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Biomedical subjects

Yurinosuke Kitabayashi

Publications and source records attributed to Yurinosuke Kitabayashi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Regional cerebral blood flow changes associated with interoceptive awareness in the recovery process of anorexia nervosa.

BACKGROUND: An abnormality in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients has been reported. There are very few studies that have investigated the rCBF changes in the recovery process of AN. METHODS: For eight female AN patients, we performed (123)I-IMP single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and four psychological assessments (Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), Eating Attitude Test (EAT), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)) both before and after inpatient-behavioral therapy. SPECT images were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping software. We also performed correlational analysis between rCBF and clinical variables. RESULTS: Following treatment, the patients showed significant body weight recovery. They showed significant improvement in EAT, SDS, STAI and a subscale of EDI - interoceptive awareness (IA) - but not in total EDI or other EDI subscales. Significant rCBF increases were observed in the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) by the treatment. Significant correlation was observed between rCBF of right DLPFC and IA score before treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Changes of rCBF in right DLPFC, ACC, MPFC, PCC and precuneus were related to the AN recovery process and might be associated with improvement of IA following treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Regional cerebral blood flow changes in a patient with delusional parasitosis before and after successful treatment with risperidone: a case report.

The pathophysiology and appropriate pharmacological interventions for delusional parasitosis (DP) remain unknown. Here, we present a case of DP following brain infarction of the right temporoparietal region. Pharmacotherapy with risperidone resulted in a dramatic therapeutic response over a short period. In a sequential N-isopropyl-p-[(123)I]-iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography ([(123)I]-IMP SPECT) study, post-treatment SPECT images revealed a marked increase of rCBF in the large areas including the bilateral frontal and left temporoparietal regions, the right parietal operculum and the bilateral basal ganglia, in contrast to pre-treatment SPECT images showing a global decrease of rCBF. Our clinical outcome suggests the efficacy and safety of risperidone for treatment of DP and that both dopaminergic and serotonergic dysfunction may play a role in DP. Our sequential SPECT findings suggest that psychiatric improvement of DP is associated with increased rCBF.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed2006

Body mass index among Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have emphasized the high frequency of obesity in schizophrenic patients. However, the characteristics of the Body Mass Index (BMI) distribution in Japanese schizophrenic patients remain unknown, and the aim of this study was to clarify these characteristics in a Japanese schizophrenic inpatient population. METHODS: The subjects were 273 inpatients (males: 141, females: 132) with schizophrenia. The patient BMI distribution was compared with normal control data obtained from the 2003 Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey. RESULTS: The mean patient BMI was 23.0 +/- 4.3, and the BMI showed a normal distribution. The proportion of patients who were obese, of normal weight and underweight was 30.8%, 53.1%, and 16.1%, respectively. No statistical evidence of a higher frequency of obesity was found in male patients, compared to normal controls, but a higher frequency of underweight patients and a lower frequency of normal-weight patients were apparent in most decades of age. In female schizophrenia patients, a higher prevalence of obesity occurred in patients aged 50-59 years old, compared to controls. A higher rate of underweight elderly patients and a lower rate of normal-weight patients aged 40 to more than 70 years old were also apparent. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that not only obesity but also weight problems related to an underweight condition occur more frequently in Japanese schizophrenic inpatients than in normal controls. The deviation of the BMI distribution in Japanese schizophrenic inpatients may have a relationship with higher mortality and sudden death in schizophrenia.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2006

Effect of institutional smoking prohibition on Japanese inpatients with chronic schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: A higher prevalence of smoking among schizophrenic patients has been well documented in Japan and other countries. Smoking reduction or cessation is desirable to reduce various physical complications in schizophrenic patients, but the effect of smoking reduction on psychiatric status and BMI remains ambiguous. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an institutional smoking prohibition on smoking status, psychiatric status and BMI in Japanese inpatients with schizophrenia. METHOD: Smoking status, psychiatric status (Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores: global severity score and global change score) and BMI were investigated in 256 chronic schizophrenic inpatients before and 3 months after prohibition of smoking in a Japanese psychiatric hospital building. RESULTS: Following prohibition, the smoking rate decreased from 36.3% to 22.2%. A weak positive correlation was found between decreased cigarette consumption and the CGI global change score (r=0.140, p=0.025), but the mean global change scores in the smoking groups were less than 6 (minimally worse). No significant increase in BMI was observed. CONCLUSION: Institutional smoking prohibition is effective in reducing the smoking rate, while having only a minor unfavorable effect on psychiatric status and BMI in chronic schizophrenic inpatients.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2005

Anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease: association with patient characteristics, psychiatric symptoms and cognitive deficits.

