PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Z Jiao

Publications and source records attributed to Z Jiao.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

HPLC determination of telmisartan in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.

A sensitive, simple, and accurate HPLC method was developed for the assay of telmisartan in human plasma. Using naproxen as internal standard, the assay involved liquid-liquid extraction of the compound from acidified plasma into organic solvent and reversed-phase chromatography with fluorescence detection. The assay was shown to be linear from 0.5 to 1000 ng/mL. In 24 healthy volunteers, the plasma concentrations of the drug were determined after a single oral dose of 160 mg.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Population pharmacokinetic modeling of steady state clearance of carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite from sparse routine clinical data.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a population pharmacokinetic model to evaluate the effects of variety of covariates on clearance of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its main metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZE) in Chinese population. METHODS: Serum samples at steady trough state (n = 459) were collected prospectively from 408 compliant outpatients during their routine clinical care. CBZ and CBZE concentrations were simultaneously determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Population clearance (CL) of CBZ and CBZE were estimated by non-linear mixed effect modeling and NONMEM program with a one-compartment model of first-order absorption and elimination. RESULTS: Total body weight (TBW), dose and concomitant medication were all important determinants of CL of CBZ and CBZE. The final regression model for CBZ was: where VPA = 1 for patients comedicated with valproic acid and its dose greater than 18 mg/kg, otherwise VPA = 0; PHT = 1 for patients comedicated with phenytoin, otherwise PHT = 0; PB = 1 for patients comedicated with phenytoin, otherwise PB = 0. The final regression CL model for the CBZE was: where VPA = 1 for patients comedicated with valproic acid, otherwise VPA = 0. CONCLUSION: The current models, which describe CL of CBZ and CBZE in terms of patient specific details, can be used as a reference to optimize CBZ therapy in Chinese epilepsy patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Role of Atp7b gene in spontaneous and N-diethylnitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis in a new congenic strain, WKAH.C-Atp7b rats.

To examine whether Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, a mutant rat model of Wilson's disease, have a susceptibility gene(s) to hepatocarcinogenesis in addition to the causative gene, Atp7b, we established a new congenic strain, WKAH.C-Atp7b rats, in which the Atp7b gene of the LEC rats is inserted into the normal Wistar-King Aptekman Hokkaido (WKAH) background. Hepatocellular tumors developed spontaneously in both sexes of WKAH.C-Atp7b rats, their incidence being slightly lower than that in LEC rats. Incidences of spontaneous liver tumors in LEC, WKAH.C-Atp7b and WKAH rats correlated with hepatic copper and iron concentrations. Medium-term liver bioassay showed that LEC rats were more susceptible to the induction of glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive preneoplastic foci than WKAH.C-Atp7b rats, and WKAH.C-Atp7b rats were more susceptible than WKAH rats. In an N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced long-term carcinogenicity study, 1) LEC rats were similarly or rather less susceptible to hepatocellular tumors than WKAH.C-Atp7b and WKAH rats, indicating that the progression of the preneoplastic foci to liver cancer in LEC rats was worse than that in WKAH.C-Atp7b and WKAH rats, 2) the incidences of kidney tumors in LEC and WKAH.C-Atp7b rats were higher than that in WKAH rats and high copper concentrations in the kidneys were observed in LEC and WKAH.C-Atp7b rats, 3) LEC rats were resistant to lung carcinogenesis. These data indicate that the susceptibility of LEC rats to liver and kidney carcinogenesis could be explained by Atp7b gene mutation and that the susceptibility to lung carcinogenesis is controlled by gene(s) other than Atp7b.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2001

[Ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: clinical analysis of 17 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence, risk factors and clinical manifestation for ectopic pregnancy (EP) after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: A retrospective study of IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) pregnancies was performed between March 1998 and December 1999. RESULTS: A total of 432 woman conceived after IVF or ICSI were studied. The rate of EP was 3.9%, corresponding with 17 EPs, of which 4 (82.4%) were heterotopic pregnancy (HP). There were 14 EPs in tubal factor group, and 3(17.6%) in nontubal factor group. There appear to be no relationship between d 2 ET and d 3 ET, ovulation induction and age. The number of embryo transferred is 3.5 in EP and 4.1 in HP. CONCLUSIONS: Tubal pathology is associated with increased risk of EP. Close hormonal and ultrasonographic follow-up in pregnancies achieved in IVF treatments are recommended for early diagnosis and avoidance of further undesired consequences.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Determination of DNA-DNA homology among Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans with microdilution plate hybridization method].

