Biomedical subjects

Yoshimi Nakamura

Publications and source records attributed to Yoshimi Nakamura.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Predictors of abstinence from smoking among participants in a smoking cessation program in a health center in Japan].

PURPOSE: To identify predictors of successful smoking abstinence. METHOD: A prospective analysis was conducted of a group of 687 individuals (mean age +/- SD 49.5 +/- 14.6 years, range 20 to 81 years) comprising 518 males and 169 females, who attempted to stop smoking by participating in smoking cessation programs provided by Kamakura Health Center in Japan from September 2002 to September 2003. They were provided with free nicotine patches and referred to medical clinics for follow-up. Baseline characteristics such as age, gender, program settings, daily cigarette consumption and time to the first cigarette of the day were recorded at the start of the program. Smoking status was confirmed at the one-year follow up. In addition, the participants were asked whether they had used free nicotine patches or follow-up nicotine patches and gum. The relationships between characteristics used to assess smoking abstinence rates were first analyzed using a chi2 test. Logistic regression analysis was then employed to identify independent predictors of smoking abstinence at the one-year follow up. RESULTS: A total of 687 smokers who participated in the program were registered at the start of this study. Out of these, 528 (76.9%) were eligible because their smoking status could be confirmed at the one-year follow up. The rate of smoking abstinence at the one-year follow up was 39.2%. No significant differences were observed in the rates of smoking abstinence among the participants at the one-year follow up based on gender, daily cigarette consumption or time to the first cigarette of the day. When participants were over fifty years of age (abstinence rate 47.0%), were provided with the program conducted at the Health Center (abstinence rate 50.3%), used free nicotine patches (abstinence rate 50.7%) and received follow-up nicotine replacement therapy (abstinence rate 57.7%). they were significantly more likely to have stopped smoking than the reference groups. With the above-mentioned four predictors, adjusted odds ratios of smoking abstinence observed in the logistic regression analysis were 1.68, 1.80, 2.01 and 1.79, respectively. CONCLUSION: We found a 39.2% smoking abstinence rate at one-year follow up among smokers who were treated with free nicotine patches in the smoking cessation program by the Kamakura Health Center. It was indicated that predictors of smoking abstinence are age (over fifty years), location (at the Health Center), use of free nicotine patches and receipt of follow-up nicotine replacement therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Myocilin gene expression in the trabecular meshwork of rats in a steroid-induced ocular hypertension model.

PURPOSE: To investigate the expression pattern of myocilin in the trabecular meshwork of normal and dexamethasone-induced ocular hypertensive rat eyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An ocular hypertension model was generated by application of topical dexamethasone to rat eyes 4 times daily for 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Age-matched untreated eyes served as controls. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored by electronic Tono-pen under anesthesia. The protein and mRNA levels of myocilin in the trabecular meshwork and endothelial lining of Schlemm's canal were investigated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. For semiquantitative evaluation, areas with positive staining were analyzed by a computer-assisted image-processing system with NIH software. RESULTS: The IOP in rat eyes was elevated after 2 weeks of topical dexamethasone treatment. Despite the IOP elevation, the protein and mRNA levels of myocilin in the trabecular meshwork and around Schlemm's canal in the steroid-treated eyes were not different from those of controls. CONCLUSION: No discernible changes in myocilin expression in the chamber angle indicate that myocilin may not be directly linked to ocular hypertension, at least not in rat eyes after relatively short-term steroid application.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Uveal effusion in primary angle-closure glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of uveal effusion in acute and chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) or primary angle closure (PAC) and to compare it with the prevalence in eyes with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension. DESIGN: Prospective consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred one eyes of 351 consecutive patients with PAC and 156 eyes of 116 randomly selected primary OAG or ocular hypertension patients. The PAC group included 40 eyes of 35 patients with acute PACG and 30 unaffected fellow eyes, 39 eyes and 35 fellow eyes with a history of acute PACG, and 357 eyes with chronic PAC. METHODS: Ultrasound biomicroscopic examination was performed to diagnose uveal effusion and to measure anterior chamber depth (ACD). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of uveal effusion and ACD. RESULTS: Uveal effusion was demonstrated in 23 eyes (58%) with acute PACG and 7 fellow eys (23%) (chi2 = 8.17, P = 0.0043). Among eyes with chronic PAC, uveal effusion was present in 69 [corrected](14%[corrected]), a higher prevalence than was found in open-angle patients (2 eyes [1.3%]) (chi2 = 19.3, P<0.001). In the chronic PAC group, the ACD of phakic eyes with uveal effusion (1.92+/-0.42 mm) was significantly shallower than that of phakic eyes without effusion (2.06+/-0.32 mm) (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Uveal effusion diagnosed by ultrasound biomicroscopy is a special feature in PAC, and is prevalent in acute PACG. Uveal effusion in phakic eyes with PAC is associated with shallowing of ACD.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2005

