[Effect of renal transplantation on the plasmic lipid peroxidation in uraemic patients].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Z Cheng
Publications and source records attributed to Z Cheng.
[Observation on large doses of urokinase in treatment of sudden deafness].
From September 1992 to July 1997 56 cases (59 ears) of sudden deafness were treated with urokinase 20,000 unit a day for ten days. At the same time also using Papaverine hydrochloride, ATP and CoA. The effective rate of treatment was 86.44%. But for the control group of 48 cases treated with only Papavrine hydrochloride, ATP and CoA, the effective rate of treatment was 63.32%. There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). In addition, urokinase is safe and reliable in treating sudden deafness and has not be found any evident side-effect.
Adolescent↗
[Biological effect of space flight on edible fungi onboard recoverable scientific satellite].
In order to breed good variety of edible fungi and provide data of cultivation of edible fungi in Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) in the future, 2 species of the edible fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammulina velutipes )were carried into space by a recoverable scientific satellite. A series of biological tests and cultivation experiments were done with the mycelia and sporocarp of these edible fungi. It was demonstrated that the edible fungi recovered from the satellite have superior characters such as: earlier sporocarp production, higher yield, higher transformation rate of raw fiber and organic matter and higher content of polysaccharide and endogenous hormones than the control.
Abscisic Acid↗
[Effects of mitomycin C on haze after photorefractive keratectomy for myopia in rabbits].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of mitomycin C on haze after photorefractive keratectomy. METHODS: Forty-five rabbits underwent bilateral 193 nm excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy to correct 8 diopters of myopia. All eyes were allocated randomly to be treated with 0.008% mitomycin C during operation, or 0.1% dexamethasone after operation, or no medical treatment as control. Clinical and histopathologic examinations were made with slit-lamp microscope, specular microscope, light microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: At 4, 8 weeks after operation, the corneal haze was significantly less in mitomycin C group than that in the control group or in dexamethasone group, and the corneal haze was significantly less in dexamethasone group than that in the control group. At 1, 4, 8 weeks, the number of keratocyte in the anterior stroma of ablation area was significantly less in mitomycin C group than in the control group or in dexamethasone group. The difference between dexamethasone group and the control group was insignificant. The changes in time of reepithelialization, thickness of epithelium and keratocyte number of anterior stroma in ablation area were statistically insignificant among all groups. CONCLUSION: Mitomycin C can reduce corneal haze by inhibiting the proliferation of keratocyte and has no toxicity on cornea. Mitomycin C is more effective than dexamethasone on haze.
Animals↗
[Observations of characteristics of the mechanisms of biological oxidation of cell wall-deficient bacteria].
The L-forms were induced from Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus by beta-lactam antibiotics and then observations on the properties of oxygen requirement, sugar fermentation and sensitive to cyanide of the L-forms were done. The results were shown that the L-forms derived from the obligate aerobe or the facultative anaerobe did not ferment sugars and were highly oxygen-dependent and more sensitive to cyanide than their parent bacteria. The metabolic activities which were same as the parent bacteria of the L-forms would return after the L-forms reverted to the typical bacteria forms. It was possible that the changes of biological oxidation mechanism were due to the deficiency of the cell wall which led to loss of the periplasmic space or the membrane-wall interlayer so that the enzymes for fermentation existed in the space could not be hold.
Bacillus cereus↗
Repression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgene and HBV-induced liver injury by low protein diet.
Persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the primary risk factors for human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In a human ecological study, we have shown that, in addition to HBV, animal food consumption also significantly contributes to the variance of HCC. To test the interacting effect of HBV and animal food consumption on the development of HCC, we investigated HBV expression in HBV transgenic mice fed three levels of casein diet. HBV expression in transgenic animals was substantially inhibited when dietary casein was reduced from the traditional level of 22% to the level of 6%. Northern analysis revealed that suppression of HBV was derived from both the upstream albumin promoter and the internal HBV promoter. Immunochemical staining of liver sections indicated that only a few hepatocytes around the central vein expressed viral surface antigen (HBsAg) in the 6% casein animals, whereas virtually all hepatocytes stained positively for HBsAg in the 22% dietary casein animals. Serum HBsAg concentrations at 4 months were increased by 1.6-, 2.1-, and 5.1- fold over baseline for animals fed the 6%, 14%, and 22% casein diets, respectively. Correspondingly, liver injury was much less severe in animals fed 6% casein diet than in those fed 14% and 22% casein diets. These results demonstrate that a low casein diet is a potent suppresser of HBV transgene and HBV-induced liver injury, suggesting that diet management may be a practical means to aid in the control HBV infection.
