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Z Lojda

Publications and source records attributed to Z Lojda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Histochemistry of enzymes in the pancreas of human embryos.

12 human embryos and fetuses (in weeks 4 to 20 of the intrauterine life) were studied using the methods according to Lojda for the activity of the following enzymes: alkaline and acid phosphatases (AlP, AcP), acid nonspecific esterase (AE), ATP- splitting enzymes (ATP-ase), beta-glucuronidase, aminopeptidases A and M (APA, APM), dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH). Glycogen content was determined by PAS method. In the youngest embryos, a high activity of DPP IV was recorded in the epithelium of differentiating primitive glandular tubules. Activity of other peptidases was low. The activity of AcP was found in tubular epithelium and mesenchymal cells. After week 7, glycogen was present in the supranuclear zone of tubule epithelium. In older fetuses, especially after week 15 of the intrauterine life, the activity of all studied enzymes gradually intensifies. In acinic anlage, a high activity of DPP IV was observed, activity of APM and GGT increased, activity of APA was lower. A relatively high activity of peptidases was recorded even in the epithelium of ducts. The capillaries showed a high activity of AlP and ATP-ase.

Gestational Age↗
PubMed1991

The antiatherogenic dose response effect of verapamil in an experimental atherosclerosis model in the rabbit.

The aim of the study was to assess the dose dependence of the antiatherogenic effect of verapamil (Isoptin, Lek Ljubljana, Yugoslavia) in rabbits fed 1% cholesterol diet. Verapamil was administered subcutaneously at doses of 0.25, 1 and 2 mg.kg-1/day at 12-hour intervals for 8 weeks. The results indicate verapamil administered s.c. exerts a preventive anti-atherosclerotic effect only in therapeutic doses (0.25 mg.kg-1). The beneficial effect of low-dose verapamil can also be seen in the spectrum of serum lipids as the drug lowers the levels of total cholesterol and triacylglycerols. Compared with the results obtained from a group receiving diet without Ca-antagonist premedication, high doses do not reduce the extent of atheromatous plaques.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

[Lysosomal activity in enterocytes in the small intestine in piglets experimentally infected with Isospora suis].

The lysosomal activity of enterocytes of the small intestine mucosa was investigated in gnotobiotic and conventional piglets experimentally infected on the first day after birth (DAB) by the oocysts of the coccidia Isospora suis. A method of the proof of beta-D-glucuronidase (EC.3.2.1.31.) activity was used to demonstrate lysosomes. The piglets were infected by different infection doses of oocysts (100,000 oocysts in gnotobiotic piglets and 200,000 oocysts in conventional piglets). In the gnotobiotic infected piglets the activity of beta-D-glucuronidase in enterocyte lysosomes was investigated in the period from day 3 to day 11 after infection (DAI) and in the infected conventional piglets in the period from day 2 to day 10 after infection. Comparing the control piglets, the group of gnotobiotic piglets at the age of 2-5 days and the group of conventional piglets at the age of 4-7 days, the higher activity of beta-D-glucuronidase was demonstrated in the lysosomes of intestinal mucosa enterocytes in the gnotobiotic control piglets (+5.30 of the average density value, Dx). In the infected gnotobiotic and conventional piglets the pattern of beta-D-glucuronidase activity was found to have three stages in the course of this infection. Two stages can be characterized by a great increase in the enzyme activity (DAI 3-9 in gnotobiotic piglets, DAI 2-3 and 7-9 in conventional piglets. The third stage, which is manifest mainly in the conventional infected piglets, is characterized by a marked decrease in the activity of beta-D-glucuronidase, reaching the level of control findings (DAI 10 and mainly 11 in gnotobiotic piglets. DAI 4-6 and 10 in conventional piglets). A topographical picture shows that the two stages of increase and the stage of beta-D-glucuronidase activity decrease occur in the whole small intestine without any predisposition defect of the enzyme in the different sections of the small intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Density of selected enzymes in the goblet cells of the small intestine in piglets experimentally infected with the coccidium Isospora suis].

