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Yoshiharu Maeda

Publications and source records attributed to Yoshiharu Maeda.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[The present state and future of home care for gastric cancer patients].

Recently, cancer treatment has been shift from inpatient chemotherapy to outpatient chemotherapy, because of various medical circumstances. In chemotherapy of gastric cancer, outpatient chemotherapy was not spread in the last decade, because the chemotherapy protocol of gastric cancer was not fit for outpatient chemotherapy. But the development of new drugs as TS-1 make outpatient chemotherapy more frequent. So home care of patients has been important for management of gastric cancer. Various symptoms due to obstruction at primary lesion or other lesion prevent patients from living at home in gastric cancer. But recently, technical development and spread of home parenteral nutrition make a possible home care of patients with gastric cancer. It is necessary to make a system that supports patient life at home.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer in elderly patients].

Careful consideration must be given to the efficacy of treatment for elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer. Thirty-two elderly patients, 75 years of age or older with gastric cancer, were treated in Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital,Department of Chemotherapy, between January, 1993 to December, 2002. We analyzed the data of these patients retrospectively. The male/female ratio was 13:3, and 90.6% of the patients developed complications. Some 29 patients were treated with 5-FU regimen. The response rate was 17.2%, median survival time was 201 days, and 5 PR pts had 421 days' survival time. Patients with good PS had long survival times. A comparative study was conducted between 15 cases treated with cisplatin (CDDP) regimen and 14 cases without CDDP. Among them, 13 pts were given a low dose and 16 pts a full dose of chemotherapy (5-FU+/-CDDP). No differences were found between the two groups in overall survival time. No patients showed a severe adverse effect and some exhibited improvement by the chemotherapy. Therefore, the choice of chemotherapy for an elderly gastric cancer patient mostly depends on the patient' s general condition. Elderly patients can develop many complications, so the organ function test should be carefully evaluated. Development of an oral anticancer drug for gastric cancer is in progress and promises to show good results in the near future. Chemotherapy appears able to preserve good "Quality of Life" and will play an important role in the treatment of gastric cancer in elderly patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To clarify whether nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation (NST) can produce the graft versus tumor (GVT) effect in patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS: A pilot trial of NST was conducted in 5 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Preparative conditioning consisted of administration of 60 mg/kg cyclophosphamide on days 6 and 7 before transplantation, followed by 25 mg fludarabine per square meter of body surface on each of the last 5 days prior to transplantation. Cyclosporine was started 4 days before transplantation. Peripheral blood stem cells from the patients' HLA-identical siblings were transfused into the patients. RESULTS: Complete donor T-cell chimerism in peripheral blood was obtained in 4 patients on day 15 after transplantation. NST resulted in tumor reduction in 2 patients as determined by CT, decreasing levels of tumor markers in 2 patients, pain relief in 2 patients, and a decrease in pleural fluid in 1 patient. Two patients developed acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) of grade II or III and 2 had chronic GVHD involving skin and/or liver. Administration of immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of GVHD resulted in the elevation of tumor marker levels. CONCLUSION: These findings are the first to suggest that NST induces a GVT effect on pancreatic cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[A case of curatively resected gastric cancer through an effective response to chemotherapy].

The patient is a 66-year-old male who underwent gastrojejunostomy at another hospital with the diagnosis of type 3 unresectable gastric cancer. He was admitted to our hospital for adjuvant chemotherapy. A CT scan revealed both peritoneal dissemination and a large tumor directly invading the pancreas and liver. After 7 courses of combined chemotherapy with 5-FU, Leucovorin, cis-platinum and methotrexate, an effective response, tumor reduction and the disappearance of peritoneal dissemination, was verified by CT scan. Pancreatoduodenectomy with transverse colectomy was carried out and the pathological diagnosis was also curative (pT3, pN1, pP0, HO: stage III A). Although he unfortunately died from peritoneal recurrence after 9 months, he maintained good quality of life after re-operation. We think this case shows the possibility of NAC for patients with far advanced gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination to improve their prognosis or QOL.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

[Combination chemotherapy for gastric cancer including LV/5-FU].

