Biomedical subjects

Yoshie Ochiai

Publications and source records attributed to Yoshie Ochiai.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Bilateral axillary arterial perfusion in surgery on thoracic aorta.

Bilateral axillary arterial cannulation for selective cerebral perfusion might minimize cerebral embolic complications during surgery on the ascending aorta and aortic arch. From March 2002 through February 2004, bilateral axillary arterial perfusion was applied in 12 consecutive patients (mean age, 61.3 years). Operative procedures were total arch replacement in 8 patients, hemiarch replacement in 1, and ascending aorta replacement in 3. Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion was established through vascular grafts anastomosed to the bilateral axillary arteries and a perfusion catheter placed directly into the left carotid artery. Bilateral axillary arterial perfusion through the grafts was successful in all patients. There were no early or late deaths and no incidence of neurologic deficit. There were no complications related to cannulation of the axillary arteries. Bleeding, temporary renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and graft infection occurred in one patient each; all recovered from these complications. Bilateral axillary arterial perfusion is feasible and effective for brain protection during surgery on the ascending aorta and aortic arch.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Impact of atrial septal defect closure on right ventricular performance.

BACKGROUND: Atrial septal defect (ASD) closure is one of the most representative cardiac operations, but there have been few assessments of right ventricular (RV) performance during the perioperative period. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using transesophageal echocardiography with automated border detection system, the RV pressure - area (P-A) loops were measured in 6 patients immediately before and after an ASD closure. Multiple RV P-A loops obtained by the inferior vena cava occlusion technique were used to evaluate end-systolic maximal elastance (Ees), preload recruitable stroke work (MEW), external work (EW) and the systolic P-A area (PAA). Ees and MEW are indices of contractility, and PAA represents the total mechanical energy. RV Ees and MEW did not change after the operation (from 3.36 +/- 2.20 to 3.70 +/- 2.04 mmHg/cm2, p = 0.4; and from 10.3 +/- 5.0 to 10.5 +/- 4.5 mmHg, p = 0.8, respectively), whereas EW and PAA were significantly reduced (from 121.4 +/- 77.4 to 48.7 +/- 26.6 mmHg/cm2, p < 0.05; and from 274.8 +/- 212.8 to 92.7 +/- 52.8 mmHg/cm2, p < 0.05, respectively). ASD closure reduced the EW and total mechanical energy of the right ventricle without influencing contractility. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that ASD closure preserved RV function and reduced RV myocardial oxygen consumption. Assessment of the RV P-A relationship in the operating room demonstrates the beneficial effects of ASD closure on RV performance.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Myocardial compliance was not altered after acute induction of atrial fibrillation in sheep.

BACKGROUND: Although left ventricular (LV) contractility in atrial fibrillation (Af) is known to change in a beat-to-beat fashion, little is known about the changes in LV compliance in Af. MATERIAL/METHODS: We experimentally induced tachycardic Af (average heart rate - 154 beats per minute) in 18 sheep. LV volume and pressure were simultaneously monitored using a conductance catheter. LV end-diastolic volume (V(ED)) and pressure (P(ED)) were plotted in a beat-to-beat fashion and fitted to the following exponential equation (P(ED)=gamma x e(b x V(ED))) in each animal. A random effects model was constructed to determine if the intercepts and slopes differ. RESULTS: In all animals, those plots after the induction of Af fit quite well to the exponential function (r=0.834+/-0.184) by gating short preceding interval (RR1) beats. By simply taking the natural logarithm of both sides in the equation, the linear relationship (ln(P(ED)) =alpha+ betaxV(ED), where a = lng) was observed in all animals before (normal sinus rhythm, NSR) and after the induction of Af. Only two of 18 intercepts and four of 18 slopes deviate between NSR and Af. Most interestingly, the random effects model clearly detailed that the average animal had intercepts and slopes that were not discernibly different between NSR and Af. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike LV contractility, myocardial compliance did not change after the acute induction of Af. These interesting results may give us insights into the understanding of the physiology in acute rapid Af.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

A 10-year experience with the Carbomedics cardiac prosthesis.

