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Biomedical subjects

Z Zadák

Publications and source records attributed to Z Zadák.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Colon submucosal microdialysis: a novel in vivo approach in barrier function assessment - a pilot study in rats.

During shock, prognosis of a patient depends largely on intestinal barrier function. The potency of gut epithelium to represent an obstacle to toxins is determined by the blood supply. All established methods of mucosal function determination necessitate the functional involvement of bloodstream. Microdialysis allows monitoring of extracellular substances in the gut submucosa, but its potential use for gut barrier integrity assessment is unknown. Twelve rats underwent perfusion of the descending colon either with 20 % ethanol or control medium (vehicle). Both media contained equal amounts of a radioactive tracer substance ((51)Cr-EDTA). Mucosal permeability for (51)Cr-EDTA was assessed by microdialysate to luminal perfusate activity ratios. Sampling was performed using the colon submucosal microdialysis technique. The group subjected to ethanol treatment had profound macro- and microscopical alterations in perfused colonic segment associated with a significant increase in tracer permeability during ethanol exposure (2.354+/-0.298 % for ethanol as opposed to 0.209+/-0.102 % for control group, p 0.01), which remained elevated for 60 min after cessation of ethanol administration (3.352+/-0.188 % for ethanol compared to 0.140+/-0.0838 % for the control group, p 0.001). Submucosal microdialysis with radioactive tracer substance can be considered a feasible and advantageous alternative of gut barrier function estimation. Parallel monitoring of local tissue chemistry with this method remains a challenge in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Internist's view on skin manifestations of hyperlipidemia in diabetic patients].

Xanthoma and xanthelasma are typical symptoms of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism impairment. On the basis of their incidence and morphology, it is even possible to specify the impairment type. Hypercholesterolemia or certain liver dysfunctions are characterized by slow development of surface xanthelasmas usually located on mechanically stressed regions (e.g. eyelids). Tuberous and tendinous xanthomas are typical for familiar hypercholesterolemia and are common symptoms of homozygous familiar hypercholesterolemia. Small and quickly developing eruptive xanthomas are typical for mixed hyperlipoproteinemia (secondary hyperlipoproteinemia is typical for diabetes). Mechanism of accumulation of lipids in skin morphs is similar to the development of atheroma, especially when talking about the role of modified LDL and the way of accumulation of lipids in macrophages. The following factors are very important for etiopathogenesis of skin xanthomas development: mechanical stress of tissues, increased permeability of skin capillaries and reaction of proteoglycans in sparse connective tissue. Xanthomas and xanthelasmas are typical indicators of other complicating diseases as e.g. development of acute pancreatitis during hyperlipoproteinemic crisis, aggravation of insulin resistance, and decompensation of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The therapy focuses on adjustment of dietary regime (elimination of dietary fat and concentrated saccharides); no food and sufficient hydration via infusion of crystalloid solutions is indicated in cases of serious hyperlipoproteinemic crisis. In vital indication, it is possible to perform repeated plasmapheresis (or better continual plasmapheresis) that can correct even serious hyperlipoproteinemic crises within several hours. And what is more, continual plasmapheresis can significantly reduce the period when hyperlipoproteinemic crisis might induce acute necrotizing pancreatitis. In the long run, we require that patients strictly observe their dietary regime based on the type of hyperlipoproteinemia. As for medicamentous therapy, fibrates and atorvastatin (from statin family) are the preparations of choice. It is very important not to focus on symptoms, i.e. xanthoma or xanthelasma, but fully compensate lipid metabolism impairment or the disease that underlies hyperlipoproteinemia (e.g. type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome). Unfortunately, it still can be seen that dermatologists, ophthalmologists or plastic surgeons remove extensive xanthelasmas, while the underlying cause is not approached diagnostically and therapeutically at all.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed2004

The effects of parenteral lipid emulsions on cancer and normal human colon epithelial cells in vitro.

Differences in lipid metabolism of tumor and normal tissues suggest a distinct response to available lipid compounds. In this study, the in vitro effects of five types of commercial parenteral lipid emulsions were investigated on human cell lines derived from normal fetal colon (FHC) or colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29). Changes of the cellular lipid fatty acid content, cell oxidative response, and the cell growth and death rates were evaluated after 48 h. No effects of any type of emulsions were detected on cell proliferation and viability. Compared to the controls, supplementation with lipid emulsions resulted in a multiple increase of linoleic and linolenic acids in total cell lipids, but the content of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids decreased particularly in HT-29 cells. The concentration of emulsions which did not affected HT-29 cells increased the percentage of floating and subG0/G1 FHC cells probably due to their higher reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation. Co-treatment of cells with antioxidant Trolox reduced the observed effects. Our results imply that lipid emulsions can differently affect the response of colon cells of distinct origin.