The density of selected enzymes in the goblet cells of the mucous membrane of the small intestine was studied in a group of 12 gnotobiotic piglets experimentally infected with the coccidium Isospora suis one day after parturition (DPP), using the Vickers M-786 scanning and integrating microdensity meter. At an infecting dose of 100,000 oocysts of I. suis, the histochemistry of the goblet cells of the mucous membrane of the piglets changed significantly in the period of 4 to 10 days after infection (DPI). Increases occur in the density of non-specific esterase (EC. 3.1.1.1.) and acid phosphatase (EC. 3.13.2.). The density of acid and neutral muco-substances declines and the densities of alkaline phosphatase (EC. 3.1.3.1.) and aminopeptidase M (EC. 3.4.11.2) are significantly high. The goblet cells of the mid and posterior parts of jejunum are very similar in their histochemistry in the experimentally infected gnotobiotic piglets. In the duodenum and ileum the histochemical picture of the goblet cells shows no substantial difference from the data recorded in the goblet cells of the mucous membrane of the small intestine of the four control piglets at an age of two to seven days.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

[Densitometric analysis of aminopeptidase M activity in small intestine mucosa in piglets experimentally infected with Isospora suis].

In gnotobiotical and conventional piglets infected a day post partum (DPP) with oocysts of the coccidium Isospora suis, densitometrical analysis of the activity of aminopeptidase M (EC.3.4.11.2; APM) was performed in the area of microvillous zone of the small intestine. Piglets were infected with different infection doses of oocysts (100,000 oocysts) in gnotobiotical piglets and 200,000 oocysts in conventional piglets). In infected gnotobiotical piglets, the APM activity was studied in the period from the 3rd to 11th day after infection (DAI) and in infected conventional piglets in the period of to the 2nd to 10th day after infection (DAI). Control piglets, in the group of the gnotobiotical animals at the age of 2 to 5 days in the group of the conventional animals at the age of 4 to 7 days, had different APM activity in the microvillous zone of the intestinal mucosa. It was stated that the microvillous zone of the intestinal mucosa gained higher values in control conventional piglets (+7.01 mean values of density). In infected gnotobiotical piglets the density fall of the reaction product of APM was demonstrated already on the third day with further marked reduction of APM density on the 4th day after infection in the whole small intestine with predominance of the persisting APM activity in ileum. Even despite the slight increase in the density of the reaction product of APM in the period from the 5th to 7th DAI (the highest increase in APM density on the 6th DAI), a further decrease of the activity was recorded again on the 8th and namely the 9th DAI in the whole small intestine (the lowest value of density was found in the rear jejunum), the ileum mucosa being affected, too. A slightly higher density of the reaction product of APM was found in the duodenum. On the 10th DAI the APM density started to change and on the 11th DAI in the duodenum and in the middle jejunum it even reached higher values in comparison with the control data. Some differences were proved in the infected conventional piglets in comparison with the development of the APM activity in the small intestine mucosa in the infected gnotobiotical piglets. On the 3rd and 4th DAI APM defect occurred in the whole small intestine, with APM density prevailing in the ileum mucosa (like in the group of infected gnotobiotical piglets). The second period of decrease in APM activity lasted for almost four days (6th to 9th DAI).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1990

[Histochemistry of selected peptidases in small intestine mucosa in piglets experimentally infected with Isospora suis].

