Biomedical subjects

Yoshiko Atsuta

Publications and source records attributed to Yoshiko Atsuta.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Associations of TNF-A-1031TT and -857TT genotypes with Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and gastric atrophy among Japanese Brazilians.

BACKGROUND: Our previous study in a Japanese population showed elevated Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in those with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) A -1031TT and -857TT genotypes. This study examined the associations of this seropositivity and serum pepsinogen (PG) levels with these genotypes in Japanese Brazilians. METHODS: The subjects were 963 individuals (399 males and 564 females), aged 33 to 69 years, from four regions (Sao Paulo, Curitiba, Mogi das Cruzes, and Mirandopolis) in Brazil. Gastric atrophy was evaluated with serum pepsinogens (PGI < 70 ng/dl and PGI/II < 3), and TNF T-1031C and C-857T were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP). RESULTS: The frequency of TNF-A T-1031C was 68.4% TT, 28.4% TC, and 3.3% CC, and that of C-857T was 64.5% CC, 31.7% CT, and 3.8% TT, whose distributions were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant associations of the genotypes with H. pylori seropositivity or gastric atrophy were found. However, male participants with TNF-A -1031CC and -857CC showed the lowest seropositivity (43.8% out of 16), and males with TNF-A -1031TT and -857TT showed the highest (61.5% out of 13). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the associations between H. pylori seropositivity and TNF-A genotypes were not marked for Japanese Brazilians. The genotypes were not associated with gastric atrophy among the seropositive individuals.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Current status of hematopoietic cell transplantation for adult patients with hematologic diseases and solid tumors in Japan.

A nationwide survey of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) was started in Japan in 1991, and the analyzed survey data have been presented as the annual report of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. The 10-year overall survival (OS) rates after HCT for each disease are as follows: acute myelogenous leukemia, 44.2%; acute lymphocytic leukemia, 33.7%; adult T-cell leukemia, 24.6%; chronic myelogenous leukemia, 53.3%; myelodysplastic syndrome, 37.3%; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 41.5%; Hodgkin's lymphoma, 50.8%; aplastic anemia, 72.5%; breast cancer, 37.1%; germ cell tumor, 52.6%; and ovarian cancer, 44.2%. The 5-year OS rates for multiple myeloma and lung cancer were 40.6% and 23.6%, respectively. Except in cord blood transplantation, engraftment was accomplished in more than 90% of patients. The respective frequencies of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and chronic GVHD were 41.1% and 34.9% for related bone marrow transplantation (BMT), 66.8% and 34.5% for unrelated BMT, 52.9% and 36.0% for allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, and 53.3% and 32.1% for allogeneic cord blood transplantation. OS for each disease was analyzed by patient age, stem cell source, donor type, disease status, and disease type. These data provide objective and valuable information for hematologists as well as for patients who need HCT.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Use of duplex PCR-CTPP methods for CYP2E1RsaI/IL-2 T-330G and IL-1B C-31T/TNF-A T-1031C polymorphisms.

BACKGROUND: Two duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with confronting two-pair primer (PCR-CTPP) methods were designed for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 RsaI and interleukin (IL-2) T-330G, and for IL-1B C-31T and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-A) T-1031C. The four polymorphisms are considered to be functional, and the three cytokines reportedly inhibit CYP2E1 expression. Many studies have reported associations between the above polymorphisms and risk of diseases including cancers and inflammatory diseases. AIM: The main objective of this study was to examine the applicability of the established PCR conditions to a real situation. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were female examinees aged from 35 to 85 years who attended health checks run by a local government in Japan. RESULTS: The allele frequencies among 325 female health check examinees were 0.804 for CYP2E1 c1 allele, 0.668 for IL-2-330T allele, 0.554 for IL-1B-31T allele, and 0.822 for TNF-A-1031T allele. p-Values from a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test were 0.658, 0.955, 0.062, and 0.806, respectively. DISCUSSION: Clear DNA bands observed with electrophoresis allowed us to genotype the four polymorphisms. The genotype frequencies were within the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test proportions, though the p-value for IL-1B C-31T was marginal. CONCLUSIONS: Both duplex PCR-CTPP methods may be useful tools for studies on the association between these polymorphisms and disease risk.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Genetic polymorphisms of p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 at exon 2 and p53 Arg72Pro and the risk of cervical cancer in Japanese.

To examine the possible association between cervical cancer and p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 in exon 2 and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphisms, an incident case-control study was conducted in Japanese. The cases were 112 cervical cancer patients. Controls were 320 healthy women and 122 non-cancer female outpatients. Risk estimation for each genotype by an unconditional logistic model demonstrated a possible association between the p73 A4T14 variant and the risk of cervical cancer in our Japanese population (OR = 1.57; 95%CI, 0.99-2.48, P = 0.053). There was no significant difference in the p53 Arg72Pro genotype frequency between the controls and cases.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Genotype announcement in a genetic polymorphism study for health checkup examinees at Nagoya University Hospital.