Animals↗
A laser confocal microscopic study of vagal afferent innervation of rat aortic arch: chemoreceptors as well as baroreceptors.
Although the aortic nerves contain vagal afferents that terminate in both the wall of the aortic arch (putative baroreceptors) and its associated glomus tissue (putative chemoreceptors) in most mammalian species, the aortic nerves of the rat have been widely assumed to contain only baro- or pressor afferents. The present study reconsidered this anomaly by characterizing vagal afferent endings and their targets in the aortic arch region of the rat, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Eight Sprague-Dawley rats received intracranial vagal motor rhizotomy unilaterally to eliminate efferents in the nerve and then, two weeks later, injections of the tracer DiI (1,1'-dioleyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine methanesulfonate) into the ipsilateral nodose ganglion. The aortic arch and its surrounding tissue, with the common carotid and subclavian arteries attached, were examined with both conventional epifluorescence and confocal microscopes. Consistent with earlier observations, vagal afferents formed both flower-spray and end-net terminals rather diffusely within the wall of the aortic arch. More interestingly, vagal afferents also innervated glomus or SIF (i.e., small intensely fluorescent) cell bodies at the junction areas of the common carotid and subclavian arteries. To identify the course of these fibers, six additional animals received DiI injection into the nodose unilaterally after a complete cervical vagotomy caudal to the nodose; in these animals, the aortic nerve had been separated from the vagal trunk and kept intact. There were no marked differences in innervation patterns between the nonvagotomized and the cervically vagotomized animals, indicating that the vagal axons innervating the walls of the blood vessels and the SIF cells in the aortic arch region travel through the aortic nerves. Using a stereological method, we estimated the relative number of chemo- and baroreceptor afferents innervating the aortic arch. About 16.4% (left) and 13.1% (right) of fibers in the aortic nerves innervate SIF cells. These findings challenge the general consensus that the aortic nerves of rats contain exclusively baroreceptor fibers.
Animals↗
Vagal afferent innervation of the atria of the rat heart reconstructed with confocal microscopy.
We have used confocal microscopy to analyze the vagal afferent innervation of the rat heart. Afferents were labeled by injecting 1,1'-dioleyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine methanesulfonate (DiI) into the nodose ganglia of animals with prior supranodose de-efferentations, autonomic ganglia were stained with Fluoro-gold, and tissues were examined in whole mounts. Distinctively different fiber specializations were observed in the epi-, myo-, and endocardium: Afferents to the epicardium formed complexes associated with cardiac ganglia. These ganglia consisted of four major ganglionated plexuses, two on each atrium, at junctions of the major vessels with the atria. Ganglionic locations and sizes (left > right) were consistent across animals. In addition to principal neurons (PNs), significant numbers of small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells were located in each of these plexuses, and vagal afferents provided dense pericellular varicose endings around the SIF cells in each ganglionic plexus, with few if any terminations on PNs. In the myocardium, vagal afferents formed close contacts with cardiac muscles, including conduction fibers. In the endocardium, vagal fibers formed "flower-spray" and "end-net" terminals in connective tissue. With three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal optical sections, a novel polymorphism was seen: Some fibers had one or more collaterals ending as endocardial flower sprays and other collaterals ending as myocardial intramuscular endings. Some unipolar or pseudounipolar neurons within each cardiac ganglionic plexus were retrogradely labeled from the nodose ganglia. In conclusion, vagal afferents form a heterogeneity of differentiated endings in the heart, including structured elements which may mediate chemoreceptor function, stretch reception, and local cardiac reflexes.
Afferent Pathways↗
The carboxyl terminus of mouse delta-opioid receptor is not required for agonist-dependent activation.
