Metabolic disorders related to obesity and periodontal disease.
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Adipocytes↗
Biomedical subjects
Yoshihiro Shimazaki
Publications and source records attributed to Yoshihiro Shimazaki.
The influence of current and former smoking on gingival bleeding: the Hisayama study.
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis and that it has a suppressive effect on gingival bleeding. This study examined the relationship between smoking, including past smoking, and periodontal conditions, mainly gingival bleeding, in a community-based health investigation. METHODS: Smoking status was examined in 958 subjects, along with the quantity of tobacco currently or previously smoked (never, former light, former heavy, current light, and current heavy). We analyzed the influence of smoking on probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and gingival bleeding on probing (BOP). RESULTS: In multivariate logistic regression analyses, current heavy smokers were at a significantly greater risk for having a higher proportion of teeth with PD > or =4 mm and a higher proportion of teeth with CAL > or =5 mm; however, they had a lower risk for having a high BOP than did those who had never smoked. Moreover, both former light and former heavy smokers had significantly lower risks for high BOP. When the analysis was limited to subjects with PD > or =4 mm, former heavy and current heavy smokers showed a significant suppression of high BOP compared to never smokers. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that smoking is significantly associated with PD and CAL and that current and past smoking has a suppressive effect on BOP.
Adult↗
Relationship between periodontitis and hepatic condition in Japanese women.
The liver is an important organ closely associated with lipid and glucose metabolism. This study was performed to clarify the relationship between periodontitis and hepatic condition in apparently healthy Japanese women. A cross-sectional study was performed on 172 apparently healthy, dentulous Japanese women (20-59 years old) who attended a health promotion program at Fukuoka Health Promotion Center. After multivariate adjustment for age, smoking history and oral hygiene, which were known risk factors for periodontitis, the incidence of periodontitis (deepest probing depth > or =4 mm) in females was significantly increased with elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, p < 0.01), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, p < 0.01) and cholinesterase (p < 0.001), and an AST-to-ALT ratio of less than one (p = 0.02). Further adjustment for either body mass index (BMI) or percent body fat did not attenuate these relationships. These results suggest that hepatic steatosis is associated with periodontitis in Japanese women.
Adult↗
Relationship between drinking and periodontitis: the Hisayama Study.
BACKGROUND: Although recent studies suggest a relationship between alcohol consumption and periodontal disease, the dose-response relationship between drinking and the severity of periodontitis is unclear. METHODS: Alcohol consumption was evaluated using the frequency of drinking and the daily alcohol intake for 961 individuals aged 40 to 79 years. Periodontal status was evaluated using probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). RESULTS: Alcohol consumption was linearly associated with the extent of PD and CAL in univariate analyses (P <0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, the subjects drinking 15 to 29.9 g alcohol per day (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1 to 6.6) or more than 30 g per day (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.1 to 5.7) had a significantly higher risk of having more than 35% of their teeth with PD > or = 4 mm than non-drinkers, independent of other confounding variables. No significant relationship between drinking and CAL was observed in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the effect of drinking on periodontal condition is limited to subjects with deep periodontal pockets associated with more than one-third of their teeth.
Adult↗
Relationship between electrocardiographic abnormalities and periodontal disease: the Hisayama Study.
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested a relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated the relationship between periodontitis and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities, which are known predictors of CVD. METHODS: We examined the periodontal status of 1,111 residents of Hisayama Town, Fukuoka, Japan. Nine hundred fifty-seven (957) subjects (374 males, 583 females) with > or = 10 teeth and without a medical history of CVD were included in the analysis. Probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured on two randomly selected quadrants, one maxillary and one mandibular. A 12-lead ECG was recorded using a standard electrocardiograph. ECG abnormalities included left ventricular hypertrophy (Minnesota code 3-1) and ST depression (4-1, 2, 3). The relation of periodontal condition and ECG abnormalities was assessed with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that mean probing depth, mean attachment loss, number of teeth, and plaque index were significantly associated with ECG abnormalities, as well as with known risk factors of CVD. In multivariate analysis, the subjects with deep pockets (mean probing depth > or = 2 mm) had an increased risk for ECG abnormalities (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 to 2.50) compared to the subjects with mean PD < 2 mm. Subjects with severe attachment loss (mean CAL > or = 2.5 mm) had also significant risk for ECG abnormalities (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.67) compared to those whose mean CAL was < 2.5 mm. CONCLUSION: This study clearly shows the relationship between periodontitis and ECG abnormalities, which are important predictors of CVD.
