases are common, the prognosis of MGT is poor even after curative resection. MGT is likely to be a preterminal event, and surgical resection may be useful only for palliation.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Aortopulmonary fistula due to perforation of the aortic wall of a freestyle stentless valve.

Aortopulmonary fistula occurring as a result of a rupture of the aortic wall of a stentless valve has not been previously reported. A 71-year-old woman suffered aortopulmonary fistula 15 months after replacement of the aortic root with a Freestyle stentless valve (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, MN) and Dacron graft extension to replace the aortic valve and the ascending aorta to the aortic arch. We describe the successful repair of the fistula and simultaneous mitral valve replacement. The cause of deterioration of the aortic wall of the stentless valve, which gradually developed and ruptured, may have been primarily structural injury at the previous operation, with additional insult from the surgical adhesive used.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

High expression of integrin beta1 and p53 is a greater poor prognostic factor than clinical stage in small-cell lung cancer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association between expression of integrin beta1 and p53 and survival in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). One hundred four patients with SCLC who had received an initial course of a full-dose of combination chemotherapy between February 1989 and July 1999 were entered in the study. Transbronchial biopsy specimens of tumors obtained before chemotherapy were subjected to immunostaining for integrin beta1 and p53. Twenty-eight and 58 patients could not be evaluated for integrin beta1 and p53 immunostaining, respectively, because the tissue samples had been crushed during the biopsy. Fifty-four patients had tumors with less than or equal to 25% integrin beta1-positive cells and 22 patients had tumors with more than 25% integrin beta1-positive cells, whereas 19 and 27 patients had tumors with less than or equal to 50% and more than 50% p53-positive cells, respectively. By comparison, the overall survival of patients with high expression of integrin beta1 and p53 were significantly worse than those of individuals whose tumors had low expression (log-rank test, p = 0.046 and p = 0.0067, respectively). Moreover, the overall survival of patients with high expression of either integrin beta1 or p53 (n = 42) was significantly worse than that of other patients without high expression of integrin beta1 and p53 (n = 38; log-rank test, p = 0.0003; Wilcoxon test, p = 0.0026). The association between survival and prognostic factors, including gender, age, performance status, clinical stage, and integrin beta1/p53 expression was examined by the Cox proportional hazards model; only integrin beta1/p53 expression was found to be a significant independent factor (hazard ratio = 0.394, p = 0.0005). In conclusion, the high expression of integrin beta1 and p53 in tumor cells is a greater poor prognostic factor than clinical stage in patients with SCLC.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Prognostic impact of survivin, cyclin D1, integrin beta1, and VEGF in patients with small adenocarcinoma of stage I lung cancer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of survivin, cyclin D1, integrin beta1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor on survival of patients with small adenocarcinoma of the lung. Seventy-two patients with pathologic stage I resected tumors <2 cm in diameter were entered into the study. Each patient underwent curative surgical resection for lung cancer between July 1992 and November 1999. The resected tumors were subjected to immunostaining for each gene. Thirty-five, 26, 6, and 16 patients had tumors with >10% survivin-, >20% cyclin D1-, >10% integrin beta1-, and >10% VEGF-positive cells, respectively. When the survival of 72 patients was compared according to each gene expression, the overall survival of patients with positive expression of survivin, cyclin D1, and integrin [beta]1 was significantly worse than that of individuals whose tumors had negative expression of each gene. By multivariate analysis controlling for each gene expression, no gene expression was an independent marker of poor prognosis, however, the overall survival of the complex gene expression (2 or more gene-positive) group (n = 35) was significantly worse than that of 0 or 1 gene-positive group (n = 37; log-rank test, P = 0.0011; Wilcoxon test, P = 0.0011). When the association between survival and pathologic factors, including lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, type of bronchioalveolar carcinoma, and complex gene positive expression was analyzed, only complex gene-positive expression was found to be a significant independent factor (hazard ratio = 0.085, P = 0.0299). It can be concluded that multiple increased expression of oncogene is a poor prognostic factor in patients with small adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2004

Genome-wide cDNA microarray screening to correlate gene expression profile with survival in patients with advanced lung cancer.

We conducted a study using cDNA microarray analysis to determine whether expression levels of genes in tumors were correlated with survival after chemotherapy. Between September 2000 and December 2001, 47 patients were registered in the study. Eighteen patients had small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and the others had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). All patients except three received platinum-based chemotherapy. Transbroncheal biopsy specimens of tumors were obtained before chemotherapy. The expression levels of 1176 genes in tumor specimens were analyzed using the Atlas Human Cancer 1.2 Array. The expression levels of three genes, G1/S-specific cyclin, type II cGMP-dependent protein kinase and hepatocyte growth factor-like protein, were significantly correlated with survival (p<0.01). Ten of the 47 patients who showed an elevated expression level of one or more of the three genes had a significantly increased chance of survival (p=0.0056). In conclusion, some survival-related genes were detected in the tumor tissue of lung cancer patients using cDNA microarray analysis. A prospective study is required to confirm whether expression levels of these genes can be used for prognosis.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗

PubMed2004

Genomic-wide cDNA microarray screening to correlate gene expression profile with chemoresistance in patients with advanced lung cancer.