The DNA-DNA homologies among Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans and 11 species in genus Burkholderia were determined with microdilution plate hybridization method. The results showed: the homologies among P. cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans, B. gladioli and B. cocovenenans were all over 75%. It was advised that these three species were synonym, and should be renamed as Burkholderia gladioli.

Burkholderia↗
PubMed2000

Low susceptibility of Long-Evans Cinnamon rats to N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis and inhibitory effect of urinary copper.

We studied the susceptibilities to N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis of male Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC), F344 and Long-Evans Agouti (LEA) rats. Male rats (n=21) were given 0.1% BBN in their drinking water from week 6, 8 and 10 for one week, and killed in week 56. The incidences of transitional cell tumors (papillomas plus carcinomas) in BBN-treated LEC and F344 rats were 12% and 76%, respectively (P<0.001, experiment 1), and those in LEC and LEA rats were 11% and 95%, respectively (P<0.001, experiment 2). When male LEC and F344 rats were given 0.1% BBN in their drinking water for 7 days, the intake of BBN and the urinary concentration of its active metabolite, N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine (BCPN), were higher in the LEC rats (P<0.01). The urinary pHs of untreated LEC and F344 rats were similar between week 6 and 30. The urinary copper concentration was lower in LEC rats before jaundice than in F344 rats, but its concentrations in 28- and 50-week-old LEC rats were 1.7 and 2.3 times those in F344 rats. In a two-stage carcinogenesis study using F344 rats, i.p. injections of cupric nitrilotriacetate increased urinary copper excretion, and inhibited BBN-induced bladder carcinogenesis. In a two-stage carcinogenesis study using LEC rats, oral administration of D-penicillamine decreased urinary copper excretion, and increased BBN-induced bladder cancer, although the difference was not significant. These data show that LEC rats are resistant to bladder carcinogenesis and suggest that urinary copper has a significant role in their resistance.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

[Effects of ischemic preconditioning on apoptosis of hepatocytes in liver transplantation in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on hepatocyte apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion injury of grafted liver and clarify its mechanism. METHODS: Orthotopic liver transplantation with cuff anastomosing method for the portal vein, suprahepatic vena cava and infrahepatic vena cava in the rats were divided into two groups: with and without IP treatment. The parameters of liver function were determined by auto-biochemical analyser. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured with chromometry. The apoptotic hepatocytes in grafts liver were detected by flow cytometry combined with the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-FITC nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. RESULTS: The levels of AST, ALT, LDH in the serum, and MDA and apoptotic cells in the liver were significantly increased compared with normal values after ischemia/reperfusion to the grafted liver. After IP treatment, the levels of AST, ALT, LDH, MDA and apoptotic cells were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: IP can attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury by alleviating lipid peroxide and decreasing apoptosis of hepatocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Determination of guanine plus cytosine content of Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp farinofermantans with two methods and the comparative study].

The guanine plus cytosine content (G + C) mol% of Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp farinofermantans, Burkholderia gladioli and Burkholderia cocovenenans, which were similar in biochemical characteristics, were determined with Tm values method and HPLC method, and the comparative study of these two methods was discussed. A negative conclusion could not be made from the results. The three bacteria were the same species. The HPLC method was more accurate than the Tm values method, but the repeatability of the latter was better.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed2000

[Speech recognition and language development in prelingually deafened children with multichannel cochlear prosthesis].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the development of hearing and language in prelingually deafened children with implanted multichannel cochlear prosthesis from the mandarin-speaking area, and to explore the basic pattern of speech recognition and language development as well as influencing factors. METHODS: Twenty-five prelingually deafened children and youths with cochlear implant participated in this study. Using "Evaluating method on hearing and speech rehabilitation in deafened children" as a test material. These materials consist of speech and environment sound discrimination, closed-set and open-set speech recognition and language development tests. RESULTS: All patients had the ability to hear sound and could discriminate different categorical sounds. Results indicated that the score of closed-set test exceeded the chance level. The correct recognition rate was escalating with prolonging the implanted time. Contrarily, the correct recognition rate was de-escalating as implanted age increased. Subjects having significant open-set speech recognition half year after the operation, indicated that the cochlear implant can promote prelingually deafened children to develop their speech level. CONCLUSION: Once the diagnosis of profoundly sensorineural hearing loss is made, the optimal treatment of choices is cochlear implant and speech rehabilitation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Effects of D-galactosamine hydrochloride and partial hepatectomy on spontaneous hepatic injury and hepatocarcinogenesis in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats.