Adult↗
Association between alveolar bone loss and elevated serum C-reactive protein in Japanese men.
BACKGROUND: Moderate elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP) is thought to predict type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), both of which are associated with periodontitis. Recent studies indicate that periodontal disease is associated with moderate elevation of CRP; however, the relationship between alveolar bone loss (ABL) and CRP elevation is unclear. METHODS: A total of 179 Japanese men aged 50 to 54 years old, with at least 10 teeth, were examined as part of a comprehensive health examination before retirement from the Japan Self-Defense Force. ABL was measured at proximal sites of posterior teeth on a panoramic x-ray film. The relationship between the mean ratio of ABL to root length and serum CRP level and other variables was analyzed. RESULTS: ABL was significantly correlated with serum CRP level (P = 0.008), alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.008), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P = 0.04, inversely), white blood cell count (P < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.002), age (P = 0.03), and smoking history (P < 0.001). In a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for age, smoking history, systolic blood pressure, body-mass index, triglyceride, and HDL cholesterol, subjects in the highest tertile of ABL had an increased risk for CRP elevation > or = 1.3 mg/l (odds ratio [OR] = 8.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 40.7; P = 0.01) when compared to the lowest tertile of ABL. CONCLUSION: ABL around posterior teeth was associated with elevated CRP in Japanese men, suggesting an association between periodontal disease and increased risk of type 2 diabetes and CVD.
Alveolar Bone Loss↗
Risk factors for tooth loss in the institutionalised elderly; a six-year cohort study.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine risk factors for tooth loss and edentulism in institutionalised elderly people. DESIGN: Six-year prospective cohort study. SETTING: Twenty nine of the 30 institutions for elderly people in Kitakyushu, Japan. SUBJECTS: Four hundred and eighteen of the 1,096 subjects who were dentate at the baseline examination. OUTCOME MEASURES: Factors that influenced tooth loss and edentulism. RESULTS: In both sexes, older subjects had fewer remaining teeth at baseline. Males lost more teeth than females, and edentulism was also more likely in males than in females. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that the number of teeth, number of decayed teeth, periodontal pocket depth, and plaque index were significant predictors for the number of teeth lost. The incidence of edentulism was higher in males than in females. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that poorer mental health status, fewer teeth, having deep periodontal pocket, and poorer oral hygiene status were independently associated with the six-year incidence of edentulism. CONCLUSIONS: Tooth loss in institutionalised elderly people in Japan is related to both poor oral health status and poor mental health status.
Aged↗
Immunization against dental caries.
Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases. Of the oral bacteria, mutans streptococci, such as Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus, are considered to be causative agents of dental caries in humans. There have been numerous studies of the immunology of mutans streptococci. To control dental caries, dental caries vaccines have been produced using various cell-surface antigens of these organisms. Progress in recombinant DNA technology and peptide synthesis has been applied to the development of recombinant and synthetic peptide vaccines to control dental caries. Significant protective effects against dental caries have been shown in experimental animals, such as mice, rats and monkeys, which have been subcutaneously, orally, or intranasally immunized with these antigens. Only a few studies, however, have examined the efficacy of dental caries vaccines in humans. Recently, local passive immunization using murine monoclonal antibodies, transgenic plant antibodies, egg-yolk antibodies, and bovine milk antibodies to antigens of mutans streptococci have been used to control the colonization of the organisms and the induction of dental caries in human. Such immunization procedures may be a safer approach for controlling human dental caries than active immunization.
Animals↗