[Applications of Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical analysis].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Drug Contamination↗
Biomedical subjects
Yu Wang
Publications and source records attributed to Yu Wang.
cDNA cloning, gene organization and expression analysis of human peptidylarginine deiminase type VI.
Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) catalyzes the post-translational modification of protein through the conversion of arginine to citrulline in the presence of calcium ions. Human, similar to rodents, has four isoforms of PAD (type I, II, III and IV/V), each of which is distinct in substrate specificity and tissue specific expression. In our large-scale sequencing project, we identified a new human PAD cDNA from a human fetal brain cDNA library. The putative protein encoded by this cDNA is designated hPADVI. Expression analysis of hPADVI showed that it is mainly expressed in adult human ovary and peripheral blood leukocytes. We conclude that hPADVI may be orthologous to mouse ePAD, basing on sequence comparison, chromosome localization and exon-intron structure analysis. PAD-mediated deimination of epithelial cell keratin resulting in cytoskeletal remodeling suggests a possible role for hPADVI in cytoskeletal reorganization in the egg and in early embryo development. This study describes a new important member of the human PAD family.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis in sow mu opioid receptor gene].
Mu opioid receptor (MOR) is a member of G protein-coupled receptor family, distributed in the pain transduction region in the brain and related to emotion and behaviour. This study was designed to investigate the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of Mu opioid receptor gene in various breeds,including duroc, landrace and Yorkshire. 5' UTR (untranslate region), coding region and 3' UTR of Mu opioid receptor gene were amplified by eight pairs of primers, and the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) were detected by SSCP. Five polymorphisms were found (Genebank Accession number: AF521309). The results of chi(2) test showed that the frequencies of genotypes in different breeds were significantly different (P<0.01). The frequencies of mutation genotypes in Yorkshire were significantly higher than Duroc and Landrace. According to the above results, we can speculate the difference of the frequencies of genotypes may be the results of long term choice pressure.
3' Untranslated Regions↗
[Single nucleotide polymorphism in exon partial sequence of sow kappa opioid receptor gene].
The possibility of the Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) gene as the candidate gene affecting the stereotyped behavior traits in sows was discussed in the current study. Based on the exon partial sequence of sow KOR gene, three pairs of primers were designed to analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms to develop PCR-SSCP method in Landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc breeds. One polymorphism, found in PCR product amplified with F1/R1, was caused by a single nucleotide mutation of C to T at the position of mRNA 105 compared with the sequence published in GenBank, which was a silence mutation. The results of chi2 test showed that the frequencies of genotypes in different breeds were different significantly (P<0.01). The least square analysis between three genotypes and the stereotyped behavioral traits showed that individuals with BB genotype had significantly higher (P<0.01) still standing behaviors than those with AA and AB genotype, but no difference were found in other behavioral traits. According to the above results, we may conclude that SNP of KOR gene has effect on the still standing behavioral trait of sows.
Animals↗
[Study on transformation of snowdrop lectin gene to chrysanthemum and aphid resistance of the transgenic plants].
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in chrysanthemum was studied to prevent the insect pest of aphid (Mizus persicae). The gna gene was successfully transferred into chrysanthemum by leaf dish, and 93 transgenic clones were obtained. The highest transformation frequency 11.21% was achieved on the optimization facts, which were medium YEB with pH5.6, bacterial concentration OD600 = 0.4, precultivation for one day, cocultivation for four days, the cocultivation media supplemented with GA3 0.5 mg/L and leaf explants growed for 45 days. The results from PCR and FQ-PCR analysis confirmed that gna gene was integrated into the genome of chrysanthemum plants. The insect bioassay with aphid showed that the aphid resistance of different transgenic plants was difference, and the rate of aphid population inhibition of them were from 10% to 84% with an average rate of 39.4%. The leaf-extracts from different transgenic plants showed varying actinties in red-blood cell bioassay.
Animals↗
[Construction of recombinant replication competent plasmids containing HBV genome with mutations of precore and basic core promoter].
