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Biomedical subjects

Z Farid

Publications and source records attributed to Z Farid.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Aztreonam compared to chloramphenicol in the treatment of enteric fevers.

Fifty-seven patients, twenty-six males and thirty-one females, aged 6 to 50 years (mean 12.6 years) with proven Salmonella typhi or S. paratyphi A septicaemia, were treated in an open randomized parallel study with either aztreonam or chloramphenicol. Aztreonam was given intramuscularly at a level of 50 to 80 mg/kg body weight per dose every 8 h for 7 days to thirty patients. Chloramphenicol was given orally in a dose of 50 to 70 mg/kg body weight every 6 h for 12 days to twenty-seven patients. All patients responded rapidly to treatment, becoming afebrile and asymptomatic within 5.5 to 6.4 days. Only one patient on aztreonam relapsed following treatment, whereas three patients relapsed after chloramphenicol treatment. There were no serious side effects with either drug.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

A review of the treatment of bacterial meningitis.

This is review of our experience in the treatment of meningitis carried out at the Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 (NAMRU-3), Cairo, Egypt since 1967. We have demonstrated that the serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ampicillin and its efficacy when used in the treatment of meningitis are comparable whether they are administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The third generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone was found to be very safe and effective when administered intramuscularly once a day in the treatment of the different types of acute bacterial meningitis. Aztreonam given intramuscularly was successful in the treatment of Gram-negative meningitis caused by multi-resistant organisms. The fatality rates and morbidity were significantly reduced in patients with meningitis when dexamethasone was given in conjunction with antibacterial chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Epidemiology, prevalence and clinical diagnosis of meningitis at Abbassia Fever Hospital, Cairo, 1966-1989.

The United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 and the Abbassia Fever Hospital in Cairo, Egypt have together diagnosed and treated 7809 patients admitted to a meningitis ward since 1966. Aetiological diagnosis was based on clinical evaluation and laboratory studies. Marked increases in annual admissions in 1970-1972, 1980-1982 and 1987-1988 were related to increases in admissions due to meningococcal disease, while in 1977-1981 the increase was due to encephalitis related to Rift Valley fever. Better, rapid diagnostic procedures are needed to enable effective treatment to be given earlier and to reduce mortality rates.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1991

Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.

This overview summarizes studies conducted since 1970 on the laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis at the Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3. These investigations demonstrated that counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), agglutination of sensitized staphylococcal cells or latex particles, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) effectively detect and identify specific antigens in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningococcal, pneumococcal, and Haemophilus meningitis. ELISA was the most sensitive of these methods and CIE the least sensitive. ELISA was also used to measure antibodies to meningococcal outer membrane protein antigens in patients. Finally, high rates of group A meningococcal nasopharyngeal carriage were found in group A meningococcal meningitis patients and populations associated with group A patients, but not in populations that were not associated with group A disease.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1979

Hydrogen ion excretion and urine osmolality in patients with obstructive uropathy secondary to Schistosoma haematobium.

Sixty-one patients with urinary schistosomiasis were studied to determine the effects of obstruction and bacteriuria on renal function. 39 (12 with bacteriuria) had demonstrable obstruction and 22 (5 with bacteriuria) had no obstruction. Total hydrogen ion excretion (T.H.+) for obstructed patients with sterile urine did not differ from that in controls; patients with bacteriuria with and without obstruction had a significantly lower T.H.+ (all P values less than 0.05). Obstructed patients (with or without bacteriuria) had significant impairment of maximal (U max) and minimal (U min) urine osmolality. Patients with bilateral obstruction and bacteriuria had a significantly lower U max (P less than 0.01 than obstructed patients without bacteriuria. The T.H.+ is mainly associated with bacteriuria but that the effects of unilateral or bilateral obstruction and bacteriuria on urine osmolality are additive. These abnormalities are usually corrected after therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Efficacy of medical treatment of schistosomal obstructive uropathy as determined by 131I-Hippuran renography.

Ten male patients with obstructive uropathy secondary to Schistosoma haematobium and with associated bacteriuria were evaluated with serial urograms, renograms and renal function tests (endogenous creatinine clearance, maximal urinary concentration and total hydrogen ion excretion) before and after medical treatment. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.2 months. Significant improvement was observed in the renograms and the renal function tests while the degree of obstructive uropathy as determined by urography remained essentially unchanged. Thus the renogram can be a more sensitive test for evaluating the efficacy of treatment in patients with schistosomal obstructive uropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of complicated schistosomiasis mansoni with oxamniquine.