In the small intestine mucosa of 24 gnotobiotical piglets experimentally infected the first day post partum with oocysts of the coccidium Isospora suis, the activities of dipeptidylpeptidase IV (EC.3.4.14.5.; DAP IV) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (EC.2.3.2.2.; GGT) in the microvillous zone of enterocytes were evaluated by scanning densitometry. The tissue of the small intestine in piglets infected with a dose of 100,000 oocysts of the coccidia of I. suis was examined in the period from the first till the eleventh day post infection (DPI). In the control piglets at the age of 2-5 days it was found that most of the DAP IV activity was located in the microvillous zone of the enterocytes of the middle jejunum, rear jejunum and ileum. The DAP IV activity of duodenum mucosa was lower; as compared with the activity in the mucosa of the jejunum and ileum it reached 53-57%. In the case of GGT activity, the highest density values of the reaction product were recorded in the microvillous zone of enterocytes of the duodenum and the whole jejunum, the lowest in the ileum mucosa (86-89%) of the activity found in the duodenum and jejunum). During the experimental infection the infected piglets had a significant deficit of both peptidases, especially DAP IV (the whole studied period). The development of GGT activity was slightly different with the onset of the marked decline of the enzyme activity only on the fifth DPI. The lower GGT activity persisted till the eighth DPI. The density of the GGT reaction product began to return to the normal on the ninth to eleventh DPI. No predisposition in the location of the deficit was observed in the peptidases studied during the infection. The decline of the activity of both enzymes influenced also the mucosa of all studied parts of the small intenstine. The difference lay in the relevance of lowering of the density of reaction product of DAP IV and GGT on other DPI and in the different intensities of the return of the activity to the physiological normal.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Histochemistry of some enzymes in human embryonic and fetal placentae.

Activities of the following enzymes were assessed in cryostat sections of human embryonic and fetal placentae aged 7 to 22 weeks of the intrauterine life using the standard methods recommended by Lojda et al. (1978): alkaline phosphatase (AIP), and acid phosphatase (AcP), non-specific esterase (ANE), ATP-cleaving enzymes (ATP-ase), beta-glucuronidase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DPP IV), aminopeptidase A and M (APA, APM), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH, SDH). Since week 7 high activity of AIP has been proved in the apical zone of the plasmodiotrophoblast. At the same time the DPP IV activity appeared in the plasmodiotrophoblast, in the stroma of villi, and, latter on, in vascular endothelium. In the fetal placenta the APA activity was pronounced both in the cytotrophoblast and the stroma of villi. The activities of AcP and ANE were relatively weak. In the course of development the activities of most enzymes were gradually increasing.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Alkaline phosphatase activity in goblet cells in the small intestine of piglets experimentally infected with the coccidium Isospora suis].

Alkaline phosphatase activity (EC. 3.1.3.1.) in goblet cells was investigated in the small intestine of 16 gnotobiotic piglets infected one day after delivery (DAD) by different rates of oocysts of Isospora suis coccidia. At a high infection rate of I. suis (750,000) the goblet cells were found to be highly positive to alkaline phosphatase on day 3 to day 4 after infection (DAI). In piglets infected by a low infection rate of I. suis oocysts (100,000) the activity of alkaline phosphatase activity in goblet cells was proved on days 4 to 10 after infection. In the first group of piglets, the positive goblet cells prevailed in the middle region of jejunum, with the peak on 4th DAI. It the second group of piglets a marked increase in the alkaline phosphatase activity was recorded in the goblet cells in the posterior part of jejunum on days 4 to 5 after infection and on 10th DAI. No alkaline phosphatase activity in the goblet cells was demonstrated in the control gnotobiotic piglets at the age of two to seven days.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

[Activity of mucosubstances and the goblet cell count in the large intestine of piglets infected with the coccidium, Isospora suis].

In a group of conventional and gnotobiotic piglets experimentally infected with the Isospora suis coccidia the quantitative presence of acid and neutral mucous substances in the large intestine and the counts of goblet cells in the surface mucosa and in Lieberkühnis crypts (in the following text called just the crypts) were investigated. In conventional piglets infected with the dose of 200,000 oocysts of I. suis coccidia the lowest content of acid mucous substances was recorded from the eighth to tenth day after infection (DAI). A decrease in the activity of neutral mucous substances was somewhat slower. The lowest count of goblet cells was found on DAI 9, especially on the surface mucosa (4.89 to 4.91 goblet cells per 10 enterocytes). There was observed no difference in the piglets infected the first and fifth day after parturition (DAP). Gnotobiotic piglets infected with the dose of 100,000 oocysts of I. suis coccidia on DAP 1 showed the lowest content of mucous substances in the large intestine from the ninth to tenth day after infection. Unlike the conventional piglets, in gnotobiotic piglets there was recorded a decrease in the content of acid and neutral mucous substances. The gnotobiotic piglets had the lowest counts of goblet cells in the surface mucosa (10:4.57) and in the crypts (10:7.71) on DAI 9. As to the quantitative proportions, in the conventional and gnotobiotic piglets neutral mucous substances prevailed on the other days (DAI 3-7 and DAI 11), similarly like on DAI 8. The results of this investigation revealed a functional disease of the large intestine in conventional and gnotobiotic piglets infected experimentally with the Isospora suis coccidia.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Morphometric analysis of the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the small intestine of piglets infected with the coccidium Isospora suis].