BACKGROUND: There are few reports on the long-term results of Carbomedics prosthetic heart valves. METHODS: Five hundred five patients who underwent valve replacement with this prosthesis in the aortic or mitral position were chosen for this study. Patients' mean age was 57 years. There were 173 aortic (AVR), 253 mitral (MVR), and 79 double (DVR) valve implants. The mean follow-up was 5.1 years, and cumulative follow-up was 2,590 patient-years with an overall follow-up rate of 99.2%. RESULTS: The early mortality rate for the total population was 2.8% (AVR 1.2%, MVR 3.6%, DVR 3.8%). Actuarial freedom from thromboembolism at 10 years was 81.8% +/- 5.1%, 85.7% +/- 3.2%, and 88.8% +/- 6.8% for AVR, MVR, and DVR, respectively. At 10 years, 92.7% of AVR, 85.4% of MVR, and 94.7% of DVR patients were free of valve-related death. Overall survival rate at 10 years was 77.6% +/- 4.6%, 71.8% +/- 4.2%, and 81.3% +/- 5.8% for AVR, MVR, and DVR, respectively. The linearized rate of thromboembolism was 1.45%/patient-year, 1.78%/patient-year, 0.67%/patient-year; of major bleeding events, 0.52%/patient-year, 0.85%/patient-year, 0.45%/patient-year; of valve thrombosis, 0%/patient-year, 0.25%/patient-year, 0%/patient-year; of prosthetic valve endocarditis, 0.1%/patient-year, 0.25%/patient-year, 0.22%/patient-year; and of all reoperations, 0.31%/patient-year, 0.93%/patient-year, 1.1%/patient-year for AVR, MVR, and DVR, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Carbomedics prosthetic heart valves showed comparable or even better results than those of other mechanical valves with respect to morbidity and mortality. These results may justify the use of Carbomedics valves as one of the mechanical heart valves.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Long-term effectiveness of total arch replacement for type A aortic dissection.

BACKGROUND: With recent improvements in cerebral protection during aortic arch repair, total aortic arch replacement has become an accepted surgical method for acute type A aortic dissection involving the aortic arch. Our surgical strategy is to perform total arch replacement with a branched graft using antegrade selective cerebral perfusion for the patients with type A aortic dissection involving the aortic arch. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy on late outcome. METHODS: From October 1988 to April 2003, 46 patients underwent total arch replacement for acute type A dissection involving the aortic arch. Operations were performed with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, antegrade selective cerebral perfusion during the arch repair, and open distal anastomosis. RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 6.5% (3 patients), and permanent neurologic dysfunction was observed in 1 patient. During the follow-up period (mean, 5.4 years; range, 13 months to 15.6 years), 2 patients died, but the causes were not related to the aorta or aortic valve. Survival rates at 5 and 10 years postoperatively were 89.6% +/- 5.2% and 82.7% +/- 8.2%, respectively. Of the 41 survivors, 3 patients underwent successful reoperation for the distal thoracic aorta. Freedom from reoperation was 93.6% +/- 4.6% and 88.7% +/- 6.5% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The residual false lumen in the thoracic aorta was frequently thrombosed (76.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Total arch replacement for acute type A dissection may decrease the risk of late complications related to the false lumen and lead to excellent long-term survival.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed2005

