PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Yuri A Saito

Publications and source records attributed to Yuri A Saito.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Is there an association between GNbeta3-C825T genotype and lower functional gastrointestinal disorders?

BACKGROUND & AIMS: GNbeta3 influences G-protein translation of a majority of ligand-receptor activations. It has been reported that functional dyspepsia (FD) is associated with homozygous genotypes of the C825T polymorphism in the GNbeta3 gene. It is unknown whether the GNbeta3 genotype is associated with lower functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). We aimed to compare the prevalence of the different GNbeta3-C825T genotypes in patients with lower FGID and healthy controls and to test the associations of these genetic variations with subgroups of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional abdominal pain (FAP), lower FGID-FD overlap, and high somatic symptom scores. METHODS: GNbeta3-C825T polymorphism was analyzed in DNA from blood samples of 233 patients with lower FGID and 152 healthy controls. A validated bowel questionnaire characterized the FGID phenotype: 82 with IBS constipation, 94 with IBS diarrhea, 38 with IBS alternating bowel function, and 19 with FAP. There were 159 patients with lower FGID and overlap FD using Rome II criteria. Regression analyses assessed associations of the GNbeta3 genotypes with lower FGID as a group, and subgroups of FGID and somatic symptom scores. RESULTS: GNbeta3-C825T genotype distributions were similar between healthy controls (50.7% CC, 40.8% TC) and patients with lower FGID (8.6% TT, 51.5% CC, 40.8% TC, and 7.7% TT). There were no significant associations of GNbeta3-C825T polymorphism with lower FGID overall or with the separate symptom subgroups including IBS, FAP, lower FGID-FD overlap, or high somatic symptom scores. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the reported association with FD, GNbeta3-C825T polymorphism is not associated significantly with lower FGID, with different IBS or FAP phenotypes, or lower FGID-FD overlap.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Case-control genetic association studies in gastrointestinal disease: review and recommendations.

As our knowledge of genetic variation grows, our ability to use this information to unravel the mysteries of human disease expands. Identification of genes and inexpensive methods to sequence them has resulted in a rising interest in evaluating specific variants and whether they may result in clinical manifestations or symptoms. Genetic variants include restriction fragment length polymorphisms, variable number tandem repeats, DNA microsatellites, and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Using these variants, genetic association studies, also referred to as candidate gene association or genotype-disease association studies are being performed by clinical and basic researchers alike. They are relatively easy to perform, but as a result of their deceivingly simple design, can be conducted or interpreted poorly. A positive association between a genotype and a GI disease of interest may be because the genotype causes (or increases susceptibility to) the disease, but may also be the result of the genotype being in linkage disequilibrium with the actual disease susceptibility gene, or be a false positive due to chance or bias in study design. An excellent understanding of the genetic and methodological issues surrounding these studies is therefore essential. We provide an overview of terminology and provide insight into the complexities underlying these studies. Recommendations for reporting the results of a genetic association study are provided to assist with study planning and manuscript preparation.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2006

Clinical application of pharmacogenetics in gastrointestinal diseases.

As knowledge of the human genome grows, there will be a direct impact on the management of specific diseases. Within gastroenterology and hepatology, there has been a change in the understanding of how variations or mutations in genes involved in drug metabolism or disease pathophysiology affect response to therapy. This review discusses the application of clinical pharmacogenetics to the following diseases and disorders: inflammatory bowel disease, Helicobacter pylori infections, gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, liver transplantation and colon cancer. Although only a few genotyping tests are regularly used in clinical practice, it is anticipated that studies will propel the routine use of many of the tests described in this review, in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The genetics of irritable bowel syndrome.