Comparison of latanoprost monotherapy and combined therapy of 0.5% timolol and 1% dorzolamide in chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) in Japanese patients.

To compare the efficacy, adverse effects, and patient compliance of latanoprost monotherapy with unfixed combination therapy with 0.5% timolol maleate and 1% dorzolamide in the treatment of chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (CACG), 36 Japanese patients with CACG following laser iridotomy (LPI) were treated for 12 weeks with instillation of latanoprost alone or with unfixed combination therapy of 0.5% timolol maleate and 1% dorzolamide hydrochloride. After 12 weeks of treatment, latanoprost reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) from 22.2 +/- 2.0 mmHg to 14.8 +/- 1.9 mmHg (33% reduction); timolol maleate and dorzolamide hydrochloride also reduced IOP from 22.5 +/- 2.2 mmHg to 17.1 +/- 2.7 mmHg (24% reduction). Latanoprost monotherapy significantly lowered IOP compared with unfixed combination therapy of 0.5% timolol maleate and 1% dorzolamide hydrochloride. Furthermore, a systemic adverse effect of bradycardia was not observed in the latanoprost monotherapy group. Concerning compliance, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Thus, latanoprost monotherapy is more effective than unfixed combination therapy with 0.5% timolol maleate and 1% dorzolamide in the treatment of CACG following relief of pupillary block in Japanese patients.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Assessment of chamber angle pigmentation during longterm latanoprost treatment for open-angle glaucoma.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine whether the longterm use of latanoprost is associated with an increase in trabecular pigmentation, especially in subjects in whom iris pigmentation has increased. METHODS: We enrolled 50 subjects for whom treatment was to start for ocular hypertension, primary open-angle glaucoma or normal tension glaucoma. All subjects received latanoprost 0.005% daily. Trabecular pigmentation was documented using gonioscopic photography of the inferior quadrant at baseline, every 3 months for the first year and every 6 months for the second and third years. Three glaucoma specialists evaluated the series of gonioscopic photographs for each eye of each subject in a masked fashion. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was also recorded at each visit. RESULTS: A total of 41 subjects (79 eyes) completed 3 years of follow-up, and none showed any increase in the grade of trabecular pigmentation, including 10 subjects (20 eyes) in whom the iridial pigment increased. CONCLUSION: Although latanoprost increased iridial pigmentation in some subjects, we found no evidence of an increase in trabecular pigmentation over the 3 years of follow-up.

Antihypertensive Agents↗

PubMed2004

[Ciliochoroidal effusion after remission of lens-induced glaucoma detected by ultrasound biomicroscopy].

PURPOSE: To report the results of ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) cases of ciliochoroidal effusion after a lens-induced glaucoma attack. CASES: Case 1 was an 83-year-old female. She had shallow anterior chamber with expanded cataract with exfoliation in her right eye. Intraocular pressure(IOP) of the right eye was 64 mmHg. On the next day, IOP was reduced to 16 mmHg by conservative therapy. UBM showed circumference ciliochoroidal effusion in the right eye. On the 5th day, IOP increased to 38 mmHg. UBM was repeated and showed the disappearance of ciliochoroidal effusion. On the 9th day, phacoemulsification was done to treat the lens induced glaucoma attack. Two weeks after operation, IOP of the right eye was 6 mmHg and UBM showed ciliochoroidal effusion. Case 2 was an 85-year-old female. She had been diagnosed by an ophthalmologist as having an attack of lens-induced glaucoma in her left eye. IOP was 46 mmHg. When she was referred to us, IOP was decreased to 24 mmHg and ciliochoroidal effusion was observed in her left eye by UBM. CONCLUSION: We report two cases of ciliochoroidal effusion associated with lens-induced glaucoma attack. UBM is useful to observe changes in the ciliary body after lens-induced glaucoma attack.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Prevalence of ciliochoroidal effusion after prophylactic laser iridotomy.