Giant flow reversal in pulmonary venous flow as a possible mechanism for asynchronous pacing-induced heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Mechanistic roles of the immediate increase in left atrial (LA) pressure in pacing-induced congestive heart failure have not been clearly understood. We evaluated the impact of asynchronous rapid ventricular pacing on LA hemodynamics in this model. METHODS: Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography and hemodynamic assessment were performed in 23 healthy mongrel dogs. Data were acquired before and 5 minutes after initiation of rapid right ventricular pacing (200/min). RESULTS: At 5 minutes after initiation of the pacing, giant pulmonary venous (PV) flow reversal (-76 cm/s) was observed in association with 1:1 ventriculoatrial conduction or complete atrioventricular dissociation. This giant PV flow reversal corresponded to an inappropriately timed atrial contraction, especially during systole. Cardiac output (3.21 vs 2.00 L/min, P < .001) was decreased corresponding to the decrease in the forward blood volumes as described by decrease in the Doppler left ventricular (LV) outflow (8.99 vs 4.73 cm, P < .0001), mitral inflow (6.89 vs 3.19 cm, P < .0001), and PV flow (14.15 vs 7.22 cm, P < .0001) velocity integrals. As a result, there was a marked elevation of the mean pulmonary capillary wedge (9.1 vs 17.1 mm Hg, P < .001) and LV end-diastolic (8.2 vs 17.4 mm Hg, P < .01) pressures leading to congestive heart failure. CONCLUSIONS: The giant PV flow reversal seen during asynchronous rapid right ventricular pacing corresponds to an inappropriate atrial contraction, immediately elevates LA pressure, and may initially promote congestive heart failure. The increase in LV end-diastolic pressure associated with decreased LV ejection fraction caused decrease in the LV filling volume leading to further increase in the LA pressure. This sustained marked elevation in the LA pressure and LV end-diastolic pressure could contribute to the heart failure process.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Preload-adjusted right ventricular maximal power: concept and validation.

Right ventricular (RV) maximal power (PWR(mx)) is dependent on preload. The objective of this study was to test our hypothesis that the PWR(mx) versus end-diastolic volume (EDV) relationship, analogous to the load-independent stroke work (SW) versus EDV relationship (preload-recruitable SW, PRSW), is linear, with the PWR x-axis intercept (V(0PWR)) corresponding to the PRSW intercept (V(0SW)). If our hypothesis is correct, the preload sensitivity of PWR(mx) could be eliminated by adjusting for EDV and V(0PWR). Ten dogs were instrumented with a pulmonary flow probe, micromanometers, and RV conductance catheter. Data were obtained during bicaval occlusions under various conditions and fitted to PWR(mx) = a.(EDV - V(0PWR))(beta), where a is the slope of the relationship. The PWR(mx) versus EDV relationship did not deviate from linearity (beta = 1.09, P = not significant vs. 1), and V(0PWR) correlated with V(0SW) (r = 0.93, P <0.0001). V(0PRW) was related to steady-state EDV and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, allowing for estimation of V(0PWR) (V(0Est)) and single-beat PWR(mx) preload adjustment. Dividing PWR(mx) by the difference of EDV and V(0PWR) (PAMP(V0PWR)) eliminated preload dependency down to 50% of the baseline EDV. PWR(mx) adjustment using V(0Est) (PAMP(V0Est)) showed similar preload independency. Enhancing contractility increased PAMP(V0PWR) and PAMP(V0Est) from 176 +/- 52 to 394 +/- 205 W/ml x 10(4) and 145 +/- 51 to 404 +/- 261 W/ml x 10(4), respectively, accompanied by an increase of PRSW from 13.0 +/- 4.5 to 29.7 +/- 16.4 mmHg (all P <0.01). PAMP(V0PWR) and PAMP(V0Est) correlated with PRSW (r = 0.85; r = 0.77; both P <0.001). Numerical modeling confirmed the accuracy of our experimental data. Thus preload adjustment of PWR(mx) should consider a linear PWR(mx) versus EDV relationship with distinct V(0PWR). PAMP(V0PWR) is a preload-independent estimate of RV contractility that may eventually be determined noninvasively.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Extended total arch replacement for type B aortic dissection with ascending aneurysm following healed aortic dissection.

We describe a case of type B aortic dissection with large ascending aortic aneurysm occurring 12.8 years after aortic root replacement (Cabrol procedure) in a non-Marfan patient with cystic medial necrosis of the aorta. We have successfully performed an extended total aortic arch replacement using a four-branched graft through the "L-incision" approach (a combination of a left anterior thoracotomy and upper half median sternotomy). Of note, a histological specimen from the aneurysmal ascending aortic wall revealed "healed aortic dissection" with fibrous tissue replacing the media and intima in addition to multiple foci of cystic medial necrosis.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Coronary artery bypass grafting with absent right superior vena cava in visceroatrial situs solitus.