Cell Count↗
PubMed2004

[Significance of plant sterols in diabetes].

Plant sterols occur naturally in plants and vegetable oils. Sitosterol and campesterol are markers of cholesterol absorption. The ratio of cholesterol endogenous synthesis to its absorption may be assessed by sitosterol, campesterol and other non-cholesterol sterols (lathosterol and squalen) serum concentration measurements. In 38 Type 2 diabetics (59.9 years, BMI 29.8 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.6%, C-peptid 0.82 nmol/l) and in 40 non-diabetics (37.2 years, BMI 25.4 kg/m2, HbA1c 5.2%, C-peptid 0.85 nmol/l) plant sterols serum concentration were measured: lathosterol (diabetics 10.64, non-diabetics 6.04 mumol/l, p = 0.09), squalen (diabetics 3.42, non-diabetics 1.78 mumol/l, p < 0.01), sitosterol (diabetics 3.91, non-diabetics 3.80 mumol/l, p = 0.60) and campesterol (diabetics 7.91, non-diabetics 8.85 mmol/l, p = 0.09). In non-diabetics squalen positive correlates with C-peptid, lathosterol with triacylglycerols and campesterol with HbA1c. In diabetics correlates diabetes compensation with plant sterols value negative. It seems that plant sterols and probably also cholesterol absorption can be influenced negative by higher value HbA1c.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Cholestatic icterus during parenteral nutrition and the therapeutic effect of enteral feeding--case report].

An acute operation was made on a 56-year woman for inflammatory perforation of colon. A series of repeated operations followed due to relapsing iatrogenic intestinal fistula and peritonitis. From the day 70 the patient was treated at the Intensive Metabolic Care Unit of the Gerontological and Metabolic Clinic of Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové. Having cured the septic shock the authors prepared the patient to a reconstruction operation on alimentary tract by administering parenteral nutrition, treating the wounds and by motion rehabilitation. From day 150 on the patient was treated with low doses of enteral nutrition into the segment of intestine between the fistulas, in connection with the subsequent decrease of two-month lasting hyperbilirubinemia of 200-260 mumol/l. A successful reconstruction of the alimentary tract was performed on the day 205 of the treatment with the time lapse of 146 days after the last surgical intervention. A three-fold anastomosis on small intestine and a resection of the fistula on the transversal colon was made. The post-operation fistula was healed-up conservatively, while the parenteral nutrition continued, as verified on day 246 by enteroclysis. The paper draws attention to the importance of conservative metabolic care in the therapy of dishiscences of intestinal anastomoses not treated by acute surgery in time. A favourable additive effect of enteral nutrition on the persisting cholestasis during parenteral nutrition is discussed.

Cholestasis↗
PubMed2002

[Parenteral nutrition in catabolic states using Neonutrin 15%, a new amino acid solution].

Development of amino acid solutions for i.v. use proceeds worldwide, the main stimulus being the expanding physiological and pathophysiological findings of specific effects of some amino acids and their metabolism and the need to improve intensive metabolic care. New Czech preparations in this respect are the series of NEONUTRINS 5%, 10% and 15% (Infusia Ltd. Horátev). They are modern preparations which meet the pretentious criteria of contemporary amino acid solutions (balanced ratio of all essential, semiessential and assisting amino acids, a high content of essential and branched-chain amino acids, amino acids with specific pharmacodynamic effects). In a multicentre open clinical study the authors assessed the tolerance, safety and efficacy of NEONUTRIN 15% in 82 patients requiring total parenteral nutrition on account of catabolic states of different etiology. The preparation was administered repeatedly in an all-in-one mixture (together with glucose and lipid emulsions) by means of a central venous catheter. A total of 801 doses was administered. The trial provided evidence of very good tolerance and safety of the preparation with a practically zero incidence of undesirable effects. The follow-up of basic indicators of nitrogen metabolism confirmed also the efficacy of NEONUTRIN 15% in comprehensive treatment of patients (stabilization of nitrogen balance in the acute stage of a disease, normalization of the plasmatic aminogram).

Amino Acids, Branched-Chain↗
PubMed2002

[Nutritional support of elderly diabetics with acute diseases from the viewpoint of the diabetologist].

Acute diseases in seniors suffering from diabetes significantly influence their nutritional status which is one of the factors participating in the development of acute hyperglycaemic decompensation of diabetes or hypoglycaemia. Inadequately compensated diabetes in seniors is conversely associated with nutritional disorders and the patient is at greater risk of an acute intercurrent disease. Ensuring optimal nutrition in old diabetics is one of the basic provisions in the treatment of intercurrent acute disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

[Nutritional support and tumor diseases].