LV (l-LV)/5-FU therapy has been used broadly and is considered to be a standard treatment for large bowel cancer due to an enhancing therapeutic effect of 5-FU. According to recent clinical study reports on large bowel cancer in Europe and the United States, various administration methods of LV/5-FU with a combination of other drugs have been devised. It appeared that 5-FU used together in bolus and continuous infusions have yielded outstanding results. Although the basis of combination therapy for gastric cancer seemed to be LV/5-FU, there were many reports on TS-1 combined with other drugs because the oral medicine TS-1 was domestically available for the past one or two years. Currently, controlled randomized trials of LV/5-FU therapy and TS-1 have been ongoing. However, when patients cannot take oral intakes, LV/5-FU therapy is important. It seems that LV/5-FU therapy in combination with other drugs, in particular, CDDP, CPT-11, paclitaxel, docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and ETP will be given as candidates for the standard treatment of gastric cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2003

[Hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy].

Patients who will receive chemotherapy require careful assessment of liver function prior to treatment to determine which drugs are not appropriate, and which drug need dose modification. Many medications, alcohol has their more or less hepatotoxic effect, so because of their immunocompromise state, some body are prone to liver infection, including viral hepatitis. Lamivudine is effective in treating hepatitis B reactivation during chemotherapy. Now, the increased use of high-dose regimens with bone marrow or stem-cell support has been shown the drugs toxicities complication more, which does not observed in with conventional doses. Clinical judgment and a high index of suspicion remain critical tool in preventing and treating hepatic manifestations of cancer chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2003

[Hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy].

Patients who will receive chemotherapy require careful assessment of liver function prior to treatment to determine which drugs are not appropriate, and which drugs need dose modification. However, if the hepatic parenchymal abnormalities are caused by an underlying neoplasm and the neoplasm is sensitive to the drugs, it may not be necessary to reduce the dose. Clearly, this is an area where clinical judgment must be used to assess the risk/benefit ratio. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) involves either the nucleoside analogue lamivudine or interferon alpha. The advantage of lamivudine includes limited adverse effects and the fact that histological improvement has been documented in the majority of patients. Primary prophylaxis with lamivudine may be a well tolerated and effective method to reduce the frequency of chemotherapy-induced HBV reactivation in chronic HbsAg carriers. HbsAg screening is necessary before beginning chemotherapy for non Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. However, the main problem with long-term lamivudine therapy is the emergence of genotypic resistance because of base pair substitution at specific sites within the YMDD locus of the DNA polymerase gene. Significant hepatic dysfunction is uncommon among hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients treated with chemotherapy for hematological malignancies. However, infection with elevated AST levels is a significant risk factor for veno-occlusive disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinical judgment and a high index of suspicion remain critical tools in preventing and treating hepatic manifestations of cancer chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2003

[Rituximab].

CHOP has been the standard chemotherapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). However, indolent NHL remains largely an incurable diseases, with nearly static overall survival, and only 40% of patients with aggressive NHL are cured by CHOP. Monoclonal antibodies are an exciting advance in the treatment of lymphoma. Rituximab is a mouse/human chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets the CD20 antigen found on the surface of malignant and normal cells of the B-cell lineage, but not on primitive stem cells or mature plasma cells. Rituximab is safe and well-tolerated, and exhibit little cross-resistance with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Clinical trials with rituximab indicate that the drug has broad application to NHL, although further clarification is needed to determine its optimal use in many of these clinical settings. In indolent NHL, rituximab has shown useful response rates, both as first-line therapy in relapsed disease. In aggressive lymphomas, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common form, the addition of rituximab to CHOP chemotherapy significantly lengthens disease-free and overall survival compared to CHOP alone as first line therapy, at least in elderly patients. These included combination with chemotherapy, prolonged or increased dosing regimens, and maintenance therapy, in which rituximab is administered to patients in remission to eliminate minimal residual disease and reduce the risk of relapse. Rituximab in vivo purging and maintenance is also being evaluated in autologous transplantation setting. Newer agents, including radiolabelled antibodies, Immunotoxin-linked antibodies and antibodies against novel target antigens are being tested in on-going clinical trial.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2002

[Approaches to prevention of the middle to late phase adverse drug reactions in chemotherapy].

This is a review of the prevention of middle to late phase adverse drug reactions in chemotherapy. The development of clinical practice guidelines for cancer chemotherapy is being promoted recently. The guidelines for the prevention of adverse drug reactions are also necessary to achieve the best results from chemotherapy. A feature of middle to late phase adverse reactions is that almost all reactions are accumulative toxicities depending on the total dose of drug. Moreover, if they happen, there is no standard therapy to control the toxicity and only supportive care can be provided. Therefore, prevention and early detection of the toxicity is of utmost importance. It is necessary that all clinicians should have the knowledge of how to control these toxicities, and treat the patients appropriately on the basis of that knowledge.

Antineoplastic Agents↗