[Huang Zhuzhai and the archaic edition of On febrile and miscellaneous diseases] (Chi).
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China↗
Biomedical subjects
Z L Chen
Publications and source records attributed to Z L Chen.
[An immunohistochemical study of occult micrometastases in regional lymph nodes of patients with stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma].
739 regional lymph nodes from 94 patients with stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) were studied by immunohistochemistry. These lymph nodes, contained no metastasis as assessed by conventional histopathology, were recut. A series consecutive sections from the original blocks were immunostained with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to keratins, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and human milk fat globulin membrane antigen (HMFG-2). Single tumor cells or small clusters of tumor cells, not visible on routine examination, were readily detected. The actual number of lymph nodes that contained occult tumor cells was 123 (16.6%) from 53 patients (56.4%). The majority of 102 immunostaining positive nodes were distributed in the hilar (29%) and peribronchial (25%) regions. Our data indicate that: 1. a series consecutive sections and immunohistochemistry may greatly increase the diagnostic yield of occult micrometastases in lymph nodes. 2. the high incidence of occult metastases in NSCLC may be of importance in relation to their rapid dissemination and high death rate. 3. the high frequency of occult nodal metastases in NSCLC raises questions in regard to our presently used criteria for staging, prognosis and treatment of ostensibly stage I disease. 4. perhaps resections of hilar and peribronchial lymph nodes will have an important clinical significance in prevention of wide dissemination of tumor cells.
Adult↗
[A case-control study on the relationship between neonatal hyperbilirubaemia and usage of oxytocin during labour].
Analytical method for multiple exposure level data of matching (1:1) case-control study was employed in the study on the relationship between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and usage of oxytocin (during) in labour. The result showed that there was significant association between them (chi 2 = 15.538, df = 3, P = 0.0014). The odds ratios for various exposure level were 1-5.9 (u): OR = 1.085; 6-8.9 (u): OR = 5.5; 9 + (u): OR = 3.687 and the log linear trend among them was significant (chi 2 = 11.991, df = 1, P = 0.0005).
Case-Control Studies↗
[An immunoelectron microscopic study on the development of the antibody-producing cells in the guinea pig popliteal lymph nodes].
The pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopic method was used to study the development of antibody-producing cells in the guinea pig popliteal lymph nodes of 2, 3, 5, 8 and 10 days after a second challenge with horseradish peroxidase. The results indicated that the antibody activity was located in the perinuclear space, the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. According to the cellular developmental stages and the characteristics of distribution of the antibody activity, the antibody-producing cells (APC) were divided into four types: (1) Type I cells (lymphocytes) exhibited many positive granules throughout the cytoplasm; (2) Type II cells (proplasmacytes) contained many positive granules and positive short bars, some of them were parallel; (3) Type III cells (proplasmacytes) contained numerous parallel positive lamellae in cytoplasm; (4) the parallel lamellae in cytoplasm of type IV cells (plasmacytes) were arranged into a network-endoplasmic reticulum. According to the kinetic change from granules, short bars to parallel lamellae and the network, the results indicated the developmental course of AFC from lymphocytes, proplasmacytes to plasmacytes.
Animals↗
Two new 8-oxotetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids, gusanlung A and B, from Acangelisia gusanlung.
Two new 8-oxotetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids, gusanlung A(1) and B(2), together with known isoquinoline alkaloids, berberine and jatrorrhizine, were isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Acangelisia gusanlung H. S. Lo (Menispermaceae). Their structures were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic analysis.
Berberine↗
[A comparison of patient-controlled analgesia with traditional intramuscular administration for postoperative pain relief].
The use of a disposable non-electronic patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device (Baxter) was evaluated in this study. Every patient under trial was instructed thoroughly how to use the PCA device before operation. The PCA device delivers a 25 mg IV injection of pethidine upon patient demand with a delay of 15 min between allowable administrations. The degree of patient satisfaction, the drug consumption, and the duration of using analgesia were compared with those in IM pethidine group. The results showed that, in the PCA group, the duration of using analgesic was longer; the drug consumption was greater (especially during the first 20 h after operation); and the degree of patient satisfaction was higher. The series comprised a total of 54 patients, 14 of whom complained of mild dizziness or nausea which did not require specific treatment. In sum, giving analgesic by the Baxter PCA device was a safe and effective alternative for IM analgesic in postoperative pain control.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled↗
[Observation of surface ultrastructure of experimental oral leukoplakia and cancer].
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9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
[Isolation and identification of cynanester A from Cynanchum chinense R. Br].
Cynanester A (I) a new triterpenoid ester was isolated, together with lupeol acetate, lignoceric acid and beta-sitosterol, from Cynanchum chinense R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae). The mass spectrum suggested the presence of caproyl group and lupane skeleton with isopropenyl group in the molecule. Alkaline hydrolysis of I with 5% methanolic potassium hydroxide yielded lupeol Ia and n-caproic acid. The acid was esterified with MeOH-H2SO4 to afford methyl caproate, by GLC comparison with authentic sample. The acid was also identified by IR comparison. As above, the structure of cynanester A was established as lupeol caproate.