Anosognosia is one of the major problems in the treatment and care of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The aim of the study was to determine the patient characteristics, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive deficits associated with anosognosia, because these are currently poorly understood. Eighty-four patients who met the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disease and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for probable AD were examined for anosognosia based on the difference between questionnaire scores of the patient and their caregiver. The relationship of anosognosia with patient characteristics (age, age at onset, duration of illness, education, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Hyogo Activities of Daily Living Scale (HADLS)), psychiatric symptoms (Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)), and cognitive function (Digit Span, Word Fluency Test, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test, Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices Test) were studied. Anosognosia showed positive correlations with age, age at onset, duration of illness, CDR, HADLS, and NPI disinhibition, and negative correlations with MMSE and GDS. Regarding cognitive function, only Part III of the Stroop Test was a predictor of anosognosia. The severity of anosognosia increased with disease progression and with a later age at onset. Subjective complaints of depression requiring self-monitoring of mood tended to decrease and, in contrast, inhibition of socially unsuitable behavior became more difficult as anosognosia worsened. Regarding cognitive function, anosognosia appeared to be associated with response inhibition impairment. Both disinhibition, as a psychiatric symptom, and response inhibition impairment are known to be correlated with disturbance of orbitofrontal function, which therefore may be associated with anosognosia.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Case of prolonged alcohol withdrawal syndrome accompanied with hyperthyroidsim.

Hyperthyroidism is associated with increased psychiatric morbidity. It may alter the clinical course of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. We report a 69 year old man who presented prolonged alcohol withdrawal syndrome associated with hyperthyroidism. Initially, he developed typical alcohol withdrawal syndrome including tremor, disorientation, delirium and visual hallucination of small animals. Thyroid function tests revealed a free triiodothyronine (T3) of 6.1 pg/dl (range, 3.0 to 5.8), a free thyroxine (T4) of 2.3 ng/dl (range, 0.85 to 2.15) and a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of 0.003 microU/ml (range, 0.3 to 4.0), and thiamazole was administered. Even after a month, he continuously presented persecutory delusion, auditory hallucination and cognitive dysfunction. Although these symptoms did not respond to the medication including antipsychotics, they totally passed away after the thyroid function reached down to the normal level (free T3 3.0 pg/ml, free T4 1.1 ng/dl, TSH 0.004 microU/ml). In addition, cognitive function was recovered to the normal level as he scored 28/30 on the Mini Mental State Examination. We propose that hyperthyroidism contributed to the occurrence of psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Case report of pentazocine dependence from a standpoint of the cognitive therapy].

Drug dependence is a social problem of over the world and resistant to medical intervention by psychiatrist as well as general clinicians. In Japan, methamphetamine dependence is one of the most critical social problems, but opioid dependence is relatively rare. Pentazocine was called the non-addictive opioid at the time of development and release and there are few reports of its dependence. We experienced a medical worker with pentazocine dependence. He started to use pentazocine to reduce serious migraine and felled into dependence by changing the purpose to relaxation of stammering fear and strain towards other people. He was successfully treated by cognitive therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Changes of serotonergic neurons induced by low dose nicotine in rat forebrain].

Nicotine has been reported to exert several biological and pharmacological activities in central nervous system. There are many studies on the relationship between dopaminergic neurons and nicotine dependence. However, the relevance between nicotine and serotonergic neurons on dependence remains unknown. We demonstrate here that the effect of continuous low dose nicotine administration on setoronergic neurons (5-HT) immunoreactive fibers and terminals were increased in nicotine (0.5 mg/kg/day, 28 days) treated rat forebrain including anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus. These results indicate that low dose nicotine, levels of smoking, may be related the developing the dependence of nicotine via the changes of 5-HT neurons in forebrain.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Change in body image of patients with alcohol dependence during treatment process].

In order to find useful information for the establishment of new treatment method to alcohol dependence, we investigated the change of the body image of patients with alcohol dependence before and after the treatment. HABIT (Haga Body Image Test), a questionnaire about body image developed in department of psychiatry in Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, was used to examine the change of body image between pre- and post-3-month conventional treatment program in 46 patients with alcohol dependence hospitalized into special institutions for treatment of the disease in Kyoto. Patients with poor outcome of the treatment showed improvement of body image on visceral function, feeling of appetite and outward appearance, while patients with good outcome indicated no significant change in these aspects. This finding likely suggests that the treatment would result in good outcome in patients having stable feeling of physical health, and the cognitive treatment approach about these aspects of body image should be performed on the patients with poor treatment outcome. On the other hand, the body image about motor function showed significantly higher score in the patients approach for the patients with poor outcome to become aware of their physical activity would be effective.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Cerebral blood flow changes in general paresis following penicillin treatment: a longitudinal single photon emission computed tomography study.

Three cases of general paresis were successfully treated with high-dose penicillin. In all cases, cerebrospinal fluid cell counts decreased to normal and mental status improved rapidly. Cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations decreased and IQ scores and overall levels of functioning improved gradually over 1 year. Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes were analyzed longitudinally for 1 year using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Autoradiography method and region of interest (ROI) analyses were used for quantitative CBF assessment and 3D stereotactic surface projections (3D-SSP) analyses were used for qualitative CBF pattern assessment. 3D-SSP could not reveal remarkable CBF pattern changes through the courses. The ROI analyses showed remarkable CBF decreases in all brain regions 1 month after the treatment, which recovered to normal levels 1 year after the treatment. These results suggest that remarkable decreases of quantitative CBF counts reflect the disappearance of encephalitis, while their gradual recovery reflects the gradual improvement of cerebral functional activity. As Treponema pallidum infection affects whole brain and CBF changes globally, quantitative CBF assessment may be more efficient than qualitative CBF pattern analyses for the purpose of understanding the pathophysiology of general paresis.

Brain↗