Twenty male patients (mean age 23 years) with Schistosoma mansoni infections (mean egg count 429 +/- 311/g feces) were each treated with oxamniquine orally in a single daily dose of 20 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days. Seventeen patients had hepatosplenomegaly, two of these had ascites. Three patients had diffuse colonic polyposis, one of these had ascites. Except for one who developed mild hematemesis 3 days after treatment, all patients tolerated the drug very well. However, 11 patients developed a fever 24 to 48 hours after completing treatment, which lasted for 2-3 days and coincided with increased excretion of schistosomal antigens in urine. Three months after completing therapy, all except one young patient ceased to have live egge in the stools or rectal tissue. Six months after treatment, three patients with colonic polyposis showed marked clinical improvement and sigmoidoscopic and barium enema examination demonstrated almost complete disappearance of all polyps.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of giardiasis with tinidazole.

Fifty-five patients, 51 males and 4 females heavily infected with Giardia lamblia were treated with a single 2 g dose of tinidazole (four tablets); 53 were cured. Of 20 other infected patients kept under the same conditions and given four placebo tablets, 18 continued to pass cysts or trophozoites in the stools during the whole 3- to 4-wk follow-up period in hospital. There were no side effects attributed to the drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Bacteriuria in urinary schistosomiasis in Egypt a prevalence survey.

An epidemiologic survey to assess the prevalence of bacteriuria in urinary schistosomiasis was carried out in a region endemic for urinary schistosomiasis in Egypt. Twenty of 390 (5.1%) school boys aged 5--16 years were bacteriuric. This prevalence rate is more than 10 times greater than that found in comparable surveys in areas non-endemic for urinary schistosomiasis. In this endemic population bacteriuria was found in 6.5% of active egg excreters and 2.3% of non-egg excreters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Renal amyloidosis with nephrotic syndrome in two patients with schistosomiasis mansoni and chronic salmonellosis.

This report describes two Egyptian patients who presented with the nephrotic syndrome and concurrent infections with Schistosoma mansoni and Salmonella paratyphi A. Unlike similar cases previously reported from this unit, these patients did not respond to antimicrobial and antischistosomal therapy, and their renal biopsies demonstrated amyloidosis. These two case reports and several experimental observations suggest that chronic schistosomiasis and salmonellosis may lead to secondary amyloidosis in susceptible individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Rifampicin in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis.

Seventy-one patients diagnosed to have tuberculous meningitis were treated with isoniazid, streptomycin plus either rifampicin (36 patients or ethambutol (35 patients). Results of therapy were identical in both treatment-groups (approximately 50 per cent mortality). Rifampicin appears to be as effective as ethambutol in the treatment of this infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A comparative study of epicillin and chloramphenicol in the treatment of enteric fever.

One hundred patients with acute enteric fever were randomly assigned to treatment with either chloramphenicol 50 mg/kg body-weight or epicillin 1 g six hourly. Eighty-one patients had a positive blood culture for typhoid or paratyphoid bacilli and nineteen had a positive stool culture with a significant Widal titre. All fifty patients in the group treated with chloramphenicol responded, however there was one relapse with bacteraemia. In the group treated with epicillin, six from the total of fifty patients were considred treatment failures. Treatment was considred as a failure if the patient was febrile after ten days treatment or if there was a deterioration despite antibiotic therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Hepatic amebiasis: diagnostic counterimmunoelectrophoresis and metronidazole (flagyl) therapy.

In an ongoing study of obscure fevers in Cairo, Egypt which is presently in its 6th year, 12 cases of hepatic amebiasis have been diagnosed. Three were diagnosed during the period 1971-1974. With the introduction of amebic serologic techniques, particularly counterimmunoelectrophoresis, nine additional cases have been diagnosed in 1975-1976. Of 9 patients treated with metronidazole 6 were rapidly cured, 2 had a recurrence of fever necessitating surgical drainage of the abscess, and 1 died suddenly on the 3rd day of therapy.

Adolescent↗