The pharmacological effects caused by use of opiate are exerted through the opioid receptors (ORs). ORs couple to the inhibitory G protein (Gi) and result in decreased cAMP levels upon activation by specific agonists. To initiate study of the structure-function relationship during this process, we first ectopically expressed the wild-type delta OR and a C-terminally truncated mutant in CHO cells to investigate the necessity of its C-terminus. The binding potency of both the wild-type and truncated delta ORs to ligands including DPDPE, DSLET, DAGO, and U-50488 was compared. Their membrane localization and ability to mediate signal transduction were also studied. We conclude that the C-terminus of delta OR is not essential for plasma membrane targeting, ligand specificity, and agonist-dependent activation.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone in goats.
Phenylbutazone was administered intravenously and orally to six goats as a single dose of 4.4 mg/kg and its disposition and bioavailability and the disposition of its active metabolite, oxyphenbutazone, in plasma were investigated. The effect of the administration of the drug of oxyphenbutazone on ex vivo serum thromboxane (TX)B2 generation in platelets was also studied. Phenylbutazone was eliminated slowly with mean (se) elimination half-lives (t1/2 beta) of 15.3 (1.15) hours and 22.0 (3.32) hours after intravenous and oral administration, respectively. The bioavailability of phenylbutazone paste administered orally was 61 (7) per cent (corrected by the t1/2 beta) and relatively slow absorption was observed, as indicated by a time of maximum drug concentration (tmax) of 3.47 (0.39) hours and a mean absorption time (MAT) of 10.4 (8.61) hours. The concentration of oxyphenbutazone in plasma was low and the ratio of the areas under the curve (AUC) of oxyphenbutazone to phenylbutazone was approximately 0.02:1 after both intravenous and oral administration. Thromboxane B2 generation in the platelets was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) from one to 12 hours after intravenous administration and from two to 12 hours after oral administration. The results suggest that phenylbutazone is a potentially useful non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for use in goats by either route of administration.
Administration, Oral↗
Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma development in hepatitis B virus transfected mice by low dietary casein.
In a comprehensive human ecological study, primary liver cancer has been shown to be highly significantly associated with 1) the prevalence of persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 2) plasma cholesterol concentrations that are, in turn, associated with the consumption of animal based foods. In rat studies, aflatoxin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma is substantially prevented by decreasing the intake of animal based protein (casein), a hypercholesterolemic nutrient. Thus the development of primary liver cancer associated with persistent HBV infection or with aflatoxin exposure may be controlled by reduced intake of animal-based proteins. Transgenic mice transfected with an HBV gene fragment containing the viral transactivator of hepatis B virus, HBx, which induces the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma, were used to examine the ability of dietary casein to modify tumor formation. Reducing the concentration of dietary casein to 6% from the traditional level of 22% markedly inhibited (by 75%) hepatic tumor formation in these transgenic mice. Tumor development also was substantially altered by interchanging dietary casein concentration well after tumor development had begun (at 8 months), increasing by 173% from the expected yield when casein intake was increased and decreasing by 99% when casein was reduced. These findings suggest that the development of liver tumor formation among individuals persistently infected with HBV may be controlled by minimizing or eliminating the intake of animal protein-based foods.
Animals↗
Mutations of the conserved DRS motif in the second intracellular loop of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor affect expression, activation, and internalization.
The GnRH receptor is an unusual member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily with several unique features. One of these is a variant of the conserved DRY motif that is located at the junction of the third transmembrane domain and the second intracellular (2i) loop of most GPCRs. In the GnRH receptor, the Tyr residue of the conserved triplet is replaced by Ser, giving a DRS sequence. The aspartate and arginine residues of the triplet are highly conserved in almost all GPCRs. The functional importance of these residues was evaluated in wild type and mutant GnRH receptors expressed in COS-7 cells. Mutants in which Asp138 was replaced by Asn or Glu were poorly expressed, but showed significantly increased internalization and exhibited augmented inositol phosphate generation to maximal agonist stimulation compared with the wild type receptor. In contrast, receptors in which Arg139 was substituted with Gln, Ala, or Ser showed reduced internalization, and the GnRH-induced inositol phosphate response for the Arg139Gln mutant was significantly impaired in proportion to its low expression level. Replacing Ser140 with Ala affected neither internalization nor signal transduction. The role of the polar amino acids at the C terminus of the 2i loop was evaluated in two additional mutants (Ser151Ala, Ser153Ala, and Ser151Ala, Ser153Ala, Lys154Gln, Glu156Gln). Both of these mutants exhibited agonist-induced inositol phosphate responses similar to that of the wild type receptor, but showed increased receptor internalization. This mutational analysis indicates that the conserved Asp and Arg residues in the DRY/S triplet make important contributions to the structural integrity of the receptor and influence receptor expression, agonist-induced activation, and internalization.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Prenatal diagnosis and early treatment of congenital urological deformites].
