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Biomedical subjects

Z Adamis

Publications and source records attributed to Z Adamis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Study of inflammatory responses to crocidolite and basalt wool in the rat lung.

The subacute effects of crocidolite and basalt wool dusts were studied by nmeans of biochemical, morphological. and histological methods 1 and .3 mo after intrabronchial instillation. The cell count, protein and phospholipid contents, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Both types of fibers induced a prolonged inflammatory reaction in the lung. All the parameters studied in the experimental groups were more markedly elevated after 3 mo. Relative to the control, the protein and LDH values were increased three- to fivefold, the phospholipid content twofold, and the number of free cells in the BAL exceeded the control level up to ninefold. The inflammatory responses to crocidolite and basalt wool in the lung did not differ significantly. In spite of this, basalt wool is recoinmended as an asbestos substitute, as the use of this man-nade fiber may result in a significantly lower release of dust than that from crocidolite.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effects of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate on type II pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro.

Dithiocarbamates (DDTC) are chemicals widely used in the form of pesticides, therapeutic and chelating agents, and scavengers. Since DDTC interfere with SH, Cu, and Zn enzymes due to chelating properties, it was of interest to clarify, in primary culture of type II alveolar pneumocytes, the effect of this compound upon enzymes of glutathione cycle, Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase, and the membrane structure of cells. DDTC significantly inhibited the activity of superoxide dismutase and the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, glutathione reductase, and alkaline phosphatase, whereas an increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase was found. The membranes of pneumocytes type II were injured. Data show that DDTC adversely affected type II pneumocyte function and structure.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed2000

Characterisation of lectin binding patterns of mouse bronchiolar and rat alveolar epithelial cells in culture.

Lung epithelial cell differentiation pathways remain unclear. This is due in part to the plasticity of these cells and the lack of markers which accurately reflect their differentiation status. The aim of this study was to determine if lectin binding properties are useful determinants of functional differentiation status in vitro. Mouse Clara cells were cultured for 5 days. During this time, no alteration in differentiation was evident by electron microscopy. No significant alteration in binding reactivity of Bauhinia purpurea (BPA), Maclura pomifera (MPA), Concanavalin A, Wheat germ or Helix pomatia lectins occurred in cultures compared with Clara cells in mouse lung tissue. In contrast, nitrotetrazolium blue reductase activity and CC10 expression declined in culture. Rat type II cells were cultured for 8 days. Between days 0 and 4, the number of type II cells identified by electron microscopy was constant at 70-80%, decreasing to 8% by day 6. In contrast, by day 4, only 42% cells retained alkaline phosphatase activity. BPA and MPA reactivity was altered at day 0 and day 4 respectively, compared with cells in situ. Therefore, the reactivity of lectins analysed here does not reflect functional differentiation status of cultured mouse Clara cells. However, BPA and MPA reactivity may be a sensitive indicator of alterations in rat type II cell differentiation in vitro.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2000

In vitro and in vivo tests for determination of the pathogenicity of quartz, diatomaceous earth, mordenite and clinoptilolite.

The effects of samples of crystalline quartz, diatomaceous earth, mordenite and clinoptilolite were investigated in vitro (as concerns erythrocyte haemolysis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from peritoneal macrophages) and in vivo (on LDH, protein and phospholipids in rat bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and phospholipids in rat lung tissue). The respirable mineral samples were instilled intratracheally. Determinations in the BAL were carried out after 15, 60 and 180 days, and in the lung tissue after 90, 180 and 360 days. Quartz DQ and quartz FQ induced acute, subacute and chronic inflammation and progressive fibrosis. However, due to the Al2O3 contamination on the surface of the particles quartz FQ caused a delayed response in vivo. Diatomaceous earth produced acute/subacute inflammation that gradually became more moderate after 60 days. Clinoptilolite was inert, whereas the other zeolite sample, mordenite, was cytotoxic in vivo. The reason for this was presumably the needle and rod-shaped particles in the mordenite samples. The investigation revealed that different in vitro and in vivo methods canprovide valuable data concerning the pulmonary toxicity of minerals.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1999

Surface changes in type II pneumocytes isolated from rats during the cultivation.

Type II cells isolated from the rat lung were maintained in culture for 8 days. The activity of alkaline phosphatase and lectin binding properties were studied. The alkaline phosphatase activity and the number of lamellar bodies were continually decreasing during the studied time period. The profile of lectin binding (Maclura pomifera and Ricinus communis) did not change during the cultivation.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1997

A study on lung toxicity of respirable hard metal dusts in rats.

