Biomedical subjects

Yoshitaka Nakashima

Publications and source records attributed to Yoshitaka Nakashima.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Chemically mediated intraguild predator avoidance by aphid parasitoids: interspecific variability in sensitivity to semiochemical trails of ladybird predators.

The avoidance responses of aphid parasitoids with varying host ranges (Aphidius eadyi, Aphidius ervi, and Praon volucre) to chemical trails deposited by intraguild predatory ladybirds, Coccinella septempunctata and Adalia bipunctata, were investigated. Females of all three parasitoid species avoided leaves previously visited by C. septempunctata or A. bipunctata adults. The avoidance responses shown by the two Aphidius species were stronger to trails of C. septempunctata than to those of A. bipunctata. However, P. volucre avoided trails of both ladybird species to a similar degree. Dose responses of these three parasitoid species to the hydrocarbons n-tricosane (C23H48), n-pentacosane (C25H52), and n-heptacosane (C27H56), which are components of the trails of both C. septempunctata and A. bipunctata, were evaluated. Dual-choice bioassays indicated the following: (1) A. eadyi showed more sensitive avoidance responses to n-tricosane than did the other two parasitoid species, (2) all three species showed similar responses to n-pentacosane across a range of doses, and (3) only P. volucre showed avoidance responses to n-heptacosane. Quantitative analyses of each hydrocarbon in the trails of the two ladybird species showed that n-pentacosane and n-heptacosane occur in significantly greater amounts in C. septempunctata trails than in those of A. bipunctata. The trails of the two species also differ qualitatively in the other hydrocarbons present.

Alkanes↗

PubMed2006

[Vitelliform macular detachment associated with basal laminar drusen: case report].

The vitelliform macular lesion is usually observed in Best's disease and the adult type of foveomacular dystrophy. We describe a rare case of macular vitelliform lesion in association with basal laminar drusen. The patient has been followed at the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo for the last four years. The differential diagnosis, clinical evolution, pathogenesis and treatment of this rare condition are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

[Pneumatic retinopexy and laser photocoagulation for treatment of optic disc pit detachment: case report].

The authors report a case of congenital optic disc pit with serous macular detachment successfully treated, with argon laser photocoagulation in the temporal border of the pit, followed by intravitreous injection of C3F8 (100%) 0.3 ml. Patient was followed up for 12 months. Retinal reattachment was associated with improvement in visual acuity, as well as return of the fovea to its normal configuration shown by optical coherence tomography.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Late opacification of a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) intraocular lens: case report].

The use of intraocular lenses was a great advance in visual recovery after cataract surgery. Although usually with good biocompatibility, some alterations in the intraocular lens material may occur after implantation. Polymethylmethacrylate was the first intraocular lens material to be used on a large scale and assumed to be inert and well-tolerated. We present a rare case of late opacification of a polymethylmethacrylate lens, discussing important aspects of its management such as the indication for intraocular lens exchange.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Clinical features and outcomes of patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis treated with oral albendazole.

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical features, visual function outcomes, and adverse events in patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) treated with high-dose oral albendazole. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: Twelve Brazilian patients, aged 7 through 36 years, with active DUSN in the early or late clinical stage, were recruited for this study between 1999 and 2001. A small variant motile worm was found in 4 (33.3%) of these cases. All patients were treated exclusively with high-dose oral albendazole (400 mg/d) for 30 days. RESULTS: Improvement of visual acuity, visual field, and active ocular inflammatory signs was observed in all patients after 4 weeks of treatment (median follow-up: 3 years). Also, during the first weeks of treatment, evidence of worm inactivation was documented for the four patients with visible worms. No adverse drug side effects were observed in any of our cases during follow-up. CONCLUSION: High-dose oral albendazole seems to be safe and beneficial for patients with DUSN.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2004

The role of semiochemicals in the avoidance of the seven-spot ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata, by the aphid parasitoid, Aphidius ervi.

The role of semiochemicals in mediating intraguild interactions between the seven-spot ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata, and the aphid parasitoid, Aphidius ervi, was investigated. Female parasitoids avoided leaves visited by C. septempunctata adults and larvae during the previous 24 hr. Ethanol extracts of C. septempuntata adults and larvae also induced avoidance responses by A. ervi. Two of the hydrocarbons identified by gas chromatography (GC) and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), n-tricosane (C23H48), and n-pentacosane (C25H52), when tested individually at levels found in the adult extract, induced avoidance by A. ervi. Further investigation of the larvae extract, and footprint chemicals deposited by adults in glass Petri dishes, confirmed the presence of the hydrocarbons. Parasitism rates of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, on broad bean plants, Vicia faba, which had been sprayed with a mixture of the chemicals, were lower than those on control plants. The effect, however, was no longer evident if parasitoid foraging was delayed by 24 hr after the plants were treated. The ecological significance of intraguild avoidance behavior and implications for possible use of the semiochemicals involved in future biological control programs are discussed.

Alkanes↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Retinal thickness assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in pseudophakic macular edema.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal map in angiographic pseudophakic macular edema (ACME). METHODS: This is a prospective analysis of a group of 36 pseudophakic eyes at the fifth postoperative week, submitted to optical coherence tomography 2 macular map and fluorescein angiography on the same day and, a control group of twenty-two 20/20 vision eyes with a minimum 6-month postoperative period, submitted to optical coherence tomography 2 macular map only. Exclusion criteria were diabetes, any macular pathology and unreadable optical coherence tomography or angiogram. The angiograms were divided into three groups according to the edema intensity: Group I: level 0 (absence of angiographic pseudophakic macular edema); group II: levels 1 and 2 (incomplete and complete perifoveal angiographic pseudophakic macular edema respectively) and group III: levels 3 and 4 (up to one disc diameter and greater than one disc diameter angiographic pseudophakic macular edema area respectively). The nine zones of the optical coherence tomography macular map were compared between the control and the three subgroups of the study group and, between group I and groups II and III. RESULTS: Among the 36 eyes, 23 (64%) were classified as group I, 10 (28%) as group II and three (8%) as group III. The mean thickness of the fovea zone was 185+/-15 microm for the control group, 189+/-24 microm for group I, 213+/-33 microm for group II and 455+/-38 microm for group III. Significant differences: between group III and the control or group I for all zones (p<0.01) and, between group II and control or group I for the fovea and temporal inner zones (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The optical coherence tomography retinal map is useful in angiographic pseudophakic macular edema diagnosis.

Adult↗