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Biomedical subjects

Z X Hu

Publications and source records attributed to Z X Hu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study.

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have a high risk of developing NIDDM. The purpose of this study was to determine whether diet and exercise interventions in those with IGT may delay the development of NIDDM, i.e., reduce the incidence of NIDDM, and thereby reduce the overall incidence of diabetic complications, such as cardiovascular, renal, and retinal disease, and the excess mortality attributable to these complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In 1986, 110,660 men and women from 33 health care clinics in the city of Da Qing, China, were screened for IGT and NIDDM. Of these individuals, 577 were classified (using World Health Organization criteria) as having IGT. Subjects were randomized by clinic into a clinical trial, either to a control group or to one of three active treatment groups: diet only, exercise only, or diet plus exercise. Follow-up evaluation examinations were conducted at 2-year intervals over a 6-year period to identify subjects who developed NIDDM. Cox's proportional hazard analysis was used to determine if the incidence of NIDDM varied by treatment assignment. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of diabetes at 6 years was 67.7% (95% CI, 59.8-75.2) in the control group compared with 43.8% (95% CI, 35.5-52.3) in the diet group, 41.1% (95% CI, 33.4-49.4) in the exercise group, and 46.0% (95% CI, 37.3-54.7) in the diet-plus-exercise group (P < 0.05). When analyzed by clinic, each of the active intervention groups differed significantly from the control clinics (P < 0.05). The relative decrease in rate of development of diabetes in the active treatment groups was similar when subjects were stratified as lean or overweight (BMI < or > or = 25 kg/m2). In a proportional hazards analysis adjusted for differences in baseline BMI and fasting glucose, the diet, exercise, and diet-plus-exercise interventions were associated with 31% (P < 0.03), 46% (P < 0.0005), and 42% (P < 0.005) reductions in risk of developing diabetes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Diet and/or exercise interventions led to a significant decrease in the incidence of diabetes over a 6-year period among those with IGT.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of continuous and split-course radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma--an analysis of 1446 cases with squamous cell carcinoma grade 3.

PURPOSE: An analysis of 1446 cases with squamous cell nasopharyngeal carcinoma Grade 3 was made for the comparison of treatment results of continuous (CG) and split-course (SG) radiotherapy regimens. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The patients were given their first definitive radiotherapy at our department from July 1977 to December 1980, 1093 cases by continuous treatment regimen, and 353 cases by split-course regimen. The interval of the split was 10-45 days, mean 28.6 days. Trials were nonrandomized, but the treatment conditions for both groups were the same. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate was 33.6% for CG, and 26.9% for SG. For Stage III and IV patients, the 5-year survival rate was 31% (290/933) for CG, and 21.5% (36/107) and 18.8% (17/90) for those with a split of 21-30 and 31-45 days, respectively (both p < 0.05); the 5-year local control rate was 27.4% (256/933) for CG, and 15.5% (26/167) (p < 0.01), and 15.5% (14/90) (p < 0.05) for those with a split of 21-30 and 31-45 days, respectively. The metastatic rate in 5-years was 21.59% vs. 27.48% for CG to SG (p < 0.01), but not different statistically for any subgroup. No relation was confirmed between local control rate and radiation dose. CONCLUSION: According to the data obtained in this series, we believe that the treatment results of CG were superior to those of SG, especially for Stage III and IV patients, and those with a split of 21 days or more.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A study on phenytoin pharmacokinetics in 15 patients with refractory epilepsy].

Monitoring of serum concentration and studying of individual clinical pharmacokinetics of phenytoin (PHT) were made in 15 patients with refractory epilepsy who had taken PHT and other antiepileptic drugs for a long time. The results showed that 10 of them were tolerant to PHT and their effective doses were higher than the routine ones; 2 of them showed striking fluctuation of serum PHT concentration within 24 hours; In the remaining patients serum PHT concentration during menstruation was much lower than that during ovulation. According to their different characteristics we gave them reasonable and individualized adjustment in dose and time interval of taking PHT. The seizures of all the patients were controlled satisfactorily. It is suggested that some of the patients with refractory epilepsy may have special PHT pharmacokinetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Further explorations of abnormalities in serum proteins following burns.