We report on a 63-year-old man with an absence of right superior vena cava in visceroatrial situs solitus who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Preoperative echocardiography showed a dilated coronary sinus, and venography confirmed an absent right and a persistent left superior vena cava. Perioperatively, placement of a pulmonary artery catheter, site of venous cannulation, and management of associated rhythm abnormalities were of great concern. The assessment of the right superior vena cava is advisable in carrying out the surgical procedure without any difficulties related to this anomaly when the persistent left superior vena cava is suspected.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed2004

Echocardiographic assessment of regional ventricular function after device-based change of left ventricular shape.

We assessed the effects of implantation of Myosplint (Myocor, Maple Grove, Minn), a device that changes left ventricular (LV) cross-sectional shape from circular to bilobar, on regional LV function. A total of 10 open-chest dogs with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy were studied before and after Myosplint implantation. LV cross-sectional epicardial echocardiography at the papillary muscle level was performed along with acquisition of hemodynamic data. LV normalized thickening, fractional thickening, end-diastolic thickness, and end-diastolic curvatures were calculated for 10 LV segments. Myosplint implantation did not affect LV hemodynamics, but decreased average end-diastolic curvature (P <.0001) and increased its segmental heterogeneity (P <.0001). There was no change in average fractional thickening, whereas normalized thickening increased (P =.05). In contrast, segmental heterogeneity of both normalized and fractional thickening increased (P =.02 and P =.01, respectively). Structural modeling confirmed that Myosplint implantation increases regional stress heterogeneity and curvature heterogeneity. LV cross-sectional shape markedly affects regional LV performance.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Successful aortic valve replacement in severe pancytopenia related to myelodysplastic syndrome.

We report a 60-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) whose aortic valve was replaced successfully. He suffered from dyspnea on exertion and was confirmed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization to have severe aortic stenosis. A peripheral blood examination showed pancytopenia and a bone marrow examination showed MDS with a subtype of refractory anemia with excess blasts. His preoperative neutrophil count was 468/mm3, hemoglobin 9.8 g/dl, and platelet count 27,000/mm3. We conducted aortic valve replacement (AVR) using a bioprosthesis in July 2001. Pre- and postoperatively, we injected granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to keep the neutrophil count at 2,000/mm3 or more. We also transfused platelet concentrate and infused tranexamic acid. Despite potential risks of infection and bleeding, the AVR involved no significant complications. Careful preoperative planning thus plays an important role in managing such cases.

Aortic Valve↗

PubMed2003

Total aortic arch replacement through the L-incision approach.

BACKGROUND: Even though the median sternotomy is the standard approach for surgery involving the aortic arch, access to the site of distal anastomosis is problematic when the aortic pathology involves the distal arch. We recently developed an "L-incision" approach (a combination of a left anterior thoracotomy and upper half median sternotomy) for total arch replacement. METHODS: We reviewed our surgical technique and operative results for 11 patients who underwent total aortic arch replacement through the L-incision between July 1999 and July 2000. With a patient in a left anterolateral position, a left anterior thoracotomy was performed through the fourth to sixth intercostal space. An upper half median sternotomy followed. Operative exposure was enhanced with spring retractors. The proximal anastomosis (between the four branched graft and ascending aorta) was accomplished first. Upon completion of the proximal anastomosis, the heart was reperfused from one branch of the graft. The three arch vessels were subsequently reconstructed under deep hypothermia and retrograde cerebral perfusion. Antegrade cerebral perfusion was accomplished through the graft as the distal anastomosis (between the graft and descending thoracic aorta) was performed. RESULTS: No early operative deaths were observed. One patient sustained a permanent neurologic deficit. A transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy lasting 1 month occurred in 1 patient. No patient required reoperations for bleeding, nor did any patient develop a postoperative phrenic nerve palsy, aspiration pneumonia, or renal dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: The L-incision allows extensive replacement of the aortic arch and is associated with a low incidence of postoperative bleeding and respiratory insufficiency.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

A modified valve-on-valve approach for aortic root replacement.