To examine the effect of nongenotoxic chemicals on hepatocarcinogenesis in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, we gave 6-week-old male and female LEC rats (n = 18) weekly subcutaneous injections of D-galactosamine hydrochloride (GalN, 300 mg/kg) in 0.9% NaCl or only 0.9% NaCl for 50 weeks, and killed them in week 62. GalN-treated male rats unexpectedly showed no lethal necrotizing hepatitis. GalN treatment increased the incidence of cholangiofibrosis in males and its severity in females, but did not cause significant increases of hepatocellular tumors in either sex. GaIN treatment increased the 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeling index of hepatocytes and plasma hepatocyte growth factor, and accelerated megalocytic alterations without reduction of the hepatic copper concentration. Next, male and female LEC rats were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) or sham hepatectomy in week 8 (n = 12) or in week 14 (n = 9), and killed in week 62. PH in week 14 inhibited lethal hepatitis, but PH in week 8 was less effective. PH reduced the hepatic copper concentration to half that of controls. The present data suggest that induction of hepatocyte regeneration by repeated injections of GalN, or by PH just before the onset of jaundice has a significant effect in prevention of hepatic injury of LEC rats, but not enhancement of spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis.

Aging↗
PubMed1999

Health, cognitive, and psychosocial factors as predictors of mortality in an elderly community sample.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine whether cognitive and psychosocial factors predict mortality once physical health is controlled. DESIGN: A prospective study of community dwelling elderly. Mortality was assessed over a period of 3-4 years after the baseline assessment of predictors. The data were analysed using the Cox proportional hazards model. SETTING: Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 897 people aged 70 or over and living in the community, drawn from the compulsory electoral roll. RESULTS: For the sample as a whole, the significant predictors of mortality were male sex, poor physical health, poor cognitive functioning, and low neuroticism. Men had an adjusted relative risk of mortality of 2.5 compared with women. For the male sub-sample, poor self rated health and a poor performance on a speeded cognitive task were significant predictors, while for women, greater disability, low systolic blood pressure, and a low score on a dementia screening test were the strongest predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality was predicted by physical ill health and poor cognitive functioning. Psychosocial factors such as socioeconomic status, psychiatric symptoms, and social support did not add to the prediction of mortality, once sex, physical health, and cognitive functioning were controlled. Mortality among men was more than twice that of women, even when adjusted for other predictors.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical observation on treatment of postcardiotomic complications with Chinese herbal medicine based on syndrome differentiation with angiocardiopathy].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) based on Syndrome Differentiation on postcardiotomic complications in patients with angiocardiopathy. METHODS: Aimed at the frequently encountered postcardiotomic complications including fever, cough and expectoration, belching, abdominal distension, palpitation, short breath, etc. CHM treatment was applied in combination with routine western drugs treatment (cardiac tonic, diuretics, vascular dilatator and anticoagulant). RESULTS: Twenty out of 22 patients with protracted fever and irresponsive to multi-antibiotics therapy were cured, the other one with hydrothorax received other therapy and the another one with drug fever was natural cured after stopping medication. Among 23 patients complicated mainly with respiratory symptoms, 17 were cured and 6 improved, among 15 with digestive symptoms, 12 cured and 3 improved, and among 7 with cardiovascular symptoms, 3 cured, 2 improved and 2 ineffective. CONCLUSION: CHM has good effect on postcardiotomic complications, it could improve the functional recovery of heart and lung.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Sequencing and analysis of 16S rDNA sequences for P. cocovenenans subsp farinofermentans].

In order to fix the phylogenetic taxonomic position of P. cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans and describe its relationships with other closed species, seven primers were designed to amplify and sequence the 16S rDNA of 4 strains of it by using a clonal sequencing or direct sequencing method. The 16S rDNA sequence of the 4 strains were aligned with the 16S rDNA sequences of other species in genus Burkholderia, and the polygenetic tree was produced by using a Clustal V and treeview software. The results showed that P. cocovenenans subsp. farinofermentans was in a high homology with Burkholderia gladioli and Burkholderia cocovenenans, and they formed an independent phylogenetic clustal of genus Burkholderia.

