Total synthesis of IKD-8344.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
Yong Wook Kim
Publications and source records attributed to Yong Wook Kim.
Diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging in children with language impairment.
We evaluated the integrity of the white matter tract using diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging in children with language impairments who exhibited a structurally normal brain on conventional magnetic resonance imaging, and compared it with age-matched normal children. After generating fractional anisotropy and color-coded vector maps, fractional anisotropy values of the major white matter tracts were measured in six locations and compared between the two groups. Compared with the normal control group, the fractional anisotropy values of children with language impairments showed a statistically significant reduction in the genu of the corpus callosum, which is rarely revealed on conventional magnetic resonance images. Our results suggest that delayed maturation of the white matter plays a partial role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of language impairments.
Anisotropy↗
Neurologic recovery according to early magnetic resonance imaging findings in traumatic cervical spinal cord injuries.
The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of early magnetic resonance imaging findings in predicting neurologic recovery at or below the injured level in traumatic cervical spinal cord injuries. Thirty patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injuries were included. All of the patients received a magnetic resonance imaging and a neurologic examination in the emergency room, within 7 days of injury and at 6 months following the injury. To quantify neurologic recovery below the injured level, we modified clinical scales, particularly the motor ratio and the sensory ratio. We used the neurologic level to quantify recovery around the injured level. We assessed neurologic recovery according to MRI patterns and lesion extents. The pure hemorrhagic MRI pattern was not observed. In edematous and mixed types, the improvement of neurologic levels was not significantly different. The motor ratio and sensory ratio improved significantly more in edematous type patients than in mixed type patients. Based on MRI lesion extent, the improvement of neurologic levels was not significantly different, and motor ratio and sensory ratio improved significantly more in those with one or two segments involved than in those with more than two segments involved. In conclusion, early MRI pattern and lesion extent after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury may provide important information to help predict neurologic recovery, especially below the injured level.
Adult↗
New approaches to pathogenic gene function discovery with human squamous cell cervical carcinoma by gene ontology.
PURPOSE: This study utilized mRNA differential display and the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis to characterize the multiple interactions of a number of genes with gene expression profile involved in squamous cell cervical carcinoma. METHODS: mRNA differential displays were used to identify potential transcripts that were differentially expressed between cervix cancers of 13 patients (invasive cancer stages Ib-IIb) and universal reference RNAs comprised of 17 different normal cervixes. Aberrant bands were excised and used to make cDNA, which was sequenced. DNA sequences were compared to other nucleic acids in the NCBR database for homology. Transcript expression was verified in select samples using RT-PCR and North blotting. The specific functions were correlated with gene expression patterns via gene ontology. RESULTS: Fifty-eight genes were up- or down-regulated above 2-fold and organized into reciprocally dependent sub-function sets depending on the cervical cancer pathway. The GO analysis showed that squamous cell cervical carcinogenesis underwent complete up-regulation of cell cycle, transport, epidermal differentiation, protein biosynthesis, and RNA metabolism. Also, genes belonging to protein metabolism and catabolism activity were significantly up-regulated. In contrast, significant down-regulation was shown in muscle development, cell adhesion, and damaged DNA binding activity. CONCLUSION: The GO analysis can overcome the complexity of the gene expression profile of the squamous cell cervical carcinoma-associated pathway and identify several cancer-specific cellular processes as well as genes of unknown function. Also, GO analysis can serve as a powerful basis for a molecular classification of carcinogenesis.
Apoptosis↗
Decreased fractional anisotropy of middle cerebellar peduncle in crossed cerebellar diaschisis: diffusion-tensor imaging-positron-emission tomography correlation study.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of diffusion tensor MR imaging (DTI) for the assessment of chronic stroke with crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD). METHODS: Twenty-two patients (15 men and 7 women; mean age, 60 years) with chronic stroke (13 ischemic and 9 hemorrhagic) were evaluated by diffusion-tensor MR imaging (DTI) and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron-emission tomography (PET). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and color-coded vector maps were generated. To evaluate afferent fiber systems to the cerebellum, the FA of the bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) was measured. Changes of FA values in the MCP were compared against PET results. RESULTS: In patients with a chronic infarct involving more than one-third of the unilateral hemisphere, MCP of the contralesional side showed an FA value of 0.5226 +/- 0.0174, which was significantly lower than that of the ipsilesional side MCP (0.5366 +/- 0.0159) (one-tail paired t test, P = .0009). On FDG-PET scan, decreased glucose metabolism was observed in the affected cerebellum in 19 patients (86.4%). CONCLUSION: DTI can visualize an altered corticocerebellar circuit in the case of chronic stroke with CCD, which is hardly demonstrated by conventional MR images.