Because of the heterogeneity in symptoms and diagnostic findings, patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remain a challenge to treat and to study. This difficulty stems from lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of this disorder. Environmental factors likely play an important role in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of IBS. Several recent studies suggest a genetic basis for IBS, either in etiology or predicting response to therapy. Because of interest in studying the genetic contributors to this and other functional gastrointestinal disorders, we review the literature on genetic risk factors that might explain the familial clustering of IBS. Familial aggregation studies and twin studies suggest a modest contribution of genetics to the development of IBS. Pharmacogenomic and association studies provide stronger, although far from conclusive, evidence for genetic variants that affect expression of IBS. Together, these studies suggest that a multidisciplinary approach with clinical and psychological tools, epidemiologic methods, and genetic techniques might help elucidate the molecular components leading to the common symptoms of IBS and result in better treatments for those with IBS.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Diet and functional gastrointestinal disorders: a population-based case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Diet has been implicated to play a role in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in clinic-based studies. No population-based data comparing food and nutrient consumption between individuals with FGID and without gastrointestinal symptoms are available. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary consumption of specific food items and nutrients between individuals with FGID and without symptoms in a population-based sample. METHODS: A validated self-report Bowel Disease Questionnaire was mailed to an age- and gender-stratified random sample of participants aged 20-50 yr from Olmsted County, Minnesota. All patients who reported either FGID symptoms (irritable bowel or dyspepsia) or no gastrointestinal symptoms were invited to undergo a blinded physician interview and physical exam and to complete a validated Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire. Wilcoxon rank sum tests and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In total, 222 of the 260 eligible (85%) subjects participated and 218 provided diet data: 99 were FGID cases and 119 were healthy controls. Cases and controls consumed similar number of servings per week of wheat-containing foods, lactose-containing foods, caffeinated drinks, and fructose-sweetened beverages. Cases were slightly more likely to consume >or=7 servings per week of norepinephrine- and epinephrine-containing foods (57%vs 45%, p= 0.10), but not serotonin- or tryptophan-containing foods. No differences were observed for amount of intake of calories, fiber, protein, iron, calcium, niacin, and vitamins C, D, E, niacin, B(1), B(2), B(6), and B(12). Cases reported consuming more fat (median, 33%vs 31%) and less carbohydrates (median, 49%vs 52%) than controls. CONCLUSIONS: No differences were seen in the consumption of frequently suspected "culprit" foods between community residents with and without FGID symptoms. While symptoms may be due to food sensitivity rather than altered diet composition, the role of fat and perhaps norepinephrine and epinephrine in foods in gut symptoms needs to be studied further.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Effects of multidisciplinary education on outcomes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The impact of education on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not well known. This study evaluated the effect of a onetime group education program on patient-based outcomes in IBS. METHODS: All adults referred by Mayo Clinic physicians to the Gastroenterology Division with a diagnosis of IBS between May 1997 and March 1998 were asked to participate. Questionnaires were administered at baseline and 6 months. Symptom resolution, change in pain severity, quality of life, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile score, overall patient satisfaction, and health care utilization were compared among those patients who attended the multidisciplinary class and those who did not. RESULTS: Of the 506 patients approached, 403 (80%) agreed to participate. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed in 344 patients (85%) on chart review; 211 patients (61%) subsequently completed a follow-up questionnaire. Overall, 29% of class attendees who met Rome criteria for IBS at baseline no longer met Rome criteria at follow-up, compared with 7% of nonattendees. By multivariate analysis, class attendance predicted higher odds of not meeting Rome criteria at follow-up in individuals meeting Rome criteria at baseline (odds ratio, 7.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-64.41) than in nonattendees, but the opposite effect was seen with class attendance in those not meeting Rome criteria at baseline. This interaction between baseline Rome status and class attendance was significant (P < 0.05). Class attendance was associated with improvement in Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile scores (P < 0.05) but not with change in pain, quality of life, satisfaction, or health care utilization. CONCLUSIONS: A onetime, multidisciplinary class for patients with IBS was associated with improvement in symptoms and health-promoting lifestyle behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome in North America: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to systematically review published literature about the prevalence, incidence, and natural history of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in North America. METHODS: A computer-assisted search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Current Contents/Science Edition databases was performed independently by two investigators. Study selection criteria included: 1) North American population-based sample of adults; 2) objective diagnostic criteria for IBS (i.e., Rome or Manning criteria); and 3) publication in full manuscript form in English. Eligible articles were reviewed in a duplicate and independent manner. Data extracted were converted into individual tables and presented in descriptive form. RESULTS: The prevalence of IBS in North America ranges from 3% to 20%, with most prevalence estimates ranging from 10% to 15%. The prevalences of diarrhea-predominant and constipation-predominant IBS are both approximately 5%. Published prevalence estimates by gender range from 2:1 female predominance to a ratio of 1:1. Constipation-predominant IBS is more common in female individuals. The prevalence of IBS varies minimally with age. No true population-based incidence studies or natural history studies were found. In one cohort surveyed on two occasions 1 yr apart, 9% of subjects who were free of IBS at baseline reported IBS at follow-up producing an onset rate of 67 per 1000 person-years. In all, 38% of patients meeting criteria for IBS did not meet IBS criteria at 1-yr follow-up. CONCLUSION: Approximately 30 million people in North America meet the diagnostic criteria for IBS. However, data about the natural history of IBS is quite sparse and renewed efforts should be focused at developing appropriately designed trials of the epidemiology of IBS.

Age Distribution↗