DNA, Recombinant↗
PubMed1999

[Effect of feishuling on production of tumor necrosis factor alpha from hamster alveolar macrophages].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine Feishuling on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) from hamster alveolar macrophages in vitro and investigate the mechanism of its preventive and therapeutic effect on chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD). METHOD: Alveolar macrophages were harvested through bronchoalveolar lavage and cultured, Feishuling were added to the culture medium with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) simultaneously or 6 h after LPS. TNF-alpha production in the culture supernatants was tested by ELISA assay and the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in the cells was measured through in situ hybridization. RESULT: After administration of Feishuling, the content of TNF-alpha in the supernatants and the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in the cells were decreased more significantly than those in LPS stimulation group(P < 0.01), and there was a dose-effect relationship, but no significant differences were observed as compared with the simple culture medium group(P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The effect of reducing the production of TNF-alpha from alveolar macrophages and inhibiting the damage mediated by TNF-alpha might be a part of the mechanism of Feishuling to prevent and treat COPD.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Predictors of GP service use: a community survey of an elderly Australian sample.

As part of a study of an elderly community-dwelling Australian population, predictors of general practitioner (GP) service use were identified. The sample of 897 persons, aged 70 years or older and living in Canberra and Queanbeyan, were interviewed about their health and well-being. Data on the number of GP visits in the following 12-month period were obtained from the Health Insurance Commission. There were important gender differences in the prediction of both contact and volume of service use. Need variables (physical health in men, and disability and anxiety in women) were the most important predictors. Men who were older or who had lower occupational status used more medical services, as did women with less education or higher levels of extraversion. Men with lower social support were less likely to contact a GP, but social support was not related to volume of service use for either men or women. Since at most 21% of the variance in the volume of GP service use could be explained, despite the wide range of predictors considered and the different statistical approaches adopted, better measures of service use and predictors need to be developed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Mechanism of overproduction of plasma prostacyclin in portal hypertensive rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of increased portal pressure and portosystemic shunting in elevated level of prostacyclin (PGI2) in portal hypertension. METHODS: Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: prehepatic portal hypertension (PHPH, 8 rats), intrahepatic portal hypertension (IHPH, 9), end-to-side portacaval shunt (PCS, 8), and sham-operated controls (SO, 11). Two weeks after surgery, free portal pressure (FPP) was measured; systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics was studied by radioactive microsphere technique and blood sample from the femoral artery was obtained to measure the level of plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha with radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The FPP (mmHg) in IHPH, PHPH, PCS and SO rats was 13.10 +/- 1.02, 12.10 +/- 1.52, 3.0 +/- 0.82 and 6.86 +/- 0.69, respectively. The value of FPP was significantly increased in IHPH, PHPH rats and significantly decreased in PCS rats when compared to SO rats. Cardiac index (CI) and portal venous inflow (PVI) were in the order of PCS > PHPH > IHPH > SO rats. Portosystemic shunting (PSS) in PCS, PHPH, IHPH was 99.7 +/- 0.29%, 76.02 +/- 20.62% and 30.34 +/- 10.18%, respectively. The concentrations of plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (ng/ml) in PHPH, IHPH, PCS and SO rats were 6.93 +/- 2.43, 5.09 +/- 2.27, 2.36 +/- 1.01 and 1.56 +/- 0.61, respectively. The concentrations of plasma PGI2 in PHPH, IHPH and PCS rats were significantly higher than those in SO rats. Furthermore, the concentrations of plasma PGI2 in PHPH and IHPH rats were also significantly higher than those in PCS rats. Moreover, a closed positive correlation existed between plasma PGI2 and FPP (r = 0.67, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that the elevated PGI2 in portal hypertension is mainly due to the overproduction of PGI2 in vascular epithelium cells induced by increased portal pressure, whereas portosystemic shunting and liver dysfunction play a secondary role. In addition, the results of this study do not support that PGI2 mediated the hyperhemodynamics in portal hypertension.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1998

[Analysis of heart rate variability in Chinese healthy pilot].

Normal range of 24 h heart rate variability (HRV) and its application in healthy pilots of different age and sex were investigated. 24 h HRV data in 118 healthy male and female pilots and ground crew were measured. Comparing with male pilots, SDNN, HRVi, RMSSD, HF and ATP values in females are obviously higher (P < 0.05). For HRV comparison analysis, the pilots were divided into three age groups. The results show that SDNN value of male pilots in group A is obviously higher than those in group B and C (P < 0.01). In female pilot group, the RMSSD, HF and ATP values of group C, are obviously higher than those of A and B (P < 0.01). It demonstrates that many HRV parameters show significant difference between male and female pilots, the HRV parameters in female pilot are obviously higher than those in males, especially for such parameters which reflect vagal nerve activity. Age factor effect is apparent in pilot's HRV data. Some HRV parameters in different age groups show significant difference. Most 24 h HRV parameters in pilots flying different types of aircraft show no significant difference.

Adult↗