OBJECTIVE: To construct a series of recombinant replication competent plasmids of hepatitis B virus (HBV) full-length genome with varying mutations of precore and basic core promoter. METHODS: The plasmid containing the entire HBV (1.2 copies) genome was used to construct objective plasmids. The objective competent vectors were constructed by molecular cloning and PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis in vitro and confirmed with sequence analysis. After introducing the plasmids into hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh7) by calcium phosphate transfection, the culture supernatant was collected to detect HBsAg and HBV DNA to analyze viral replication and expression. RESULTS: Ten competent vectors with varying precore and basic core promoter mutations were constructed. After transfecting into Huh7, the vectors replicated and secreted viral particles. CONCLUSIONS: Ten full-length competent HBV recombinants were obtained, which were harbouring varying mutations within precore and basic core promoter.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
[SERS spectra of vitamin A acid in silver solution].
Vitamin A acid (VAA) was firstly dissolved in chloroform, and then the organic solution containing the samples was mixed with silver sol at the desired concentration. After sufficient shaking, collect SERS spectra of VAA with silver sol layer solution. The attribution of the peaks was illustrated by comparing SERS spectra with NR (Normal Raman) spectra, and the mechanism and orientation of adsorption were also discussed according to the peaks which was absent in NR spectrum but observed in SERS spectrum. To verify the feasibility of the method for the quantitative analysis, SER spectra at different concentration of VAA were collected. The intensities measured with the band at 1583 cm(-1) were plotted as a function of concentration. It was found that an effective limit for the detection of VAA could be as low as to 1.0 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1), the calibration curve was linear in the range from 1.0 x 10(-6)-5 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1). The proposed method has the potential to quantitative assay of the drugs having SERS effects but undissolvable in water.
Pharmaceutical Solutions↗
[Spectrophotometry determination of trace selenium(IV) in Chinese herbal medicine by catalytic kinetics. I. RDB and potassium bromate].
Trace Se(IV) can catalyze the discolouring oxidizing reaction of RDB with potassium bromate in nitric acid medium, and the conditions of kinetics has been studied in detail. A new method of kinetics spectrophotometry for determination of trace (IV) is established. The sensitivity of the method is 0.905 microg x L(-1). The range of measurement is 0-9.6 microg x L(-1). The method has been used for determining trace Se(IV) in Chinese herbal medicine with satisfactory results.
Bromates↗
[Cationic liposomes enhance the inhibitory effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on hepatitis B virus].
OBJECTIVE: To study the interaction between 3beta-[N-(N', N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (DC-chol), a cationic lipid, and antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (asODN), and the cytotoxicity to HepG(2) 2.2.15 cells and the inhibitory effects of asODN cationic liposomes on hepatitis B virus. METHODS: Extract efficiency was used to estimate the interaction between DC-chol and asODN under different conditions; MTT was applied to examine the infection of DC-chol concentration on the cytotoxicity of treated cells; By ELISA technology, we examined the contents of HBsAg, and HBeAg in the culture medium, and evaluated the accelerate efficiency of neutral liposome and cationic liposomes to the inhibitory effects of asODN on hepatitis B virus, and the infection of charge ratio on the inhibitory effects of asODN cationic liposomes. RESULTS: When the charge ratio >0.6, DC-chol could efficiently extract the asODN from the aqueous phase; The alkaline condition and the presence of Na(+), Cl(-) ions prevented the efficient interaction between DC-chol and the asODN; DC-chol cationic liposomes had some toxicity to HepG(2) 2.2.15 cells, at low concentration (0.84-26.94 mg x L(-1)), and the toxicity of DC/chol was linear with the concentration of DC/chol; Within 1.25-5.00 micromol x L(-1), the inhibition efficacy of asODN was correlated to its concentration; liposomes could enhance the inhibition efficacy of asODN on hepatitis B virus, and cationic liposomes could enhance much more (from 60% to 95%). CONCLUSION: Surface-modified DC-chol cationic liposomes can efficiently enhance the anti-hepatitis B virus efficiency of asODN in vitro.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
A macrophage inflammatory protein homolog encoded by guinea pig cytomegalovirus signals via CC chemokine receptor 1.