Caproates↗
A case of glioma in brain accompanied by an intracranial aneurysm.
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Brain Neoplasms↗
[Cerebral infarction after resection of epidermoid carcinoma of buccal mucosa under general anesthesia--report of one case].
A 60 year-old hypertensive male was operated with resection of epidermoid carcinoma of buccal mucosa. He was expired postoperation complicated with left middle cerebral artery infarction. The cerebral infarction may be induced by acute hypotension, improper position during operation and underlying disease associated with old age. Prevention methods included preoperative evaluation, immediately injection vasopressor when acute hypotension occurred during anesthesia, and avoidance of improper position to compress vertebral or carotid artery which may leading to cerebral perfusion insufficiency.
Anesthesia, General↗
Regulated expression of genes encoding soybean beta-conglycinins in transgenic plants.
Beta-conglycinin, an abundant storage protein in soybean seeds, is comprised of three subunits: alpha', alpha, and beta. Expression of genes encoding these subunits is tissue-specific and temporally regulated in soybean plants. Both the alpha'- and beta-subunit genes have been isolated and fully or partially characterized by DNA sequence analysis. Each has been transferred to transgenic plants and was found to be expressed in petunia and tobacco plants in a regulated manner as in soybean plants. Both the alpha'- and beta-subunit proteins were accumulated only in transgenic seeds during mid-to-late stages of seed development and assembled into multimeric forms with sedimentation coefficients of 7S and 9S. The alpha'- and beta-subunit genes were also introduced on the same plasmid into transgenic plants. When the promoters of the two genes were proximal to each other, there was an increase in the expression of the beta-subunit gene, suggesting that there is a strong cis-acting sequence in the alpha'-gene (promoter) that can affect expression of the beta-subunit gene. A series of deletion mutants was constructed in the alpha'-gene promoter, and each was introduced into petunia plants. The DNA sequence approximately 250 bp upstream of the transcriptional initiation site contains sufficient regulatory information for expression of the alpha'-subunit gene. The sequence about 200 bp upstream contains four 6-bp repeats A (AGCCCA) that may play an important role in regulating expression of the alpha'-gene. The function of this DNA sequence (-78 to -257) was tested in a chimeric gene construct containing the CaMV 35S promoter, the CAT coding sequence, and the 3' noncoding region of the alpha'- gene. A dramatic enhancement of the CAT gene expression (at least 40-fold) resulted when this DNA sequence was inserted into the 35S promoter at a position 90 bp upstream of the transcription start site, regardless of the orientation of the insert. There was a two- to threefold enhancement when the element was placed 6' to the CAT coding region and no enhancement when placed downstream of the 3' noncoding region. The enhancement was observed only in seeds during mid-to-late stages of seed development. This indicates that the 170-bp DNA sequence can function as a strong cis-acting element that controls seed-specific and temporally regulated gene expression. This element is defined as a seed-specific and developmentally regulated element (SDRE).
Antigens, Plant↗
Experimental studies of the injurious effects of Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers and their outdoor applications.
Comparison of the dose-response relationship of retinal damage induced by Q-switched (Q-sw) Nd:YAG lasers was conducted for rabbits and monkeys. Experimental results indicated that the two probit regression lines were parallel to each other, and the damage threshold (ED50) ratio was approximately 1:3.57. Observations of the injurious effects of Q-sw Nd:YAG rangefinders--the total energy level being about 10-100 mJ--and their injurious distances are reported in this paper. A brief description is given of coagulative and hemorrhagic pathological changes under different exposure conditions and at various distances.
Accidents, Occupational↗
[Acute toxicity testing (LD50) of Chinese mineral drugs].
Acute toxicity and LD50 of 62 mineral drugs were determined by ig, ip or iv in mice, in order to provide some guidelines for safety in clinical use, as well as for pharmacological and toxicological studies. In the present investigation, the difference in the acute toxicity and LD50 between raw drugs and medicines prepared by roasting is explained.
Animals↗
[Chemical constituents of Dysosma aurantiocaulis (H.-M.) Hu and Dysosma pleianthum Woods].
Roots of D. aurantiocaulis and D. pleianthum contain ten lignans: picropodophyllin, podophyllotoxin, 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin, diphyllin, dehydropodophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxone, picropodophyllone, isopicropodophyllone, 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxone and dysosmajol; two anthraquinones: physcion and dysoanthraquinone. A HPLC method for the identification of aryltetralin lignans is described.
Anthraquinones↗
Kinetics of antiviral state in cells activated by interferons in vitro.
It was found that development of antiviral state in cells activated by IFN alpha and beta were quite rapid. After 6-7 h treatment IFN alpha and IFN beta protected cells completely and their effects lasted for another 9-12 h after removing them from the cultures. Then the effect declined, but some protective action remained after 48 h of incubation. IFN-gamma was different from IFN alpha or beta. It activated cells much more slowly, and could not protect cells completely before 24 h of treatment. When we compared three concentrations of IFN-alpha, the cells could not be protected completely by 5 IU/ml, and kinetics were similar with 250 and 25 IU/ml. When we added anti-IFN-alpha serum before IFN treatment, the development of the antiviral state was inhibited. The results suggested that one should adopt different ways when titrating and using different forms of IFN, and it might not be needed to use maximal tolerated doses and daily administrations, and to keep the high level of IFN for a long time. We think that these results might be useful for the clinicians considering the optimal schedule for IFN treatment.