11 children were treated in our hospital from 1987 to 1990 for the congenital urological defomities. They were diagnosed prenatally and were treated early after birth, and 5 of them were compared with 28 children who had been treated in the same hospital in the same stage for hydronephrosis due to the congenital pelvic-ureter stenosis, that was not prenatally diagnosed. Analysis of a series of renal functional test, special methods and clinical study, showed the possibility of prenatal diagnosis and the necessary of early treatment of congenital urological deformities.
Female↗
[Advances in the chemical study of Epimedium].
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
[Human tolerance to landing impact (+Gz) in sitting position].
The study showed that macaca mulatta selected can be used as a substitute for human in studying tolerance to landing impact. Based on the data of the experiments, the revisional coefficient from macaca mulatta to humans was calculated, and curves of human tolerance to landing impact in sitting position were given. Tolerance limits for different injuries such as safe, slight injury, medium injury and serious injury are also given in this paper. The results might be useful for setting human tolerance standards to landing impact in sitting position.
Acceleration↗
Use of an improved method for analysis of urinary aflatoxin M1 in a survey of mainland China and Taiwan.
An improved monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography/high-pressure liquid chromatography/ fluorescence detection method was developed to measure aflatoxin (AF) exposure by quantifying AFM1 in human and rat urine samples. Analysis of different amounts of various AF metabolites showed that the immunoaffinity resin was highly selective for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, and AFM1. Recovery of added AFs increased with the amount of immunoaffinity resin and was virtually complete within the range of 0.01-10 ng of AFM1 by using 7 ml of resin. The detection limit of this method is 0.5 pg/ml urine. Rats dosed with tritiated AFB1 excreted in their urine tritiated AFM1, among other AF metabolites, as indicated by chemical derivative confirmation and cochromatography with authentic AFM1 and agreement of radioactivity and fluorescence quantitation. A linear dose-response relationship was found over the range of 0.05-50 micrograms/kg of body weight/day. Two humans dosed with 1.0 microgram of pure AFB1 excreted 6-7% of the dose as urinary AFM1 over 5-7 days. Pooled urine samples from 30 men from each of 69 rural counties in mainland China and 16 survey areas in Taiwan, with two villages per county or area, were analyzed with this improved method (170 villages total). The correlation coefficient of urinary excretion of AFM1 compared between villages within all 85 survey areas was 0.50 (P < 0.001). Sixty-five % of the samples contained detectable concentrations of AFM1 with an average excretion of 3.1 ng/12 h. Assuming an excretion rate of 2-6%, this AFM1 excretion corresponds to a very low average daily AF consumption of 0.1-0.3 microgram/day (possible range, 0-11 micrograms/day). Patterns of urinary excretion of AFM1 were similar in mainland China and Taiwan.
Adult↗
[Activation of L-Arg: no pathway in canine brain by the damage from complete cerebral ischemia-reperfusion].
To ascertain whether complete cerebral ischemia-reperfusion activate L-Arg: NO pathway in canine brain, we anestherized nine adult dogs with ketamine and fentayle and randomly divided into two groups. Four dogs were nonischemic control group. Five dogs were complete cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group, they underwent a 18-minute cardiac arrest, and were resusciatation by standard CPR, supported by intensive care for 8 hours. At the end of each experiment, the parietal cortex was assayed for content of Nitrite and NADPH-positive neurons. Compared with the control group, the contents of Nitrite and NADPH-positive neurons of coxtex in complete cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group increased significantly (P < 0.01). The results suggest that complete cerebral ischemia-reperfusion activate the L-Arg: NO pathway in canine brain, and NO may play an important role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Animals↗
Preliminary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on flunixin meglumine in donkeys.
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Animals↗