Cytomegaloviruses encode homologs of cellular immune effector proteins, including chemokines (CKs) and CK receptor-like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Sequence of the guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) genome identified an open reading frame (ORF) which predicted a 101 amino acid (aa) protein with homology to the macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) subfamily of CC (beta) CKs, designated GPCMV-MIP. To assess functionality of this CK, recombinant GPCMV-MIP was expressed in HEK293 cells and assayed for its ability to bind to and functionally interact with a variety of GPCRs. Specific signaling was observed with the hCCR1 receptor, which could be blocked with hMIP -1alpha in competition experiments. Migration assays revealed that GPCMV-MIP was able to induce chemotaxis in hCCR1-L1.2 cells. Antisera raised against a GST-MIP fusion protein immunoprecipitated species of approximately 12 and 10 kDa from GPCMV-inoculated tissue culture lysates, and convalescent antiserum from GPCMV-infected animals was immunoreactive with GST-MIP by ELISA assay. These results represent the first substantive in vitro characterization of a functional CC CK encoded by a cytomegalovirus.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
A C-terminal PDZ motif in NHE3 binds NHERF-1 and enhances cAMP inhibition of sodium-hydrogen exchange.
NHERF-1, a protein adapter containing two tandem PDZ domains, was first identified as an essential cofactor required for the phosphorylation and downregulation of NHE3 activity in response to elevated intracellular cAMP. NHERF-1 contains multiple protein interaction domains, but the mechanism by which it binds NHE3 remains unknown. Yeast two-hybrid analyses demonstrated that the C-terminal sequence, STHM, of NHE3 constitutes a PDZ motif critical for its association with NHERF-1. In this assay, NHE3 bound both PDZ-I and PDZ-II when presented as isolated domains, but mutations of the individual PDZ domains in the full-length NHERF-1 suggested a significant preference of NHE3 for the PDZ-II domain. To investigate NHERF-1/NHE3 association in cells, NHERF-1 complexes were isolated from PS120 cells expressing hexahistidine-tagged NHERF-1 and NHE3 using nickel-NTA-agarose. In these experiments, mutating the C-terminal PDZ motif still allowed NHE3 binding to NHERF-1, suggesting the presence of additional mechanisms or components that stabilized a cellular NHE3/NHERF-1 complex. Transport assays in PS120 cells, however, showed that the C-terminal PDZ motif in NHE3 and a functional PDZ-II domain in NHERF-1 were required for maximal inhibition of sodium-hydrogen exchange in response to forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP. Together, the data suggested that the PDZ interaction between the NHE3 C-terminus and a NHERF-1 PDZ domain enhanced the regulation of sodium-hydrogen exchange by cAMP-elevating hormones.
Amino Acid Motifs↗
Chirality transfer from guest chiral metal complexes to inorganic framework: the role of hydrogen bonding.
The structure elucidation of a new zinc phosphate [Co(II)(en)(3)][Zn(4)(H(2)PO(4))(3)(HPO(4))(2)(PO(4))(2 H(2)O)(2)] (1) reveals that the racemic cobalt complex templates the zinc phosphate framework in such a way that the local C(2) point symmetry of the structural motif of the inorganic framework conforms with that of the cobalt complex pairing with it, in essence transferring its chirality to the inorganic host. An analysis of hydrogen bonding between the guest molecules and the inorganic host framework reveals that hydrogen bonding is responsible for the stereospecific structural arrangement. Upon examining previously reported chiral metal-complex-templated structures of metal phosphates, it is revealed that such hydrogen bonding is the common origin for inducing chirality transfer in metal-phosphate frameworks templated with chiral metal complexes. Crystal data of 1: orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a=10.4787(8) A, b=20.0091(14) A, c=14.9594(10) A, and Z=2.
