Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Z Detre.
We describe two sibs with tetraectrodactyly and oligomeganephronic renal hypoplasia. The parents were unaffected. This syndrome of apparently autosomal recessive origin appears to be the first Mendelian form of the acrorenal developmental field defect identified so far.
Authors give a literary review of the pathomorphology and distribution of the Monteggia injuries. The necessity of the correct reduction of the ulna and the role of the interosseous membrane, the strength of which is able alone to eliminate the luxation of the radial head and to keep it on its proper place, are underlined and stressed. With the demonstration of a 9 week old injury it is proven: it is possible to restore the severely damaged elbow function with an adequate operative treatment.
Authors briefly summarized the classification, the causes and origin of the pseudoarthroses. The pseudoarthrosis of the olecranon may play an important role in the development of the disturbances of the movement in the elbow joint. In connection with 3 cases of their own the possibilities to restore the badly damaged joint and to eliminate function disturbances are demonstrated.
Authors describe in connection with two cases of their own the vulnerability of the elbow joint originating from the physiological valgus position of this joint, i.e. the effect of the so-called "valgus stress". In the available literature no description of bilateral synchronous fracture of the radial head was found. They think, because of the bilateral injury, the correct operative therapy with the aim of reaching whole function, the stable osteosynthesis promising good result even in the fracture of the radial neck with major dislocation allowing also an early functional treatment, important.
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After presenting an overview on classification and history of arteriosclerosis theories, the physiological factors involved in the transmural permeability of the arteries are discussed in detail. The development and characteristic features of the altered transmural permeability were studied in various experimental models such as in rat's hypercholesterolemia, local aortic hypoxia, lymphedema of the vascular wall and in hypertension. Results appear to show that alterations in permeability invariably developed in all of the pathological conditions examined, they were transient in nature and preceded the onset of intimal proliferation(s). The disturbance of transmural permeability might be the common pathologic clue which initiates uniform vascular responses to injuries produced by a variety of noxious stimuli. The possible role of the altered transmural permeability in the induction of smooth muscle cell proliferation is also discussed and evidence is provided that after withdrawal of stimulus for vascular injury intimal proliferation will not develop despite the manifest disorders in permeability.
Malignant renal hypertension was induced in male Wistar rats. In the early phase of the disease, ie. the 1st week, a transient and generalized activation of arterial cellular functions was observed, while later, on day 21 widespread intimal proliferations developed in the arteries. This early activation included an increase in transmural permeability, DNA-, protein, collagen, elastin and ground substance synthesis, a rise in mural PGI2 content and an increase in number of Weibel-Palade bodies. An activation of platelets and monocytes could also be detected during the 1st week. In a group of rats the development of malignant hypertension was interrupted following the early activation of arteries and the incidence of intimal proliferations was compared with that of rats with maintained hypertension. No intimal proliferation was observed on day 21 in the rats with interrupted hypertension. It is concluded that the early activation of the artery does not furnish enough stimulus for triggering intimal proliferations and intimal plaques are not direct sequelae of the early arterial reaction. Furthermore the entrance of plasma materials during transmural permeability increase can not induce smooth muscle proliferation if the hypertension is interrupted.
The initial phase of renal hypertension induced by ligature of the abdominal aorta was accompanied by a transient increase in vascular permeability. This permeability increase has not the same intensity in all parts of the organism: it is greater in the skin and in the aorta wall than in the brain vessels. Treatment of rats with a flavonoid-type drug (anthocyanosides of Vaccinium myrtillus) for 12 days before the induction of hypertension kept the blood-brain barrier permeability normal and limited the increase in vascular permeability in the skin and the aorta wall. As previously demonstrated, the collagens of the blood vessel walls play an important role in the control of vascular permeability. Interaction of these collagens with the drug may be partly responsible for the protection against the permeability-increasing action of hypertension observed in the treated animals.
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The case of a 2-year-old boy with associated anomalies of the limbs and the urinary system is reported. Similar to cases reported earlier he presented a split hand and foot syndrome, but differed from previously reported cases by the presence of bilateral renal hypoplasia leading to end stage renal failure. Renal histology disclosed oligomeganephronia.
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It was found that alcohol caused pathological and irreversible decrements of the redox-state potential (redosis) in the pancreas and the liver. On giving reducing agents, a compensatory oxidosis developed, and this could prevent the cell damaging effect of alcohol. This effect was most marked in the reversible phase, while it could be effective also in the irreversible phase. By measuring the redox buffer capacity in the tissues it is possible to determine the measure of reversibility of the injury caused by alcohol.
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