We describe an alternative surgical technique for aortic root replacement in a patient whose aortic valve was previously replaced with a bioprosthesis. It consists of resecting the leaflets of the original bioprosthesis in situ, amputating the struts, and suturing the skirt of a composite graft on the preserved annulus of the original bioprosthesis. Coronary circulation is reconstructed according to the Cabrol modification. This approach simplifies and shortens the procedure of aortic root replacement, minimizing the potential hazard of hemorrhage from the proximal suture line in these cases.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

An evaluation of the use of new Doppler methods for detecting longitudinal function abnormalities in a pacing-induced heart failure model.

BACKGROUND: Doppler tissue echocardiography and color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity have proven useful in evaluating cross-sections of patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, but experience with serial changes is limited. PURPOSE AND METHODS: We tested their use by evaluating the temporal changes of LV function in a pacing-induced congestive heart failure model. Rapid ventricular pacing was initiated and maintained in 20 dogs for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and weekly during brief pacing cessation. RESULTS: With rapid pacing, LV volume significantly increased and ejection fraction (57%-28%), stroke volume (37-18 mL), and mitral annulus systolic velocity (16.1-6.6 cm/s) by Doppler tissue echocardiography significantly decreased, with ejection fraction and mitral annulus systolic velocity closely correlated (r = 0.706, P <.0001). In contrast to the mitral inflow velocities, mitral annulus early diastolic velocity decreased steadily (12.3-7.3 cm/s) resulting in a dramatic decrease in mitral annulus early/late (1.22-0.57) diastolic velocity with no tendency toward pseudonormalization. The color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity also showed significant steady decrease (57-24 cm/s) throughout the pacing period. Multiple regression analysis chose mitral annulus systolic velocity (r = 0.895, P <.0001) and propagation velocity (r = 0.782, P <.0001) for the most important factor predicting LV systolic and diastolic function, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Doppler tissue echocardiography and color M-mode Doppler flow could evaluate the serial deterioration in LV dysfunction throughout the pacing period. These were more useful in quantifying progressive LV dysfunction than conventional ehocardiographic techniques, and were probably relatively independent of preload. These techniques could be suitable for longitudinal evaluation in addition to the cross-sectional study.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Acute volume reduction with aortic valve replacement immediately improves ventricular mechanics in patients with aortic regurgitation.

OBJECTIVES: Few data have been available regarding the immediate response in ventricular mechanics to acute volume reduction caused by aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation. METHODS: We studied 9 patients in the operating room immediately before and after the institution of cardiopulmonary bypass. Left ventricular pressure and cross-sectional area (a surrogate of left ventricular volume) were measured with a catheter-tip manometer and a transesophageal echocardiographic system equipped with automated border-detection technology. Left ventricular pressure-area loops were constructed, and the caval occlusion method was used to obtain the slope of the end-systolic pressure-area relationship and the end-systolic area associated with 100 mm Hg. From the steady-state beats, stroke area was obtained by subtracting the minimum area from the maximum area. Effective arterial elastance, a measure of ventricular afterload, was calculated from end-systolic pressure, and stroke area as follows: effective arterial elastance equals end-systolic pressure divided by stroke area. RESULTS: Reductions in maximum area (21.0 +/- 8.5 to 16.0 +/- 6.8 cm(2) [SD])and minimum area (15.3 +/- 8.4 to 12.0 +/- 6.1 m(2)) shifted the baseline pressure-area loops to the left. The slope of the end-systolic pressure-area relationship (11.6 +/- 4.8 to 16.0 +/- 7.5 mm Hg/cm(2)) and afterload (effective arterial elastance, 17.9 +/- 11.6 to 26.3 +/- 16.4 mm Hg/cm(2)) were increased, and the end-systolic area associated with 100 mm Hg was reduced (18.3 +/- 10.0 to 13.7 +/- 5.8 cm(2)). CONCLUSION: Correction of volume overload reduced preload (minimum area), shifted the end-systolic pressure-area relationship to the left (decreased end-systolic area), and improved ventricular contractility (increased slope of the end-systolic pressure-area relationship). The result indicated that acute volume reduction favorably influenced ventricular mechanical parameters immediately after the operation.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Determinants of the development of mitral regurgitation in pacing-induced heart failure.