PURPOSE: To study the prevalence of ciliochoroidal effusion (CE) after prophylactic laser iridotomy (LI). METHODS: An ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM) examination was performed before, 2, and 24 hours after LI to investigate the changes in supraciliary-choroidal space after LI in circumference of 38 eyes in 23 chronic primary angle-closure patients. Subjects were divided randomly into two groups based on LI settings: 21 eyes by argon laser (Ar-LI group) and argon combined with yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser in 17 eyes (Ar-YAG-LI group). Ciliochoroidal effusion was observed predominantly in the inferior sector (12 of 12 eyes, 100%) and rare in nasal part of the eyes (4 of 12 eyes, 33%). Ciliochoroidal effusion appeared more often in the Ar-LI group (10 eyes, 52%) than in the Ar-YAG-LI group (2 eyes, 12%). All CE disappeared 7 days after by UBM observation. CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical CE observed by UBM frequently occurs after LI.

Body Fluids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ciliochoroidal effusion induced by topical latanoprost in a patient with sturge-weber syndrome.

BACKGROUND: To report drug-induced ciliochoroidal effusion in a patient with Sturge-Weber syndrome. CASE: A 17-year-old man presented with unilateral glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome. OBSERVATIONS: His corrected visual acuity was RE 20/20 and LE 40/60. Intraocular pressure readings by Goldmann applanation tonometry were RE 32 mm Hg and LE 12 mm Hg. Fundus examination showed marked glaucomatous disc cupping in his right eye and normal finding in his left. The patient had a port-wine stain on his right upper eyelid ipsilateral to the glaucomatous eye. Antiglaucomatous medications were begun, including topical latanoprost, with a diagnosis of juvenile onset glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome. Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed a 360 degrees circumference ciliochoroidal effusion. Forty days after starting medication, latanoprost treatment was discontinued. Ten days later, ultrasound biomicroscopy showed a total disappearance of the ciliochoroidal effusion. CONCLUSION: Interaction of the enhanced uveoscleral outflow with latanoprost in conjunction with elevated episcleral venous pressure may have caused the congestion of the aqueous humor in the supraciliary-choroidal space, resulting in the ciliochoroidal effusion.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Immunolocalization of heat shock proteins in the retina of normal monkey eyes and monkey eyes with laser-induced glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To examine the expression and localization of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the retinas of normal and experimentally induced primate glaucoma eyes. These proteins are known to be produced in response to a variety of stresses. METHODS: Experimental glaucoma was induced in the right eyes of three adult monkeys by repeated applications of argon laser to the chamber angle. Immunostaining with a panel of antibodies against HSP 90, 70, 60, 47, and 27 was performed on retinal sections prepared from the normal and glaucomatous monkey eyes. RESULTS: The intensity of immunostaining for HSP 90, 60, and 27 was greatly enhanced in the retinas of glaucomatous eyes. Prominent reactivity was observed in the inner retinal layers, especially in the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers. The staining intensity for HSP 70 was also moderately increased, while immunoreactivity against HSP 47 remained almost unchanged in glaucomatous retinas. Immunostaining against glial fibrillary acidic protein was increased and the immunolabeling pattern appeared to be identical with that of HSP 90 in glaucoma retinas. CONCLUSIONS: The level of HSP 90, 70, 60, and 27 in primate retinas was increased in experimentally induced ocular hypertension. The differences in expression pattern suggest that each HSP may have its unique role in responding to damage or injury related to intraocular pressure elevation.

Animals↗