We conducted a study using cDNA microarray analysis to determine whether expression levels of genes in tumors were correlated with tumor response to chemotherapy. Between September 2000 and December 2001, 47 patients were registered in the study. Eighteen patients had small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and others had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). All patients except three received platinum-based chemotherapy. Sixteen of the 18 patients with SCLC (89%) and 13 of the 29 patients with NSCLC (45%) responded to chemotherapy, respectively. Transbroncheal biopsy specimens of tumors were obtained before chemotherapy. The expression levels of 1176 genes in tumor specimens were analyzed using the Atlas Human Cancer 1.2 Array. When we analyzed the data for correlations between gene expression levels and tumor response to chemotherapy, there was a significant increase in the expression of nine genes in non-responders compared with responders to chemotherapy (p< 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that allogenic inflammatory factor, HLA-DR antigen associated invariant subunit and MHC class II HLA-DR-beta precursor were independent chemo-resistant factors (p<0.0001). When we analyzed the differences in gene expression levels between patients with SCLC and NSCLC, expression levels of one or more resistant genes were increased in comparison with the mean expression of control house keeping genes in five of 18 SCLC patients and 19 of 29 NSCLC patients, respectively (p=0.012). In conclusion, some chemo-resistant genes were detected in the tumor tissue of lung cancer patients using cDNA microarray analysis. A prospective study is required to confirm whether expression levels of these genes reflect chemosensitivity.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Serum alanine aminotransferase levels and survival after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus-associated liver cirrhosis.

We examined whether sustained alleviation of inflammation as monitored by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was associated with longer survival in hepatectomized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with hepatitis C virus-associated liver cirrhosis (HCV-LC). Thirty-four hepatectomized patients with HCV-LC and HCC as a single nodule, and for whom more than 5 years had elapsed after the hepatectomy, were studied. They had no histologic evidence of portal or hepatic vein invasion. They were subdivided into two groups according to their serum ALT levels in the 2 years after hepatectomy: the low ALT group comprised 13 patients whose serum ALT levels showed a sustained low level below 80 IU, and the high ALT group comprised 21 patients whose serum ALT levels showed several peaks or plateaus above 80 IU. The patients had been followed-up prospectively with frequent ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography for recurrence for > 5 years. The survival period, non-recurrence interval and number of recurrences were observed. Recurrences were treated with transcatheter chemoembolization in all cases. The cumulative survival rate in the low ALT group was significantly better than that in the high ALT group (P < 0.05). The 5-year survival in the low ALT group was as high as 92.3% (12 of 13) compared with 33.3% (7 of 21) in the high ALT group (P < 0.05). The cumulative non-recurrence rate in the low ALT group was also significantly better than that in the high ALT group (P < 0.01). The survival period correlated well with the interval until the first recurrence (r = 0.545, P = 0.006). There was a tendency for the number of recurrences in the low ALT group (1.5 +/- 0.4, mean +/- SE) to be fewer than that in the high ALT group (2.2 +/- 0.4), although this was not significant. Sustained alleviation of inflammation, as indicated by low ALT levels, provides a survival advantage mainly due to the longer non-recurrence interval, and possibly because of fewer recurrences, in hepatectomized HCC patients with HCV-LC.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Radiologic-prognostic correlation in patients with small pulmonary adenocarcinomas.

We retrospectively studied the correlation between high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings and both pathologic findings and prognosis in 137 patients with small pulmonary adenocarcinomas (tumor diameter 20 mm or less). We then evaluated the usefulness of our classification on HRCT findings for predicting outcome and formulating a therapeutic strategy. Tumors were classified according to attenuation of on HRCT images as the 'air-containing type' or the 'solid-density type'. The air-containing type adenocarcinomas (n = 66) revealed no lymphnode involvement detected surgically or pathologically, and revealed minimal microscopic evidence of metastasis (pleural involvement, vascular invasion, or lymphatic permeation). Furthermore, the relapse-free and overall survival curves of the air-containing types revealed no relapses or deaths. Patients with solid-density type adenocarcinomas (n = 71), on the other hand, demonstrated a poor prognosis. Consequently, it seems likely that air-containing adenocarcinomas 20 mm or less in diameter on HRCT may be treated successfully by limited lung resection.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2002

Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA is up-regulated in cirrhotic or chronic hepatitis liver adjacent to hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unique in that its carcinogenesis is related to inflammatory changes and regenerative activities in the background liver. Although there are some data on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in HCC by immunohistochemical studies, little is known about the possible role of COX-2 in inducing hepatitis and/or carcinoma. To elucidate whether COX-2 is involved in a part of these processes, we attempted to examine COX-2 mRNA both in the adjacent non-tumoral liver and in HCC. METHODS: Twenty-two matched sets of adjacent liver and HCC specimens were analyzed for COX-2 mRNA expression using a real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression was also determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the adjacent liver than in HCC (P = 0.016). Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in adjacent liver tissues was positively correlated with the modified histological activity index scores (r = 0.575, P = 0.006), the serum alanine aminotransferase levels (r = 0.536, P = 0.010), and the Ki-67 labeling indices (r = 0.698, P = 0.001). In contrast, COX-2 mRNA expression in HCC was not correlated with any of the clinicopathological features. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclooxygenase-2 is expressed at higher levels in the adjacent liver than in HCC, and it may be associated with high levels of necroinflammation and regeneration in the background liver. Conversely, COX-2 may have a lesser role in the progression of HCC.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Advanced gastric carcinoma successfully treated with TS-1 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

We report a patient with advanced gastric carcinoma successfully treated with the novel oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug TS-1 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The patient was a 76-year-old man who had gastric cancer clinically diagnosed as N2T4, invading the pancreas, the duodenum, and the transverse colon. He was treated as an outpatient with TS-1, 120 mg, administered orally every day for 28 days, followed by 14 days' rest, as one course. Two courses resulted in a marked reduction of the tumor without severe toxicity. Subsequently, the patient underwent curative surgery consisting of distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. No surgical complications were observed. On microscopic examination, a few tumor cells were detected in the ulcer scar of the resected stomach and in the regional lymph nodes. Our report is the first to demonstrate the advantages of TS-1 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma.

Journal Article↗