On June 9, 2003, we started free genetic tests of eight polymorphisms for health checkup examinees who attended a basic course at Nagoya University Hospital. They were informed of their genotypes within four weeks after blood donation for research purposes. The genotypes were those of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) Arg47His, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) Glu487Lys, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) C609T, glutathione S transferase M1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1), interleukin-1B (IL-1B) C-31T, and tumor necrosis factor A (TNF-A) T-1031C, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Ins/Del. In the first three months, 227 (89.4%) out of 254 examinees participated in the free tests, having been informed of the research aims, after which they consented to our use of research data. To date, there have been no complaints from the participants, indicating that the announcement of polymorphism genotypes may be accepted differently from that of hereditary disease genotypes.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗

PubMed2003

[A new genotyping method, PCR-CTPP].

The polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP) is an inexpensive genotyping method, which is applicable for most single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs). In this method, allele-specific DNA products are amplified by applying appropriately designed two-pair primers (four primers) into a conventional PCR tube, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Duplex or triplex PCR-CTPP is also possible in a single tube, which reduces time and costs. An example of multiplex PCR-CTPP is described for NQO1 C609, GSTM1, and GSTT1. This convenient genotyping tool may be useful in health checkup to detect high risk individuals for some diseases, and to prevent such individuals from developing the diseases.

Alleles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

No association of the mitochondrial genotype (Mt5178A/C) with six cancers in a Japanese population.

To examine an association between the mitochondrial DNA (mt5178) genotype and various cancers, we genotyped 1120 non-cancer controls and 930 cancer cases including esophageal, stomach, colorectal, lung, breast and malignant lymphoma in a sample of Japanese patients. The mt5178A/C was genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP). The frequency of mt5178A/C within the non-cancer and cancer groups, and age distribution of subjects with mt5178A and C were investigated. Odd ratios (ORs) of the mt5178A and C genotypes were also examined. The frequency of mt5178A was 39.1% in non-cancer subjects while frequencies in those having cancer included 39.0% in breast, 37.4% in colorectal, 45.1% in esophageal, 38.0% in lung, 41.5% in malignant lymphoma, and 38.8% in stomach cancer. There was no significant difference in the frequency of the mt5178 genotype among the six types of cancer studied. There was also no significant difference in the frequency of the mt5178 genotype between non-cancer and cancer subjects regardless of total age with the exception that ages 40-49 years (the frequency of the mt5178A was higher in cancer subjects). There was a significant interaction term between age and the mt5178 genotype in older (age>=60) lung cancer patients. The cumulative frequency of mt5178C increased more markedly than that of mt5178A after age 40 in non-cancer subjects, and after age 50 in cancer subjects ORs of the genotype were not significant for all cancers combined or for any individual site of cancer. In the present study, the mt5178 genotype seems to have no association with any of the cancers examined here. But an interaction term between the mt5178 genotype and aging on cancer was suggested with the Japanese population under study.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Precise definition of anonymization in genetic polymorphism studies.

Anonymization is an essential tool to protect privacy of participants in epidemiological studies. This paper classifies types of anonymization in genetic polymorphism studies, providing precise definitions. They are: 1) unlinkable anonymization at enrollment without a participant list; 2) unlinkable anonymization before genotyping with a participant list; 3) linkable anonymization; 4) unlinkable anonymization for outsiders; and 5) linkable anonymization for outsiders. The classification in view of accessibility to a table including genotype data with directly identifiable data such as names is important; if such tables exist, staff may obtain genotype information about participants. The first three modes are defined here as anonymization unaccessible to genotype data with directly identifiable information for research staff. Anonymization with a key code held by participants is possible with any of the above anonymization modes, by which participants can access to their own genotypes through telephone or internet. A guideline issued on March 29, 2001 with collaboration of three Ministries in Japan defines "anonymization in a linkable fashion" and "anonymization in an unlinkable fashion", "for the purpose of preventing the personal information from being divulged externally in violation of law, the present guidelines or a research protocol", but the contents are not clear in practice. The proposed definitions will be useful when we describe and discuss the preferable mode of anonymization for a given polymorphism study.

Anonymous Testing↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A pilot study on genotype announcement to induce smoking cessation by Japanese smokers.

BACKGROUND: Genotype announcements related to susceptibility to hazardous effects of smoking may be effective to induce smoking cessation. METHODS: Subjects were municipal government employees, 63 young smokers employed in the previous year and 59 smokers with more than 45 pack-years, who were invited to educational sessions against smoking held in December 2003 and February 2004, respectively. In the session, those who wished genetic susceptibility tests (GSTM1, GSTT1, and NQO1 C609T) were enrolled in the study. The smoking habit was ascertained three times: at the session, one month later, just before the genotype announcement, and at the follow-up three months after the announcement. RESULTS: Fifty eight (92.1%) and 49 (83.1%) smokers participated in the study, respectively. One out of 58 smokers was not a habitual smoker, so was not included in the analysis. The smoking cessation rates were 15.8% (9 participants) and 6.1% (3 participants) just before the genotype announcement, and 7.0% (4 participants) and 10.2% (5 participants) at the follow-up, respectively. All subjects were satisfied with the genotype testing except for two who rather regretted participating, but one of whom actually quit smoking. CONCLUSION: The present pilot study without controls indicated that the effects of genotype announcements in this framework on smoking cessation were less than might have been expected. The temporary effect of the session on younger smokers may have been due to the participation per se. The potential effects of genotype announcements for heavy smokers should now be examined in studies with adequate controls.

Adult↗