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Biomedical subjects

Z Seneklová

Publications and source records attributed to Z Seneklová.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Conformal radiotherapy].

The aim of curative radiotherapy is the administration of tumor-lethal dose to an exactly defined target volume with minimal surrounding healthy tissue toxicity. In the conformal radiotherapy it is possible to conform the shape of irradiated volume to an irregular target volume. It allows using more intensive tumor irradiation without increase of the surrounding tissue toxicity. Dose intensification for the tumor tissue significantly improves the local control and thus it can considerably increase the patient's chance for survival. Decrease of the surrounding tissue toxicity can bring about also a higher quality of the patient's life.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

[Concomitant chemoradiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

Radiotherapy is a standard treatment method for the nasopharyngeal carcinoma due to the anatomy of these tumors and their easy locoregional spreading. Surgery is used only in case of recurrent or persistent lymph node involvement. Nasopharyngeal carcinomas are dose dependent. Results of conventional and fractionation radiotherapy has reached a stable level. Improvement of local control and overall survival depends on new technologies and research results. Concomitant chemoradiotherapy represents a standard method in the treatment of locally progressive disease. Hyperfractionated or accelerated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy has been used in some clinical studies to shorten the treatment time.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2003

[Concomitant chemoradiotherapy in tumors of the pancreas].

Pancreatic tumors are malignancies with poor prognosis. The total five-year survival is achieved only in 1-2% of patients of all stages. Only the surgical approach represent a curative treatment. Unfortunately, in the time of diagnosis, only 10-20% of tumours are in the resectable stages. The main reason is probably the low specificity of initial symptoms. Local control of this disease can be improved by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, however, without effects on the overall survival. In potential resectable tumours the concomitant chemoradiotherapy can increase the probability of curative resection. Treatment of locally advanced inoperable tumours is considered as palliative treatment and therefore it is focused namely on the improvement of the quality of the patient's life. Supporting care must become an inseparable part of the concomitant chemoradiotherapy.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2003

[Chemoradiotherapy of non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma].

Lung cancer is the worldwide most widespread tumor disease with very poor prognosis. It is the most frequent cause of death on a malignancy. Surgery remains the treatment of choice, however, it can be applied to a small number of patients who are at the time of diagnosis in the operable stage. Chemoradiotherapy can be used either as an exclusive or as a neoadjuvant treatment. This paper reviews chemoradiotherapy regiments in those two clinical situations. With exclusive chemoradiotherapy, the concomitant scheme seems to be the most favourable.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed2003

[Concomitant chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the uterine cervix].

Cervical carcinoma represents a serious medical and social problem. Its incidence in the Czech republic is two times higher than it is in countries of the European Union. Initial stages of the disease have the best treatment results. But most of patients at the time of diagnosis have advanced inoperable carcinoma. Radiotherapy plays the main role in the treatment. Even though methods of radiotherapy have developed, treatment results have not been satisfying enough. The aim of chemotherapy is to improve these results. The effectiveness of adjuvant, neoadjuvant and concomitant chemotherapy was studied by number of authors. Concomitant chemoradiotherapy is considered as the most effective treatment. Concomitant weekly application of cis-platinum in the dose of 40-50 mg/m2 is a widely used standard regimen. Radiopotential effect of other cytostatic drugs has been studied in several ongoing trials.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed2003

[Adverse effects of concomitant chemoradiotherapy and their prevention and treatment].

Concomitant chemoradiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of malignancies. Concomitant chemoradiotherapy improves the local control and overall survival compare to separate treatment modalities. Combined treatment leads to higher toxicity. Most frequent side effects during concomitant chemoradiotherapy are diarrhoea, mucositis, skin reactions and haematologic toxicity. Optimal combination of treatment modalities, fractionation and dosage of radiotherapy, modern planning techniques and use of radioprotective drugs could decrease the treatment toxicity.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2002

Treatment of uterine sarcoma. A survey of 49 patients.

PURPOSE: Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are employed in the treatment of uterine sarcoma. We claim to evaluate the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of uterine sarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report a retrospective study of 49 patients with uterine sarcoma treated from 1990-1999 at Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute in Brno. All 49 patients had surgery, 19 (38.7%) had adjuvant radiotherapy and 25 (51%) had chemotherapy. Using the FIGO classification: 71.4% had stage I, 6.1% stage II, 16.3%, stage III and 6.1% stage IVa disease. 42.9% of tumors were mixed Müllerian tumors, 34.7% leiomyosarcomas and 22.4% endometrial stromal sarcomas. 12 cases (24.5%) had a local recurrence, 7 (14.3%) had hematogenous dissemination. There was an increased disease free interval (DFI) for patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy (p = 0.005). The DFI was favourably influenced by the stage of the disease. Of 12 patients with a local recurrence only one had postoperative radiotherapy. Radiotherapy had an impact on overall survival (OS). The five-year OS probability was 51.6% without radiotherapy and 88.9% with radiotherapy (p = 0.0066). CONCLUSION: We conclude that postoperative radiotherapy in our series of patients diagnosed with uterine sarcoma has an impact on locoregional and disease-free progression intervals (LRFI, DFI) and overall survival (OS). The most important prognostic factor is the extend of the disease (stage). Stage I patients have a significantly better survival.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic tumors].

Pancreatic tumours belong among oncological diseases with a very poor prognosis. The total five-year survival is 1-2%. Surgical resection with a curative intention increases the probability of five-year survival to 10-20%. However only some 10% tumours are diagnosed in the resectable stage. The reason is the low specificity of initial symptoms. Earlier diagnosis and improvement of survival could be promoted by improvement of imaging methods and endoscopic techniques. Improvement of therapeutic results in selected indications can be achieved by adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, possibly their combination). Treatment of inoperable stages of the disease is focused in particular on improvement of the quality of the patient's life. Its aim is specially to mitigate pain and reduce the consumption of analgesics, to ensure bile derivation or release the passage through the digestive tract. This can lead also to improvement of the patient's general condition. Despite advances in molecular biology of pancreatic cancer the results of systemic treatment remain unsatisfactory in advanced tumours. Nevertheless therapeutic nihilism must not prevail nowadays. It is necessary to use new findings in diagnosis and therapy. Patients with this disease should be included in clinical trials investigating optimal therapeutic procedures.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

[Treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy with irradiation].

Orbital radiation therapy appears to be an effective and safe treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Five patients with Graves' ophtalmopathy were treated with external beam radiotherapy during 1996 and 1997 in St. Ann University Hospital. Four of them patients had a past history of hyperthyreoidism, one hypothyreoidism. The radiotherapy was performed with high-energy beam of a linear accelerator. The technique of irradiation employs 2 opposed beams tilted 5 degrees posteriorly. The use of the asymetric jaws is necessary to protect surrounding normal tissues. A course of radiotherapy 20.0 Gy (2.0 Gy per fraction) was given to the patients. The therapy was well tolerated. We have not observed any side late effects of radiotherapy. All patients showed good or excellent responses. The improvement of symptoms appeared within 3-6 months after the irradiation.

Aged↗