Journal Article↗
A circadian clock in the fish retina regulates dopamine release via activation of melatonin receptors.
Although many biochemical, morphological and physiological processes in the vertebrate retina are controlled by a circadian (24 h) clock, the location of the clock and how the clock alters retinal function are unclear. For instance, several observations have suggested that dopamine, a retinal neuromodulator, may play an important role in retinal rhythmicity but the link between dopamine and a clock located within or outside the retina remains to be established. We found that endogenous dopamine release from isolated goldfish retinae cultured in continuous darkness for 56 h clearly exhibited a circadian rhythm with high values during the subjective day. The continuous presence of melatonin (1 nM) in the culture medium abolished the circadian rhythm of dopamine release and kept values constantly low and equal to the night-time values. The selective melatonin antagonist luzindole (1 microM) also abolished the dopamine rhythm but the values were high and equal to the daytime values. Melatonin application during the late subjective day introduced rod input and reduced cone input to fish cone horizontal cells, a state usually observed during the subjective night. In contrast, luzindole application during the subjective night decreased rod input and increased cone input. Prior application of dopamine or spiperone, a selective dopamine D(2)-like antagonist, blocked the above effects of melatonin and luzindole, respectively. These findings indicate that a circadian clock in the vertebrate retina regulates dopamine release by the activation of melatonin receptors and that endogenous melatonin modulates rod and cone pathways through dopamine-mediated D(2)-like receptor activation.
Animals↗
[[Zn2(HPO4)4][Co(dien)2]].H3O: a zinc phosphate with multidirectional intersecting helical channels.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Journal Article↗
NHERF-1 is required for renal adaptation to a low-phosphate diet.
The sodium-dependent renal phosphate transporter (Npt2, Na-Pi IIa) is the major regulated phosphate transporter in the renal proximal convoluted tubule. Npt2 associates with a number of PDZ-containing proteins including Na+H+ exchanger regulatory factor-1 (NHERF-1). To determine whether NHERF-1 is involved in the acute regulation of phosphate transport, wild-type and NHERF-1 (-/-) mice were stabilized on a high-phosphate diet and then acutely changed to a low-phosphate diet. At 24 h after the change to a low-phosphate diet, there was a significant decrease in the urinary excretion of phosphate in both groups but the urinary excretion of phosphate in NHERF-1 (-/-) mice was significantly higher than in wild-type animals (1,097 +/- 356 vs. 255 +/- 54 ng/min, P < 0.05). Renal mRNA levels and total cellular Npt2 protein did not differ between the animal groups or in response to the changes in diet. Renal brush-border membrane (BBM) expression of Npt2 protein, however, was lower in NHERF-1 (-/-) mice compared with wild-type. In addition, with both the high- and low-phosphate diets, there was increased detection of Npt2 in submicrovillar domains that were particularly prominent in NHERF-1 (-/-) mice compared with wild-type animals. On the other hand, a change from a low-phosphate diet to a high-phosphate diet was associated with a similar increase in the urinary excretion of phosphate in wild-type and NHERF-1 (-/-) animals. These experiments demonstrate that full renal adaptation to a low-phosphate diet requires NHERF-1, which serves to increase BBM expression of Npt2.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Ca2+-dependent activation of Rho and Rho kinase in membrane depolarization-induced and receptor stimulation-induced vascular smooth muscle contraction.
