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Biomedical subjects

Yoshiko Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to Yoshiko Ishida.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Grb2-associated binder 1 polymorphism was associated with the risk of Helicobactor pylori infection and gastric atrophy.

BACKGROUND: Various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have explained the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gastric atrophy and cancer. This study investigated the associations of Grb2 associated binder 1 (Gab1) polymorphism and the combination of PTPN11 gene encoding src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) and Gab1 gene with gastric cancer and gastric atrophy among H. pylori seropositive subjects. METHODS: A single nucleotide polymorphism at intron 2 of Gab1 (JST164345) was examined for 454 Japanese health checkup examinees (126 males and 328 females) aged 35 to 85 without a history of gastric cancer and 202 gastric cancer patients (134 males and 68 females) aged 33 to 94 with pathologically confirmed diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: The decreased OR of the Gab1 A/A for H. pylori seropositivity was 0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08-0.71). Among seropositive healthy controls, the OR of the Gab1 G/A+A/A for gastric atrophy was significant (OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.12 -3.40). Seropositive individuals with PTPN11 G/G and Gab1 G/A+A/A demonstrated the highest risk of gastric atrophy with significance (OR=3.49, 95% CI: 1.54-7.90) relative to PTPN11 G/A+A/A and Gab1 G/G, the lowest risk combination, as a reference. However, the gene-gene interaction between PTPN11 and Gab1 was not observed (OR=1.39, 95% CI: 0.41-4.66). Compared to gastric cancer case, the Gab1 did not influence the step of atrophy/metaplasia-gastric cancer sequence. CONCLUSIONS: This study represents that the Gab1 polymorphism was associated with the low risk of H. pylori infection and the high risk of gastric atrophy among seropositive healthy controls, and that seropositive individuals with PTPN11 G/G and Gab1 G/A+G/G were associated with the greatest risk of gastric atrophy. These findings require confirmation in much larger studies.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2006

Eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori according to genotypes of CYP2C19, IL-1B, and TNF-A.

BACKGROUND: Lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin are commonly used drugs for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). A few studies reported that the eradication rate was influenced by the functional polymorphism of CYP2C19, whose product metabolizes proton pomp inhibitors including lansoprazole. METHODS: This study examined the eradication rate among 67 participants in the polymorphism study who visited Daiko Medical Center, Nagoya University from July 2004 to October 2005. The participants aged 20 to 69 years were classified into three group according to CYP2C19 genotype; rapid metabolizers (RM) with *1*1 genotype, intermediate metabolizers (IM) with *1*2 or *1*3 genotype, and poor metabolizers (PM) with *2*2, *2*3, or *3*3 genotype. For the genotype classification, G681A (681G for *1 and 681A for *2) and G636A (636G for *1 and 636A for *3) were genotyped by PCR with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTPP). They were also genotyped for IL-1B T-31C and TNF-A T-1031C by a duplex PCR-CTPP. RESULTS: The eradication rate was 70.0% for RM, 93.9% for IM, and 85.7% for PM. The difference in the rate between RM and IM+PM was statistically significant (p=0.025). The eradication rate was highest for those with IL-1B -31CC; the p value was marginal among the whole subjects (chi2=3.78, p=0.05) and not significant among the RM group (chi2=1.60, p=0.21). The genotypes of TNF-A T-1031C had no associations with the eradication rate. But among the RM group, the odd ratio (OR) of the TNF-A CT for the eradication rate relative to TT was marginally reduced (OR=0.05, 95% confidence interval, 0.002-1.19). CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed the low eradication rate for RM. The reproduced finding provides evidence that the CYP2C19 genotype is useful to predict the success of the treatment. For the RM group, alternative regimens expected to be with a higher eradication rate will be recommended, especially to those with the TNF-A -1031C allele.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Alternative genotyping method of GSTT1 null/present polymorphism.

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) theta is an enzyme to detoxify xenobiotic compounds. The gene GSTT1 has a null/present polymorphism in one of the targets for cancer susceptibility research. The polymorphism is classified into two types: present type with at least one present allele (heterozygote and homozygote) and null type without a present allele. Although one report showed a method to distinguish the heterozygote from the present homozygote, its use has been limited possibly owing to the difficulty of successful genotyping of long DNA sequences (1460 base pairs). This article reports an alternative method utilizing typical PCR primers specific to the null allele (566 base pairs) and the present allele (458 base pairs). All samples of the GSTT1 null genotype processed by the present PCR method (n = 331), were correctly classified as the null genotype by a conventional method, and the samples of heterozygous (n = 364) or present homozygous (n = 108) genotype as the present genotype; this indicates that it is appropriate for future research to utilize three genotypes of the GSTT1 null/present polymorphism.