This report extends our earlier studies of the abnormal protein bands found in burn sera by use of Western blotting and ion exchange chromatography. The current studies indicated that some of the protein bands contained materials with immunosuppressive activity. One of these materials cross reacted with anti human haptoglobin antibody. Many of the other proteins in the bands were found to be acute phase reactant proteins without immunosuppressive activity. Some proteins in these bands have not yet been characterized or tested for immunosuppressive activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Pulsed Doppler technique in evaluation of pulmonary hypertension.

A pulsed Doppler technique combined with cross sectional echocardiography was used to examine the flow velocity pattern in the pulmonary artery (PA) in 17 patients with PA hypertension documented by cardiac catheterization and in 16 healthy subjects as control. In healthy subjects the blood flow pattern in systole showed a round shape, in PA hypertension group it was either narrow triangular or intermediate. There was a significant correlation between the corrected acceleration time and mean PA pressure, the coefficient being -0.78. An improved correlation (r = -0.82) was found between acceleration time and natural log of mean PA pressure. Using PA acceleration time of 100 ms or less as a criteria resulted in a 76.5% sensitivity and a 100% specificity for detection of PA hypertension. This technique made the noninvasive estimation of pulmonary hypertension possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Hepatic resection under the guidance of B-mode ultrasonography.

From Dec. 1987 to June 1988, we performed hepatic resection on 8 cases of primary liver cancer and 10 cases of benign liver tumor under the guidance of B-mode ultrasound. Of 18 cases, 2 received right hemihepatectomy, 5 underwent left hemihepatectomy or left lateral lobectomy, 9 had segmentectomy and 2 were treated by tumor removal. There was no operative death. Postoperatively, pleural effusion occurred in 3 cases and biliary fistula in 2 cases. The hospitalization time was 14-52 days with a mean of 29 days. Our results showed that the intraoperative B-mode ultrasound could not only demonstrate the number, size and boundary of lesions but also exhibit the location and orientation of the intrahepatic conduit system and its 3-dimensional relation with the lesions. It is very helpful in dealing with the intrahepatic vessels and ducts.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Abnormalities of serum proteins following thermal injury.

Suppressive factors were found to be present in serum and considered to be one of the causes of the suppression of body defences following thermal injury. The purpose of this study was to find out any abnormality of the postburn serum proteins by the comparison of burned and normal sera using immunoprecipitation in gel. The results of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis showed that differing precipitation bands or peaks existed between burned and normal sera, and abnormal constituents with relatively low molecular weight were present in the burned serum.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of continuous and split-course radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

From July 1977 through December 1980, a series of 1882 cases with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) had their first definitive radiotherapy course at our department, 1424 cases by continuous treatment regimen, and 458 cases by a split-course regimen. The interval of the split was 11-45 days, with an average of 28.6 days. Trials were non-randomized, but the treatment conditions for both groups were the same. The overall 5-year survival rate was 34.6%, 35.4% for the continuous group and 31.8% for the split-course group. The 5-year survival rate for Stage IV patients (squamous cell carcinoma Grade III) was 25.7% (69/268) for the continuous group and 14.1% (10/71) for the split-course group. Breaking down the cases by primary and cervical metastatic sites, for T3 cases, the 5-year local control rate for the primary site was 29.4% (133/451) for the continuous group, and 18.6% (22/118) for the split-course group. These differences are statistically significant (p less than 0.05). However, according to the data shown by this series, we can conclude that the split-course treatment regimen had no benefit over the continuous one when overall 5-year survival is considered.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

Bone marrow granulopoietic response to scalds and wound infection in mice.

Phagocytic cell function is often suppressed after thermal injury. It has been suggested that one of the mechanisms of suppression is a direct effect of thermal injury upon these cells. In the present study we examined whether bone marrow haemopoietic stem cells were suppressed by thermal injury similar to the effect seen on mature haemopoietic cells. Results of both in vitro bone marrow cell cultures and in vivo spleen colony assays showed that granulopoiesis was not suppressed but activated early on day 3 following scald injury or scald plus wound infection in mice. In the latter group, stimulation of granulopoiesis persisted throughout the entire observation period of 9 days. These studies indicate that bone marrow pluripotent stem cells are capable of modulating their direction of differentiation according to body demand and deviate toward the granulocyte series following thermal injury.

Agranulocytosis↗