Ca2+ sensitization of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction involves Rho-dependent and Rho-kinase-dependent suppression of myosin phosphatase activity. We previously demonstrated that excitatory agonists in fact induce activation of RhoA in VSM. In this study, we demonstrate a novel Ca2+-dependent mechanism for activating RhoA in rabbit aortic VSM. High KCl-induced membrane depolarization as well as noradrenalin stimulation induced similar extents of sustained contraction in rabbit VSM. Both stimuli also induced similar extents of time-dependent, sustained increases in the amount of an active GTP-bound form of RhoA. Consistent with this, the Rho kinase inhibitors HA1077 and Y27632 inhibited both contraction and the 20-kDa myosin light chain phosphorylation induced by KCl as well as noradrenalin, with similar dose-response relations. Either removal of extracellular Ca2+ or the addition of a dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonist totally abolished KCl-induced Rho stimulation and contraction. The calmodulin inhibitor W7 suppressed KCl-induced Rho activation and contraction. Ionomycin mimicked W7-sensitive Rho activation. The expression of dominant-negative N19RhoA suppressed Ca2+-induced Thr695 phosphorylation of the 110-kDa regulatory subunit of myosin phosphatase and phosphorylation of myosin light chain in VSM cells. Finally, either the combination of extracellular Ca2+ removal and depletion of the intracellular Ca2+ store or the addition of W7 greatly reduced noradrenalin-induced and the thromboxane A2 analogue-induced Rho stimulation and contraction. Taken together, these results indicate the existence of the thus-far unrecognized Ca2+-dependent Rho stimulation mechanism in VSM. Excitatory receptor agonists are suggested to use this pathway for simulating Rho.
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
Responsiveness of experimental prostate carcinoma bone tumors to neutron or photon radiation combined with cytokine therapy.
PURPOSE: To improve the outcome of radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma bone tumors, we investigated bone tumor irradiation with photons or neutrons followed by interleukin 2 (IL-2) therapy in a tumor model. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Implantation of PC-3 cells in nude mouse femur cavity induced a bone tumor that progressed to the formation of a palpable tumor, at the hip joint, by Day 20. Established bone tumors were irradiated with photons or neutrons, and a day later, mice were treated with IL-2 therapy for 3 weekly cycles. RESULTS: PC-3 bone tumors responded to radiation with photons or neutrons in a dose-dependent manner. Combination of photon or neutron radiation with IL-2 therapy increased tumor growth delay, compared to that with photons or neutrons alone. Radiation alone or combined with IL-2 significantly increased mouse survival compared to that with IL-2 or no treatment. After combined therapy, a complete inhibition of bone tumor growth was observed in 45% to 50% of the mice. Histologically, the combined therapy resulted in greater tumor destruction associated with fibrosis, new bone formation, and inflammatory infiltrates than that observed with each modality alone. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of tumor irradiation with neutrons or photons was enhanced by IL-2 therapy for the treatment of prostate carcinoma bone tumors.
Animals↗
[Clinical and virological course of dual infection by hepatitis B and C viruses in China].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and virological course of dual infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in China. METHODS: We enrolled 40 patients with chronic HBV and HCV dual infection (Group BC), 16 patients with chronic single HBV infection (Group B) and 31 patients with chronic single HCV infection (Group C). They infected HBV and/or HCV during 1982 to 1989. The sera of all the 87 patients were collected in 1994 and 2002 respectively. We detected biochemical and virologic markers and quantitative serum HCV DNA and HCV RNA levels of all the patients. The B-type ultrasound detecting was performed in some patients. RESULTS: In Group BC, 67.5% of the patients have cleared HBsAg, and 92.5% of the patients have cleared HBeAg. The clearance rate of HBV DNA was 87.5%. There was no significant difference of HBV clearance between Group BC and Group B. In Group BC, the clearance rate of HBV-RNA was 87.5%, significantly higher than those in Group C. Less than 40% of the patients in all groups have elevated liver enzyme values. The highest value of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 218 u/L (normal range for ALT 0 - 40 u/L). In most patients the ultrasonogram presentations were changed mildly. CONCLUSION: The clinical presentation of patients with HBV/HCV coinfection seemed mild and occult. High clearance of HBV, easy to clear HBV in male patient was the characteristics of infection by HBV in adult time in China. HBV could inhibit HCV replication, but no evidence could be found in our data that HCV could suppress HBV replication.
Adult↗