Sedation for ambulatory endoscopy.
Diagnostic and therapeutic fiberoscopy of gastrointestinal tract is often performed ambulatory and sedation is sometimes also required. Indication for sedation can be the intervention itself or the patient's psychological state. Aim of the study was to compare the effects of midazolam and combination of midazolam and fentanyl during endoscopy. Twenty eight cases were investigated: oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (n = 14) and colonoscopy (n = 14). Anaesthetics were midazolam (M) in 16 cases, midazolam-fentanyl (MF) in 12 cases. Non-invasive mean arterial pressure, pulse rate, acid-base balance and blood gases (by Astrup method) were recorded before endoscopy, at the 5th and 10th minutes of endoscopy, 15 minutes after intervention and also before emission. Pulse rate changed between 78-92/min. Mean arterial pressure appeared between 84-90 mm Hg. In MF group both were lower but there was not significant difference between the groups. The values were in normal range, there were not metabolic acidosis which needed correction. Onset of sedative effect was 2.8 min. in M group, 2.3 min. in MF group. The ability for adequate reaction returned within 11 min. in M group, within 14 min. in MF group. Fentanyl prolongs sedative effect of midazolam and offers sufficient pain relief. After 3 hours, patients could be emitted from the hospital.