The pacing-induced heart failure model provides an opportunity to assess the structural and functional determinants of mitral regurgitation (MR) in dilated cardiomyopathy. This study aimed to evaluate MR to better understand the multitude of factors contributing to its development. Heart failure was induced by rapid ventricular pacing (230 beats/min) in 40 mongrel dogs. Left ventricular (LV) size and MR were evaluated echocardiographically. LV contractility was analyzed using a conductance catheter. MR increased to mild in 12 animals (regurgitant orifice area, 0.06+/-0.05 cm(2)), moderate in 15 (0.14+/-0.07 cm(2)), and severe in 13 (0.34+/-0.16 cm(2)). The grade of MR had an inverse relationships with E(max) (the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, p<0.01) and dE/dt (the slope of the maximum rate of change of pressure-end-diastolic volume [V(ED)] relationship, p<0.01) and positive relationships with V(ED) and end-diastolic cross-sectional areas and lengths (p<0.05) by univariate analysis. The dE/dt had an independently significant (p<0.01) relationship by multivariable logistic regression. Many factors influence the development of MR and because of its similarity to the clinical situation, this model can be used to investigate MR and heart failure, as well as new surgical therapies.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Predictors of severe right ventricular failure after implantable left ventricular assist device insertion: analysis of 245 patients.

BACKGROUND: Insertion of an implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) complicated by early right ventricular (RV) failure has a poor prognosis and is largely unpredictable. Prediction of RV failure after LVAD placement would lead to more precise patient selection and optimal device selection. METHODS AND RESULTS: We reviewed data from 245 patients (mean age, 54+/-11 years; 85% male) with 189 HeartMate (77%) and 56 Novacor (23%) LVADs. Ischemic cardiomyopathy predominated (65%), and 29% had dilated cardiomyopathy. Overall, RV assist device (RVAD) support was required after LVAD insertion for 23 patients (9%). We compared clinical and hemodynamic parameters before LVAD insertion between RVAD (n=23) and No-RVAD patients (n=222) to determine preoperative risk factors for severe RV failure. By univariate analysis, female gender, small body surface area, nonischemic etiology, preoperative mechanical ventilation, circulatory support before LVAD insertion, low mean and diastolic pulmonary artery pressures (PAPs), low RV stroke work (RVSW), and low RVSW index (RVSWI) were significantly associated with RVAD use. Elevated PAP and pulmonary vascular resistance were not risk factors. Risk factors by multivariable logistic regression were preoperative circulatory support (odds ratio [OR], 5.3), female gender (OR, 4.5), and nonischemic etiology (OR, 3.3). CONCLUSIONS: The need for circulatory support, female gender, and nonischemic etiology were the most significant predictors for RVAD use after LVAD insertion. Regarding hemodynamics, low PAP and low RVSWI, reflecting low RV contractility, were important parameters. This information may lead to better patient selection for isolated LVAD implantation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Chronic evaluation of the Cleveland Clinic CorAide left ventricular assist system in calves.

The Cleveland Clinic CorAide left ventricular assist system is based on a third-generation, implantable, centrifugal pump in which a rotating assembly is suspended fully. To evaluate chronic in vivo system performance and biocompatibility, the CorAide blood pump was implanted in 18 calves for either 1 month or 3 months. Hemodynamics were stable in all calves with a mean pump flow of 5.9 +/- 1.2 L/min and a mean systemic arterial pressure of 98 +/- 5 mm Hg. There were no incidences of bleeding, organ dysfunction, or mechanical failure in any of the 18 calves. Hemolysis occurred in only 1 calf due to outflow graft stenosis. Thrombus inside the pump, seen in 4 of the first 6 cases, was totally eliminated by a final redesign in the remaining cases, including the last 6 implants conducted without anticoagulation therapy. The CorAide blood pump demonstrated good biocompatibility and reliable, effective system performance.

Animals↗