Adolescent↗
BioSilico: an integrated metabolic database system.
BioSilico is a web-based database system that facilitates the search and analysis of metabolic pathways. Heterogeneous metabolic databases including LIGAND, ENZYME, EcoCyc and MetaCyc are integrated in a systematic way, thereby allowing users to efficiently retrieve the relevant information on enzymes, biochemical compounds and reactions. In addition, it provides well-designed view pages for more detailed summary information. BioSilico is developed as an extensible system with a robust systematic architecture.
Database Management Systems↗
Comparison of effects of As2O3 and As4O6 on cell growth inhibition and gene expression profiles by cDNA microarray analysis in SiHa cells.
An arsenical compound, As2O3 has been reported to be effective for treating acute leukemia and induce apoptosis in many different tumor cell types. In this study we designed a novel arsenical compound, As4O6, and compared its ability to induce cell growth inhibition as well as gene expression profiles along with As2O3 in HPV16 infected SiHa cervical cancer cells. Both As2O3 and As4O6 induced apoptosis in SiHa cells, as determined by a DNA ladder formation. As4O6 was more effective in suppressing the growth of SiHa cells in vitro, as compared to As2O3. To further compare gene expression profiles between these two drugs, we used a 384 cDNA microarray system. The gene expression profiles were also classified into the Gene Ontology (GO) to investigate apoptosis-related cellular processes. In the case of As2O3, 41 genes were up- or down-regulated at least 2-fold, as compared to non-treatment, whereas, 65 genes were up- or down-regulated by As4O6 treatment. In particular, 27 genes were commonly regulated by both arsenic compounds. The GO analysis also indicated that down-regulation of cell-regulatory functions, such as cell cycle, protein kinase activity and DNA repair, induces an anti-tumor effect. Taken together, these data support that As4O6 could be more effective than As2O3 in inhibiting the growth of HPV16 infected cervical cancer cells. This appears to be mediated through a unique but overlapping regulatory mechanism(s), suggesting that the regulated genes and cellular processes could be used for a new potential drug approach for treating cervical cancer in clinical settings.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
Identification and differential expression of novel human cervical cancer oncogene HCCR-2 in human cancers and its involvement in p53 stabilization.
Basic studies of oncogenesis have demonstrated that either the elevated production of particular oncogene proteins or the occurrence of qualitative abnormalities in oncogenes can contribute to neoplastic cellular transformation. The purpose of this study was to identify unique oncogenes that are differentially expressed in human cancers and characterize their functions in tumorigenesis. To discover new putative oncogenes, the differential display RT-PCR method was applied using normal cervical tissues, cervical cancer cell lines, cervical cancer tissues, and metastatic tissues. We identified a new human cervical cancer oncogene HCCR-2 that was overexpressed in various human tumors including leukemia, lymphoma, and carcinomas of the breast, kidney, ovary, stomach, colon, and uterine cervix. Ectopic expression of HCCR-2 resulted in direct tumorigenic conversions of NIH/3T3 and Rat1 fibroblasts. Nude mice injected with NIH/3T3 cells stably transfected with HCCR-2 formed tumors in 4 weeks. The resultant tumors display characteristics of an epithelial carcinoma. In HCCR-2 transfected NCI-H460 cells and RKO cells, stabilization of the p53 tumor suppressor occurred without genetic mutation and correlated with functional impairment, as indicated by the defective induction of p53-induced p21(WAF1), MDM2, and bax. These results indicate that HCCR-2 probably represents a new oncogene that is related to tumorigenesis, functioning as a negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor.
3T3 Cells↗