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Biomedical subjects

Yoshiharu Kim

Publications and source records attributed to Yoshiharu Kim.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Estimation of premorbid IQ in individuals with Alzheimer's disease using Japanese ideographic script (Kanji) compound words: Japanese version of National Adult Reading Test.

The National Adult Reading Test (NART) is widely used as a measure of premorbid IQ of the English-speaking patients with dementia. The purpose of the present study was to develop a Japanese version of the NART (JART), using 50 Japanese irregular words, all of which are Kanji (ideographic script) compound words. Reading performance based on JART and IQ as measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) was examined in a sample of 100 normal elderly (NE) persons and in 70 age-, sex-, and education-matched patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The NE group was randomly divided into the NE calculation group (n=50) and the NE validation group (n=50). Using the NE calculation group, a linear regression equation was obtained in which the observed full-scale IQ (FSIQ) was regressed on the reading errors of the JART. When the regressed equation computed from the NE calculation group was applied to the NE validation group, the predicted FSIQ adequately fit the observed FSIQ (R2=0.78). Further, independent t-tests showed that the JART-predicted IQs were not significantly different between the NE and AD groups, whereas the AD group performed worse in the observed IQs. The reading ability of Kanji compound words is well-preserved in Japanese patients with AD. The JART is a valid scale for evaluating premorbid IQ in patients with AD.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Reliability and validity of the Japanese-language version of the impact of event scale-revised (IES-R-J): four studies of different traumatic events.

The authors developed the Japanese-language version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R-J) and investigated its reliability and validity in four different groups: workers with lifetime mixed traumatic events, survivors of an arsenic poisoning case, survivors of the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake, and survivors of the Tokyo Metro sarin attack. Evidence includes retest reliability and internal consistency of the IES-R-J. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and partial PTSD cases indicated significantly higher scores than non-PTSD cases. The IES-R-J can be a useful self-rating diagnostic instrument particularly for survivors with PTSD symptoms as a clinical concern (PTSD + partial PTSD) by using a 24/25 cutoff in total score. In analysis of scale structure, the majority of intrusion and hyperarousal items were subsumed under the same cluster, whereas avoidance items made up a separate cluster. Female patients indicated higher scores than male patients. A negative weak correlation between age and the score was found only among female earthquake survivors. The IES-R-J can be used as a validated instrument in future international comparative research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Current status of studies of schizophrenia after DSM-III].

The reinforcement of biological studies of schizophrenia by the DSM-III had been promoted by the general medicalization of psychiatry itself, following the successful introduction of antipsychotic drugs as well as the advance in brain research. The traditional view of schizophrenia has included since the time of Kraepelin till present the presumed biological basic diseases and specific psychological reaction. The DSM notion of schizophrenia presumes exclusively biological aspects in that it is based on a very simple unitary model, although the lack of sufficient validity has not been compensated by the advance in the biological studies that produced a number of related findings but not the marker of schizophrenia. The exclusion of the concept of psychosis makes it difficult to discuss the semantic isolation in which the patients of this disorder are often entrapped. The symptoms are regarded as indices of presumed biological diseases rather than a product of semantic interaction. The simple model of schizophrenia is easy to use in biological studies but too weak to give clinical significance to the various findings detected. It will be insightful to look into other modes of diagnosis such as Kleist-Leonhardt or French school as well as subtle basic disturbance in German school that are not mentioned in the current DSM system.

Humans↗