Gnotobiotical one-day-old piglets were infected with 100,000 Isospora suis coccidia oocysts, and were immediately killed. In piglets killed on the 3rd to 11th day after infection (DAI), the morphometric analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity was performed in the area of the microvillus zone of small intestine. In the control 2-7 days old animals, the small intestine was not equally supplied with alkaline phosphatase. In duodenum the activity reached 88.37 per cent of the active length of absorbent surface (% LAac), in the middle jejunum 95.98 per cent LAac, in the dorsal jejunum 78.63% LAac and the ileum 90.55 % LAac. The width of the active area was more balanced and ranged from 5.003 microM in the ileum to 6.129 microM in the dorsal jejunum. In infected gnotobiotical piglets the lowest activity was found out on the 3rd to 4th DAI, with a greater decline on the 9th day after infection. The range from 25.99 to 40.50 per cent LAac with minimum in the duodenum and maximum in the ileum was observed on the 3rd DAI. In the middle and dorsal ileum the activity was nearly equal (28.34 and 27.69 per cent LAac). nI the dorsal jejunum a moderate increasing was up to 47.13% LAac on the 4th DAI, with the exception of the ileum, where the activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased to 24.96% LAac. On the 9th DAI the activity of alkaline phosphatase was nearly equal in the whole small intestine (from 55.70 to 60.01% LAac) with the maximum in the middle jejunum. In the width of the reaction product a direct dependence on the total activity of alkaline phosphatase was evident only in the segment of the middle and dorsal jejunum and ileum, but merely on the period of the 3rd to 4th DAI. The lowest values were measured in the middle jejunum (0.982 micron on the 3rd DAI and 0.709 micron on the 4th DAI). No dependence was observed between the total activity and the reaction product in the middle jejunum (0.982 micron on the 3rd DAI and 0.709 micron on the 4th DAI), there was no general stabilisation of the activity of alkaline phosphatase.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Histochemical study of alkali-burned rabbit anterior eye segment in which severe lesions were prevented by aprotinin treatment.

Activities of different enzymes (acid glycosidases, phosphatases, Na+ - K+ -dependent ATPase, proteases, dehydrogenases) and acid glycosaminoglycans were studied by histochemical methods in sections of rabbit anterior eye segments after experimental alkali burn and treatment with aprotinin, an inhibitor of plasmin and other serine proteinases. Solutions of sodium hydroxide (0.25-1.0 M) were applied on corneas using 12-mm-diameter plastic tube for 15-60 s. After wiping with cotton and rinsing with tap water aprotinin solutions were applied in saline (in experimental animals) and saline (in control animals) dropwise in 12-h intervals for a month. Within the first two weeks aprotinin was used at a concentration of 5000 IU/ml. During the subsequent two weeks the aprotinin concentration was reduced to 2500 IU/ml. Striking differences in enzyme activities and in the healing between treated and untreated eyes were found. Without aprotinin, ulcers developed in most corneas within 3 weeks and plasmin was regularly demonstrated in tears and in the aqueous. When aprotinin treatment was started within 24 h after the burn, the number of enzymatically active inflammatory cells was significantly lower, not only in the cornea itself but also in the whole anterior eye segment. With aprotinin treatment no ulcerations and no plasmin in tears and the aqueous were observed and the corneas healed within a month. The healing process started from the zone of enzymatically activated corneal cells in the unburned zone at the corneal periphery. In the regenerating epithelium and endothelium high activities of Na+ -K+ -dependent ATPase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate and succinate dehydrogenases appeared very soon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Histochemical detection of alpha-D-galactosidase with 5-Br-4-Cl-3-indoxyl alpha-D-galactoside.