The aetiology of hard metal lung disease has not been clarified so far. The pulmonary toxicity of respirable dusts collected in a hard metal factory was studied in vivo in rats. The effect of the samples was examined 1, 4, 7 and 30 days after single intratracheal injection. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (AP), protein and phospholipid were determined in cellfree bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue. The lungs and regional lymph nodes were processed histologically. Lung toxicity of the samples collected during hard metal production varied. Samples containing considerable amount of cobalt dissolved upon acid treatment were found to induce inflammation. It has been established that the biological effect of samples of identical composition is changed by heat treatment and pre-sintering. Our examinations seem to prove that cobalt plays a prominent role in the development of pathological alterations.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The pulmonary toxicity of cinnamon dust in rats.

The histopathological effect of a single intratracheal dose of respirable cinnamon dust, cinnamon dust extract, and cellulose dust on the lungs of rats was studied sequentially one, seven days and one month after treatment. Exposure to respirable cinnamon and cellulose dusts resulted in alveobronchiolitis at the end of the first and seventh day, and fibrotic changes by the end of the first month. As the extract of cinnamon dust caused no histopathological alterations, it is assumed that the cellulose content of cinnamon dust was responsible for the histological reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

On the structural differences in the membranes between ciliated bronchial and non-ciliated lymphoepithelium in rats.

The membrane structure of bronchial ciliated epithelium and lymphoepithelium was studied in rats by lectin histochemistry. The lymphoepithelium, contrary to bronchial ciliated epithelium, did not contain terminal beta-D-galactose residues. Moreover L-fucose and beta-D-Gal (1-3)-D-GalNAc residues, being masked, could be visualized only after enzymatic digestion of terminal sialic acid. These structural differences in membranes provide a basis for the different functions of bronchial lymphoepithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Studies on the cytotoxicity of ceramic respirable dusts using in vitro and in vivo test systems.

The effect of a number of ceramic raw materials and airborne samples in workplaces has been investigated in vitro [erythrocyte haemolysis, macrophage TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride) reduction and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) activity] and in vivo (protein, LDH and phospholipid in cell-free bronchopulmonary lavage). In the in vitro experiments described we were able to distinguish between the dusts causing different types of reaction in the lung. Dusts classified as 'quartz type' in vitro were also cytotoxic in vivo. Dusts have also been divided into three groups according to their degree of hazardous nature, taking into consideration the time before an inflammatory reaction is detected and the degree of inflammatory response as characterized by biochemical parameters. One feature of the test systems which is of practical significance is that in vitro experiments require only 15 mg of dust, and in vivo experiments only 100 mg.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Biological effects of the respirable dusts from ore mines.

The biological effects of ore dusts were examined on peritoneal macrophages in vitro and on rat lung in vivo. The methylene blue adsorption of the dust samples, cytotoxicity, and phospholipid and hydroxyproline content of the lung were determined. It was realized that the examined ore samples had cytotoxic effects and from the in vitro results one can get information about the type of damage to be expected in the lung tissue. It is supposed that the examined ore dusts are less dangerous and slower acting than quartz, but they cause progressive fibrosis. The in vivo biochemical experiments do not give information about the type of damage to be expected in lung tissue; and the data on ore, bentonite, and coal do not differ from each other. To determine the typical biochemical changes caused by quartz, we obtain the most valuable information by determination of lung weight and phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, and hydroxyproline content.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Occupational exposure to organophosphorus insecticides and synthetic pyrethroid.

Dermal and respiratory exposure to pirimiphosmethyl, dimethoate and permethrin were determined for applicators and operators in greenhouse tomato spraying operations. Dermal exposure is several times higher than the degree of respiratory exposure. Dermal exposure in terms of different parts of the body shows significant differences. For applicators the exposure of hands, arms and legs is the greatest, and the operators are the most exposed on their hands and to a small extent on legs. This fact should be taken into account when providing the workers with suitable protective clothing. The carefully selected technology of spraying also has great significance in decreasing the degree of exposure. Because of the chronic toxicity of dimethoate, all possible methods should be taken to reduce exposure.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Short term in vivo method for prediction of the fibrogenic effect of different mineral dusts.

