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Biomedical subjects

Z Welner

Publications and source records attributed to Z Welner.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Development of a structured psychiatric interview for children: agreement on diagnosis comparing child and parent interviews.

Similar structured diagnostic interviews about the child were given by different interviewers to a cohort of 307 mother-child pairs. A diagnosis was made by computer on each interview, using specified criteria. Diagnoses on mother-child interviews were compared using the kappa statistic. Kappas of .30 or higher were found for the diagnosis of antisocial personality, conduct disorder, enuresis, mixed behavior-neurotic disorder, and possible depression. Comparisons were made for sex and age. Possible depression and enuresis were diagnosed reliably at all age levels and for both sexes. The limitations of the interview and diagnostic system used are discussed. The findings support the need for further efforts to develop diagnostic research interviews for use with children and adolescents.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1980

Effect of tricyclic antidepressants on individual symptoms.

Improvements of individual depressive symptoms in patients with depression was compared between those treated with tricyclic antidepressants (TAD) and those treated with other psychoactive drugs or placebo. In the majority of comparisons, patients did not improve significantly more with TAD than with other drugs or placebo. These findings indicated that tricyclic antidepressants are not useful in the treatment of most patients with depression. Despite our findings, it is realized that a minority of patients with depression may benefit by treatment with tricyclic antidepressants.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1979

Psychiatric adolescent inpatients: eight- to ten-year follow-up.

Seventy-seven adolescent psychiatric inpatients, whose index hospitalization was at a mean age of 16, were followed up for eight to ten years after discharge. The important findings at follow-up were as follows. Twelve patients had bipolar affective disorder and were severely disabled (of these, 11 had a long-term clinical course and three committed suicide). Sixteen patients had unipolar depression: five had one depressive episode and were well throughout the follow-up period, one patient had many episodes with complete remissions, and the remaining ten patients had only partial remissions and their impairment of functioning corresponded to the severity of their symptoms. One of the ten committed suicide. Eighteen (23%) patients were psychiatrically well and functioned adequately throughout the follow-up period. Five had primary depressions, five had undiagnosed psychiatric illness, and eight were diagnosed as not having a psychiatric disorder.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1978

Childhood depression: an overview.

A review of the psychiatric literature on childhood depression indicates confusion in the basic concept of depressive illness in childhood. There is no general agreement on criteria for childhood depression. The diagnosis of depression in childhood is being based on clinical impression, arbitrarily selected criteria, or on a favorable response to treatment with antidepressants. There is no distinction between primary and secondary depression. The diagnosis of "masked depression" is given to children with a wide range of different problems, bassed on the hypothesis that depression in childhood can be manifested by clinical symptomatology quite distinct from that found in adults. However, recent studies do not support this hypothesis. Most studies on childhood depression include a wide range of children in spite of the fact that from the data available in current literature it seems justified to distinguish between the different age groups of children, mainly the prepubertal and the adolescent groups.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1977

Psychopathology in children of inpatients with depression: a controlled study.

One quarter of 29 parents hospitalized for depression had children with episodes of depression (eight out of a total of 75 children). None of the children in 41 families with well parents had episodes of depression (a total of 152 children). The differences were significant at the .01 level. It is suggested that symptoms "equivalent" to depression such as hyperactivity, deviant behavior, and learning difficulties are not required in establishing clinical depression in childhood. The methodological shortcomings in this study were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A controlled study of siblings of hyperactive children.

A controlled study of siblings of hyperactive boys resulted in the following findings. The hyperactive child syndrome is more common among brothers of hyperactive children than among brothers of controls (26 per cent vs. 9 per cent). Both probands and their brothers presented with more symptoms of depression-anxiety than controls. The probands, but not their sibs, presented with more antisocial symptoms than controls. Although differences in intelligence and achievement scores were found between probands, their sibs, and controls, both intelligence level and academic achievement were within normal limits in all groups.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

School-aged children of depressed parents: a blind and controlled study.

This study examines the prevalence of psychiatric dysfunction in the children of parents diagnosed with affective disorders. Sixty children from 37 proband families were compared to 43 children from 26 families obtained from matched controls as well as 20 children from 13 medically ill families. Group differences in diagnosable childhood disorders and familial characteristics are investigated. Significantly more disorders and symptoms were noted in the children with psychiatrically ill parents as compared to children from matched controls and medically ill parents. Using logistic and Cox survival analyses, correlates for the risk of affective disorder, attention deficit and conduct disorder in the children were examined. Maternal depression and paternal alcoholism were related to the risk for depression in the child. The child's sex and the presence of affective disorders in the father were significantly related to the risk for attention deficit disorder. Maternal alcoholism, parental divorce and the type of subject (proband or control family) were significantly related to the risk for conduct disorder. The findings are discussed relative to results from earlier studies on rates of disorder in the offspring of depressed parents.

Adult↗