5-Br-4-Cl-3-indoxyl alpha-D-galactoside was used as a new substrate in azoindoxyl, indigogenic, and tetrazolium procedures for the detection of alpha-D-galactosidase in the light microscope. Compared with the simultaneous azo-dye methods using 1-naphthyl or 6-Br-2-naphthyl alpha-D-galactoside as substrates and hexazotized pararosaniline for simultaneous coupling, primarily the azoindoxyl method with hexazotized pararosaniline and the indigogenic technique proved to be superior. The azoindoxyl reaction is recommended for the localization of alpha-D-galactosidase in lysosomes when freeze-dried celloidin-coated cryostat sections are used: the indigogenic procedure should be employed for the detection of the total activity of the enzyme in combination with the technique of semipermeable membranes. The tetrazolium reaction delivered high amounts of formazan as the final reaction product; however, its localization was less precise than with the azoindoxyl and indigogenic methods. Conspicious species differences were found; except for the small intestine of suckling mice the highest activities of alpha-D-galactosidase were present in different immature and mature rat organs when compared with mouse, hamster, guinea-pig, marmoset monkey, and human tissues.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Histochemistry of the gastric and duodenal mucosa under cimetidine and carbenoxolone treatment.

Histological and histochemical patterns of the gastric and duodenal mucosa was investigated in nine subjects with duodenal ulcer or ulcerlike syndrome after 4 to 5 weeks treatment with cimetidine or carbenoxolone. No spectacular changes were found after carbenoxolone except for a slight increase in goblet cells in the duodenal bulb. In the patients treated with cimetidine, findings suggesting an influence of this drug on the biochemical cytology of parietal cells and some interference in the differentiation of enterocytes were established.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The ratio of enterocytes and goblet cells in the mucosa of the small intestine in experimental infection of piglets with the coccidium Isospora suis].

The proportions of cup-shaped cells and enterocytes were studied in piglets infected the first and fifth day after birth with 200,000 oocysts of Isospora suis. The greatest imbalance was found in the ratio of the cells of the intestinal mucous membrane in the region of middle and lower jejunum (ratio of 10:1.75)--this was recorded the third to fourth day after infection when the ratio made 10:0.62, whereas in the control animals it was 10:5.7. On the eighth to ninth day after infection the number of cup-shaped cells began to increase, the ratio reaching the values of 10:2.62. Even the 13th day after infection the ratio remained far from normal (10:2.50).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Enzyme histochemistry in the developing suprarenal gland of human embryos.

The localization of the activities of some selected phosphatases, peptidases and dehydrogenases were studied in cryostat sections of the developing anlage of the suprarenal gland of human embryos from 8 to 20 weeks of the intra-uterine life. In the youngest fetuses under our notice (weeks 8-12), the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) on the cellular membranes of the fetal cortex was very low. In contrast, the activity of acid phosphatase (AcP) was comparatively high. Peak activity was found in the cells of the central zone of the fetal cortex. Compared to the activity of the latter, the activity of non-specific esterase (ANE) was somewhat lower. Both its localization and the gradient were identical with those of acid phosphatase. Of the peptidases studied, only dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) exhibited slight activity in deeper layers of the primitive fetal cortex after week 8. The other peptidases exhibited only traces of activity. As early as in the first stages followed, the activity of glycero-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) was very high in all cells of the differentiating fetal cortex. The intensity of the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) was markedly lower. In older fetuses (weeks 13-20) there was a gradual increase in the activities of most enzymes, seen, after week 15 of the intrauterine life, also in the cells of the so-called definitive cortex. Most pronounced were the increases in the activities of acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase. The relatively low activities of the enzymes under study point to a relatively low degree of cell differentiation of both the primitive and, after week 15, the definitive cortex. Pronounced morphological and functional changes occur after the 20th week of the intrauterine life.

Adrenal Glands↗