Disease↗
PubMed2004

Correlations between allergen-specific IgE serum levels in patients with allergic conjunctivitis in spring.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between various specific class E immunoglobulins (IgE) in serum and allergic conjunctivitis in spring. METHODS: Forty patients with allergic conjunctivitis and fifty healthy volunteers were selected for this trial. Total IgE and specific IgE to twelve inhalant allergens were measured using the CAP system. RESULTS: Specific IgE levels caused by cedar and cypress pollen, house dust, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, acarus, and moth allergens were higher in the allergy group than in the control group. No correlation was proven between the specific IgE levels and the total IgE level. The highest positivity rate for a specific allergen in patients with allergic conjunctivitis was 52.5% for cedar pollen, followed by cypress pollen at 37.5%. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that cypress pollen was the largest cause of allergic conjunctivitis and that the total IgE level had no correlation with each specific IgE.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Functional analysis of chicken Sox2 enhancers highlights an array of diverse regulatory elements that are conserved in mammals.

Sox2 expression marks neural and sensory primordia at various stages of development. A 50 kb genomic region of chicken Sox2 was isolated and scanned for enhancer activity utilizing embryo electroporation, resulting in identification of a battery of enhancers. Although Sox2 expression in the early embryonic CNS appears uniform, it is actually pieced together by five separate enhancers with distinct spatio-temporal specificities, including the one activated by the neural induction signals emanating from Hensen's node. Enhancers for Sox2 expression in the lens and nasal/otic placodes and in the neural crest were also determined. These functionally identified Sox2 enhancers exactly correspond to the extragenic sequence blocks conspicuously conserved between chicken and mammals, which are not discernible by sequence comparison among mammals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lens epithelial cell migration between posterior capsule and intraocular lens with variously finished posterior optic edge and two haptic angulations.

PURPOSE: To compare lens epithelial cell migration between intraocular lens (IOL) optics and the posterior capsule of IOLs with various edges and haptic angulations. METHODS: Experimental acrylic IOLs with 3 types of finishing (none, polishing, tumbling and polishing) and 2 types of haptic angulation (10 and 15 degrees ) as well as 3 (AcrySof MA30BA, Sensar AR40, CeeOn 911) clinically implanted IOLs were inserted in rabbit eyes. Scanning electron-microscopic examination of IOLs was carried out before surgery and histological examination of lens capsules 3 weeks after surgery. The grading of lens epithelial cell migration under the IOL was made by scoring. RESULTS: Scanning electron-microscopic examination showed that the optic edge sharpness decreased according to the finishing in experimental IOLs. The AcrySof and CeeOn lenses had sharp edges and the Sensar had a rounded edge. The migration score was highest in the IOL with a rounded edge whereas it was lowest in IOLs with a sharp edge and large haptic angulation. There was no significant difference between the scores of clinically implanted IOLs. CONCLUSION: Sharpness of the optic edge may be a critical factor for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification and more important than haptic angulation in acrylic IOLs.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The ACE gene polymorphism is associated with the incidence of gastric cancer among H. pylori seropositive subjects with atrophic gastritis.

Studies of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism have provided evidence that the D/D genotype is associated with gastric tumor progression and numbers of lymph node metastases, but not with the overall risk of gastric cancer. The highest levels of circulating and tissue ACE activity were found in carriers of the D/D genotype. Here, we further investigated the association using 454 Japanese subjects undergoing a health checkup and 202 gastric cancer patients. The ACE polymorphism was not found to be linked with H. pylori seropositivity or gastric atrophy. However, among H. pylori seropositive subjects with atrophy, those with the I/D genotype had an increased risk of gastric cancer (OR=1.59; 95% CI, 1.02-2.48). We also established that the polymorphism did not lower the age at diagnosis of gastric cancer. Confirmation of the association between ACE polymorphisms and development of gastric cancer requires much larger studies, and the biological role also needs to be fully elucidated.

Adenocarcinoma↗