The evidence of the use of artificial nutrition in the patients suffering from malignant disease is inconsistent due to ethics and possible support of malignant cells by supplemented substrates. On the contrary, tumor cachexia from various causes is one of the most frequent manifestation of tumor. The indications and composition of artificial nutrition in the intensive care of patients suffering from tumors are discussed owing to the therapy.

Cachexia↗
PubMed2002

[Artificial nutrition in acute pancreatitis].

The authors describe the administration of different types of artificial nutrition depending on the clinical condition of patients with acute pancreatitis. They summarize contemporary findings on the pathophysiology of the disease, evaluation of everity according to Ranson's criteria and the tactics of nutritional support in acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Intestinal permeability in patients with chemotherapy-induced stomatitis.

PURPOSE: Mucositis represents one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy, and may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in stomatitis, dysphagia, dyspepsia, or diarrhea. The aim of the present study was to evaluate intestinal permeability in patients with stomatitis during treatment with oral granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, Leucomax). METHODS: Ten patients with chemotherapy-induced stomatitis and 21 control cancer patients were included in the study. Intestinal permeability in patients with stomatitis was evaluated before and after the treatment with oral GM-CSF (200 micrograms for 4 consecutive days) by measuring urinary lactulose, D-xylose, and mannitol after oral challenge in collected urine using capillary gas chromatography. RESULTS: Mean grade of stomatitis (3, range 2-3) improved during treatment by a mean of 1 grade (range 0-2, sign test P < 0.05) with an improvement observed in eight of ten patients. Lactulose excretion, lactulose/mannitol, and lactulose/xylose ratios were markedly elevated in the patients with mucositis compared with 21 control cancer patients (1.60 +/- 1.04%, 0.2446 +/- 0.2937, and 0.3877 +/- 0.6808 vs 0.35 +/- 0.20%, 0.0332 +/- 0.0148, and 0.0255 +/- 0.0086, respectively, Mann Whitney U-test, P < 0.001). After treatment, lactulose excretion, lactulose/mannitol, and lactulose/xylose ratio decreased significantly (1.60 +/- 1.04 vs 0.63 +/- 0.42%; 0.2446 +/- 0.2937 vs 0.1303 +/- 0.1149; and 0.3877 +/- 0.6808 vs 0.1126 +/- 0.1146, respectively, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lactulose excretion after oral challenge, lactulose/mannitol, or lactulose/xylose ratio may be useful markers for intestinal involvement in chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Improvement of oral mucositis was associated with a significant decrease of intestinal permeability to lactulose. Testing of intestinal permeability by the present method may be useful to evaluate the effect of therapeutic interventions in patients with chemotherapy-induced mucositis.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2001

[Hypocholesterolemia after multiple injuries is not caused by simple hemodilution].

The authors examined in 45 patients with multiple injuries total serum cholesterol levels and the packed cell volume on admission, 24 hours and 48 hours after injury. The cholesterol level in these patients declined as compared with a control group to 0.61 on admission of the patient (on average 102 min. after injury) and to 0.51 and 0.53 24 and 48 hours after injury, while the packed cell volume declined to 0.76 on admission and to 0.64 24 and 48 hours after the injury. The lose correlation between cholesterol and the packed cell volume (r2 = 0.27) suggests the part played by another mechanism of development of hypocholesterolaemia in patients with multiple injuries than mere haemodilution. In eight patients who died no correlation with hypocholesterolaemia was found.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Changes of haemostasis in obese subjects during weight reduction].

In a group of 126 obese subjects hospitalized at the obesitological unit of the Gerontological and Metabolic Clinic, Faculty Hospital Hradec Králové the authors confirmed the effect of short-term modified fasting and a low energy diet on the body weight and body mass index They also proved the influence of weight reduction on normalization of cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols. They did not prove however the influence of short-term modified fasting and a low energy diet on the concentration of some coagulation pareameters (fibrinogen, D-dimers, antithrombin). In the patients a decline of the fibrinolytic activity was observed and an increase of the fibrinolytic capacity. The authors found a close correlation between the decline of the inhibitor of plasminogen-1 activator, an indicator of the fibrinolytic activity, and body weight and lipid changes. The authors proved a close negative correlation between the rise of fibrnolytic capacity and changes of body weight and lipids. In conjunction with the presented results and based on data from the lierature it may be stated that a decline of body weight in obese subjects reduces the risk of the syndrome of insulin resistance. Activation of fibrinolysis in insulin resistance depends directly on the amount of visceral fat and changes of te fibrinolytic properties of blood in obese subsjects depend on the production of PAI-1 by adipocytes of visceral fat.