The effect of intratracheal introduction of different metal and mineral dusts and the change in activity of pulmonary acidic phosphatase have been studied as a function of time (72 h, 2 weeks, 1, 12, 20 months). The activity and localization of acid phosphatase were compared with the degree of pulmonary damage caused by dusts. The degree of fibrosis was determined on the basis of the composition of cells and fibres, according to Belt and King's classification. Due to the membrane-damaging effect of DQ 12 silica and mixed dusts (enargite and porphyry rock dusts) an increase in acid phosphatase activity of macrophages could be observed at the end of the first month. At the same time non-fibrogenic or only mild fibrogenic dusts (bentonite, corundum, scarnic rock dust) caused a decrease or disappearance of tissue acid phosphatase activity. It has been stated that there is a very close correlation between the change in pulmonary acidic phosphatase activity and the progression of pulmonary fibrosis due to exposure to mineral dusts. The above investigations have been most useful in predicting the subsequent effect of rock patterns, emphasizing at the same time the importance of in vivo long term experiments.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Experimental pneumoconiosis due to dusts of ore mines. II.

The effect of dead rock dusts from a Hungarian ore mine was studied in long term experiments. Histological changes caused by intratracheally introduced respirable mixed rock patterns (Porphyry, Enargite, Scarnic grained- and drill-cuttings) were examined and compared with standard DQ12 quartz samples 3, 6, 12 and 20 months after treatment. All three dusts proved to be fibrogenic, although in different extent. In the case of Porphyry rock patterns also storage type reaction developed. In the case of Scarnic dusts chronic pneumonitis, focal condensation of the reticular network and very mild fibrosis could be observed. The described changes have confirmed that there is a close connection between the destruction of macrophages and the fibrogenic effect. The free quartz content of the dusts, the amount and ratio of "protective" metal oxides (Al-, Ca-, K-, Mg-, Na-oxides) may be responsible for the differences in the histological reaction and the progression of fibrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Comparative histopathological and biochemical analysis of early stages of exposure to non-silicogenic aluminium silicate- and strongly silicogenic quartz-dust in rats.

One group of male CFY rats was given bentonite with high aluminium silicate content, the other group was given quartz dust, intratracheally. It has been stated that between 12-72 hours after the dust-exposure, the histological reactions developing upon the effect of non-silicogenic bentonite and silicogenic quartz are identical. Similarly in both groups lipid and phospholipid content of the lung shows a slight increase; the composition of phospholipids does not alter due to the effect of the two dusts. Between 12-72 hours after the exposure to both dusts the inflammatory response characterizing the histological reaction consists mainly of leukocytes; while between 48-72 hours macrophages appear in large numbers. The dust particles are swallowed both by leukocytes and macrophages. The confluating bronchopneumonia developed at the end of the 72nd hour is characterized by necrosis. Ninety days after exposure, bentonite causes storage-focal tissue reaction and quartz produces progressive pulmonary fibrosis; due to the effect of quartz, the lipid and phospholipid content of the lung significantly increases, the ratio of phospholipid fractions alters; bentonite does not increase the amount of pulmonary lipid and phospholipid. On the basis of the strong aldehyde bisulphite-toluidine blue (ABT) positivity of the macrophages containing bentonite, it may be assumed that the bentonite particle surface has an oriented polysaccharide and/or protein coat released from necrotized leukocytes, which protects the macrophage from the strong cytotoxic (necrotizing) effect of bentonite.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Experimental pneumoconiosis due to dusts of ore mines, I.

Male CFY rats were injected into their trachea with a suspension of dust of ore mine dead rock of high quartz content and mixed composition (particle size: 0-60 micrometers). Three and six months after treatment, foreign body granulation and after twelve months a non-fibrotic diffuse lung disease was seen in the animals. After twelve months of exposure, non-specific, mature sinus histiocytosis and small focal epitheloid cell reaction were found to develop in the cervical, lung-hilar and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The histopathological changes were compared with those seen in experimental silicosis induced by DQ12 quartz. It is concluded that the hazardous effect of industrial dusts is not identical with their fibrogenic effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Studies on the effect of quartz, bentonite and coal dust mixtures on macrophages in vitro.

The effect of quartz, bentonite and coal dusts as well as the effect of the artificial mixture of these dusts on TTC reduction and extra-and intra-cellular lactate dehydrogenase activity in peritoneal rat macrophages was determined in vitro. The cell-membrane-damaging effect of quartz caused a significant extracellular release of lactate dehydrogenase. Bentonite caused no extracellular enzyme release, which leads us to believe that the biological effect of this dust is shown by decrease in intra-cellular lactate dehydrogenase activity. TTC reduction was inhibited equally by quartz and qentonite. In mixtures of quartz (60%)-bentonite (40%) dust the specific effect of quartz was inhibited by bentonite in vitro and also in vivo. We obtained the same results with coal-quartz-bentonite dust mixtures in vitro. Our experiments show that comparison of the biological effects of artificial dust mixtures and airborne dust samples is justified, and prove that performing various examinations simultaneously give fuller particulars on the probable biological effect of mineral dusts.

Animals↗