Cell Line↗
[Study on the mechanism of denuded tongue coating due to yin deficiency].
Denuded tongue coating is an important sign of serious Yin deficiency. The total number of exfoliated cells increased in the imprint of a Yin-deficient tongue. Not only the cells of the superficial layer but those of the middle layer appeared. Many necrotic cells could also be seen. This picture showed that the cell exfoliation rate of a Yin-deficient tongue was faster than in a normal tongue, caused chiefly by the degeneration and necrosis of the epithelial cells. It is believed that cell necrosis is the principal feature of the Yin-deficient tongue. This is in accordance with the TCM theory that denuded tongue coating is due to exhaustion of Yin fluid. Study on lingual morphology: The filiform papillae disappeared in slices of Yin-deficient tongue. The fungiform papillae had atrophied, the number of strata of epithelial cells reduced, and there were no complete keratinocytes or granules, tonofilaments and membrane coating granules in the cytoplasm. Observation of the microcirculation of fungiform papillae of a Yin-deficient tongue showed: the structure of vessels was abnormal, blood flowed slowly, red blood cells aggregated and the vessels dilated. Microcirculation of the blood was stagnant. The disturbance of microcirculation could accelerate the abnormal metabolism of lingual epithelial cells and cell necrosis, resulting in denuded tongue coating. Analysis of salivary zinc level: The salivary zinc level (0.232 micrograms/ml) of the patients with Yin-deficient tongue was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects (0.099 micrograms/ml). Zinc can affect the formation and function of nuclear spindle in cellular mitosis. The change of zinc level may be a pathogenic factor in Yin-deficient tongue.
Adult↗
[Analysis of 35 cases of pathology in yin deficiency syndrome].
Thirty-five cases of the pattern of Yin deficiency were studied including 18 cases of Liver and Kidney Yin deficiency, 2 cases of Lung and Kidney Yin deficiency, 15 cases of heat invasion into Ying and Blood with deficiency both in Qi and Yin. These cases displayed the following characteristics: (1) Course of the disease was insidious, protracted and prone to frequent exacerbations. (2) Clinical manifestations resulted mostly from functional impairment or metabolic derangements in vital organs/tissues, thus manifesting pleomorphism and complexity. Pathologic changes could be seen in almost all organs and tissues, being mostly marked in the liver, adrenals, testes, gastrointestinal tract, lungs and heart. The liver showed chronic active inflammatory changes or subacute necrosis. The adrenal cortex was overtly atrophic, involving all zones. Cell cytoplasm was scant and red stained with loss of lipid vesicles. The testis was also markedly atrophic. There was interstitial edema with scattering of convoluted seminiferous tubules. There was mild hyperplasia of the basement membrane. The germinal cell layer was thin and spermatogenesis decreased. Gastrointestinal mucosa was thin generally and submucosal edema was evident. Infiltrating inflammatory cells were predominantly lymphocytes. (3) These changes could be categorized as blood stasis, chronic inflammation, necrosis and atrophy that signify degeneration with impairment or loss of function. As a whole, Yin deficiency syndrome is merely a nonspecific term that covers a conglomeration of sundry chronic disease state.
Adult↗
[Observation on the fluidity of human erythrocyte membranes in patients with blood stasis syndrome].
In order to approach the relationship between the TCM typology of blood stasis syndrome and the fluidity of human erythrocyte membrane, the fluidity of human erythrocyte membrane was examined in 14 healthy volunteers, 21 patients with coronary heart disease and 14 patients with cancer by measuring the degree of fluorescence polarization using DPH as a fluorescent probe. The patients with coronary heart disease and the cancer patients were all of the TCM typology of blood stasis syndrome. The results showed: (1) The fluorescence polarization (P) of normal group was 0.294 +/- 0.007, and the microviscosity (pi) was 3.656 +/- 0.237. (2) The P of the group of coronary heart disease with blood stasis syndrome was 0.328 +/- 0.013, and the pi was 6.787 +/- 1.028. Both were significantly higher than those of the normal group (P less than 0.05). (3) The P of the group of cancer with blood stasis syndrome was 0.333 +/- 0.011, and the pi was 6.698 +/- 1.357. Both were significantly higher than those of the normal group (P less than 0.05). (4) Yet no significant difference was noticed between the group of coronary heart disease and the group of cancer (P greater than 0.05). The higher the pi of erythrocyte membrane, the lower the fluidity of erythrocyte membrane. The lower fluidity of erythrocyte membrane in patients with blood stasis syndrome can result in the declined ability of erythrocytic deform which can accelerate the disturbance of microcirculation. This accords with the TCM theory about blood stasis syndrome.
Blood Viscosity↗