Antithrombins↗
PubMed2000

Determination of isoprene in human expired breath using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

An analytical method for determination of isoprene in expired breath as a marker of body cholesterol synthesis was developed with a special emphasis on breath sampling. Patients were breathing controlled air using respiratory masks for 2 min (washout period) and then their expired breath was collected in 8-1 Tedlar bags. The bags were heated to 40 degrees C and the solid-phase microextraction fiber Carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane 75 microm was inserted through the septum. Extraction time was 10 min. Analytes were desorbed in the GC injector for 2 min at 270 degrees C. Analyses were performed on a Q-PLOT column and fragment ions 68, 67 and 53 were quantified. The concentration range was 1-40 nmol/l, limit of detection was 0.25 nmol/l, the calibration curve was linear. Precision, expressed as RSD, was 5.5-12.5%. These tests are non-invasive, feasible and relatively inexpensive.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed2000

Bioanalysis of PUFA metabolism and lipid peroxidation in coronary atherosclerosis.

Twenty eight men (age 34-77 years) who underwent an elective coronary angiography for coronary artery disease (CAD), were studied. They were divided into group A (luminal narrowing < 50%; n = 11) and group B (luminal narrowing > 50%; n = 17). Capillary gas chromatography was used for determination of fatty acids. Retinol and alpha-tocopherol were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), other parameters were determined spectrofluorometrically and spectrophotometrically. Severe coronary atherosclerosis in group B was associated with higher serum low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) cholesterol ratio, triacylglycerols, and phospholipids (P < 0.05). Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids C14:0, C16:1 and C22:6n3 were significantly higher in group B (P < 0.05). We found significantly higher plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) C18:3n6 in group B, whereas plasma linoleic acid was not changed significantly. There was a significant increase of IDL-C18:0, LDL-C14:0 and HDL-C22:6n3 PUFA in group B. We conclude that disturbances in saturated fatty acids (SUFA) and PUFA metabolism are associated with coronary atherogenesis. Such abnormalities may include enhanced extrahepatic transport of C14:0 SUFA via LDL and its incorporation into cell membranes, and enhanced clearance of anti atherosclerotic C22:6n3 PUFA via serum HDL.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

TNF-alpha modulates the differentiation induced by butyrate in the HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line.

The aim of this study was to determine whether and how tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) modulates butyrate effects. After the treatment of human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells with sodium butyrate (NaBt), TNF-alpha or with their combinations we detected cell cycle (flow cytometry), cell proliferation (amidoblack and MTT assays), the amount of dead (floating) and apoptotic cells (flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy), and the level of differentiation by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (spectrophotometry), relative F-actin content (confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis) and E-cadherin expression (Western blot analysis). Both TNF-alpha and NaBt decreased cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. After combined treatment of the cells with both agents used, either none or additive effects were observed as compared with NaBt treatment alone. The level of dead and apoptotic cells was dose-dependently increased after this combined treatment. In contrast, TNF-alpha suppressed ALP activity and F-actin accumulation induced by NaBt. The results suggest that TNF-alpha does not influence significantly the antiproliferative effects of NaBt but, contrary to its potentiation of apoptosis, it markedly reduces NaBt-induced differentiation of HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2000

[Changes in selected biochemical parameters during a low-calorie reducing diet].

AIM OF THE STUDY: Assessment of the effect of short term modified low calorie diet on body weight and body mass index (BMI). Assessment of the effect of modified low calorie diet on blood lipids and some biochemical parameters. METHODS: Before and after diet: body weight, BMI, whole blood count, platelet count, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol, serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, bilirubin, AST, ALT, pH of urine and atherogenic index (CHOL-HDL/HDL). PATIENTS: 11 male, mean age 52 years and 19 female, mean age 53.3 years. THERAPY: Modified diet 14 days, 3.3 MJ daily, vitamins and minerals. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in platelet count, serum creatinine, urea, bilirubin, AST, ALT, pH of urine, HDL cholesterol and atherogenic index before and after modified low calorie diet. Significant loss of body weight and decrease of BMI, cholesterol and triglycerides occurred after modified diet. Serum uric acid significantly increased after weight loss. CONCLUSION: The present result's shows that a drop of serum cholesterol and triglycerides follows a significant loss of body weight after modified diet. Our result's shows a significant increase of uric acid levels after weight loss. There was no effect of body weight loss on other biochemical parameters.

Diet, Reducing↗